• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of replacing fish meal or soybean meal with feather meal or bromelain treated feather meal in broiler diets on the performances and nutrient utilization. Two hundred and twenty-five broilers were randomly allotted to five dietary treatrnents((1) control, basal diet; (2) PFM 50, 50 % of the fish meal replaced with bromelain treated feather meal; (3) PFM 100, 100% of the fish meal replaced with bromelain treated feather meal; (4) PSM 20, 20 % of the soybean meal replaced with bromelain treated feather meal; and (5) PSM 40, 40% of the soybean meal replaced with bromelain treated feather meal) in a 5-week feeding trial. In the overall period, body weight gain of the PFM 50(1,807 g), PSM 20(1,816 g) and PSM 40(1,823 g) were the highest and that of the PFM 100 was 1,744 g. The body weight gain of the control(1,698 g) was the lowest(p < 0.05) among treatments. Feed conversion was significantly(p< 0.05) improved when bromelain treated feather meal replaced 20% of the fish meal in the basal diet. Digestibilities of dry matter, ether extract, organic matter and phosphorus were not different among the treatments. Digestibility of crude protein of PFM 50(65.87 %), PSM 20(67.18 %) and PSM 40(67.56%) were the highest, and that of the control(54.49%) was the lowest(p < 0.05) among treatments. Arrunonia and hydrogen sulfide gases from the feces were significantly(p < 0.05) decreased in chicks fed the PFM 50, PSM 20 and GFM 40 diets, when observed after 3 weeks of feeding trials. Feed costs of the control and PFM 50 were 604 and 629 won, respectively but that of PSM 50 was 820 won. Therefore, replacement of fish meal with bromelain treated feather meal in the diets for chicks could be useful for economic production.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

This study determined the level of fermented soybean meal (FSM) that could be substituted for fish meal in the diet for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish meal (FM) was used the sole protein source in the control diet. FSM was substituted for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the fish meal in the experimental diets. The FSM resulted in increased crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash, but decreased crude fiber. The methionine and tryptophan contents in the FSM increased, while lysine and threonine decreased. The 18:2n-6 fatty acid content decreased from 55.30% to 28.67%. Fermentation increased 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) by 2.03% and 15.54%, respectively, although the differences were not significant. Based on growth performance, we concluded that FSM could replace up to 60% of FM for the maximum growth of juvenile parrot fish.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the importance of customers' selection attributes for meal kits, which is rapidly increasing in the home meal replacement food market, and empirically analyze the effect of food selection attributes on consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention toward meal kits. Research design, data, and methodology: Based on the results of previous research, factors that customers consider the most when purchasing a meal kit are nutritional components, ingredients, hygiene, taste, and price. The empirical analysis is conducted by using structural equation modeling to determine the extent that customer selection attributes for meal kits affect customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. The survey is conducted online from January 1 to March 15, 2022, and 282 valid samples are used for the analysis. Results: The result of the analysis confirms that nutritional components, hygiene, taste, and price have a statistically significant effect on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. However, the effect of food ingredients on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention is rejected because no statistically significant results are obtained. Conclusions: As an empirical analysis of the importance of customer selection attributes of meal kits, this study has meaningful implications for related industries and business-to-business operators and provides basic data for the strategic development of related industries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.605-610
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• 1992

Two experiments were conducted to investigate into the effects of replacing maize with a mixture of cassava root and leaf meal (CRLM) on the performance of broiler chickens. In experiment 1, CRLM replaced 50 or 100 percent of maize in the control diet. In experiment 2, the 100 percent CRLM based-diet was fortified at a further 3 percent level with coconut oil. A total of 180, one-day old Shaver Starbro chicks, raised up to 49 days of age, were used. There were no significant (p<0.05) differences in final body weights, feed intake and feed efficiency between the control group and the group fed the diet in which 50 percent of the maize was replaced with CRLM. At the 100 percent level of replacement of maize with CRLM, however, final body weights, feed efficiency and carcass yields, were significantly (p<0.05) reduced. Dressing percentage and feed intake were not affected (p>0.05) by level of substitution of maize with CRLM. In experiment 2, when the diet in which all of the maize was replaced with CRLM was fortified with coconut oil at an additional 3 percent level, broiler performance improved and equaled (p=0.05) that obtained on the control maize diet. It was concluded the CRLM can replace 50 percent of maize in broiler diet without adversely affecting performance. However, for the complete replacement of maize with CRLM, it is necessary to further supplement such a diet with a high energy density ingredient if broiler performance is to be maintained.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.19-24
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• 2015

Purpose - This study attempts to identify the attributes of home meal replacements (HMR) from the perspective of consumers as well as suggest some directions for HMR. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - For the research, food and nutrition professors were interviewed and surveys were completed using the revised Delphi method to identify attributes of HMR. Subsequently, a total of 140 food and nutrition students already aware of HMR were asked to rate the attributes in terms of importance and satisfaction. In addition, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted. Results - According to the analysis results, a total of seven key factors were deduced from the attributes ratings and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) criteria, which is used to verify the appropriateness of the selection of the variables. Conclusion - The findings could be helpful in the future as reference data for HMR producers and distributors to assist in the diagnosis of the status of HMR. Additionally, the data may point to some areas that need greater attention in terms of production as well as marketing.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.747-760
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The consumption of home meal replacement (HMR) is increasing among college students in Korea and China. In particular, Chinese college students studying abroad in Korea (CSK) show changes in their dietary behavior after migration, and HMR consumption for meal substitution is also increasing. This study was conducted to compare the HMR consumption behaviors and HMR development needs of CSK, Chinese college students in China (CSC), and Korean college students in Korea (KSK). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 570 college students (180 CSK, 200 CSC, and 190 KSK) who had experience of HMR consumption. Data were collected by face-to-face survey in 2019 and analyzed using SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects purchased HMR to 'saving time' and 'preventing meal skipping'. Average purchase price per HMR was about 5,000 won for the CSK and KSK, and about 3,000 won for the CSC. The most important attributes when selecting HMR for the CSK and CSC were hygiene, freshness, and taste in that order, while for the KSK were taste, price, and hygiene. Rice was preferred by the KSK while grilled and fried dishes were preferred by the CSK and CSC. In terms of development needs, dessert and meat-based side dishes were highest in all three groups. The preferred food materials for more than 50% of the subjects of all groups were beef, chicken, pork, shrimp, and squid, and spinach and Chinese cabbage in the CSK, and onion in the KSK. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows more effort is needed to develop the healthy customized HMR for college students studying in Korea and China, and that focuses are placed by CSK on hygiene and freshness, by CSC on meat side dishes, hygiene, and price, and by KSK on snacks (as meal substitutes), taste, and price.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.473-480
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• 2016

As the lifestyle of people today is evolving, the desire for convenient but nutritious food to replace home-cooked meals is increasing. As the market for Home Meal Replacement (HMR) has already reached 17 hundred billion Won, many studies on HMR selection attributes have been conducted, using traditional Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). However, it was found that traditional IPA had some limitations. Therefore, the study used both traditional and the Revised IPA to examine the selection attributes of HMR sold at large discount store to compare outcomes. The results of the study show that by using the Revised IPA, many attributes differed from those found by the traditional IPA. Consequently, the study revealed aspects that have both linear and nonlinear relationships with customer satisfaction. Implications of this study could provide the foundation of business strategies for HMR manufacturers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2020

As HMR (home meal replacement) food market grows rapidly, a new packaging with more HMR specialized functions is highly required to promote consumers' convenience. A susceptor is defined as a material generating heat by absorbing electromagnetic energy such typically as radiofrequency or microwave radiation. In microwave cooking, susceptors are made of conductive metal thin film deposited on paper or plastic sheet and have generally been used to help crispen or brown foods by converting microwave energy into heat. This mini review article deals with current status of microwave susceptor packaging including commercial products, technical theory, types of susceptor and a test method for heating performance.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

쌀은 우리나라에서 오래 전부터 주식으로 사용되어 온 중요한 식량자원으로, 우리 식생활에서 밥이 차지하는 비중은 상당히 크며 매식사 마다 취반하는 것이 보편적 형태이다. 하지만, 취반 직후의 밥은 시간이 지남에 따라 물성이 변화하므로 이에 따라, 밥을 냉동 보존하여 적절한 방법으로 해동하면 갓 지은 밥의 조직감으로 복원이 가능하다. 또한, 건조 처리하여 열수복원 후 즉석으로 섭취할 수 있어 장기 보존 시의 품질유지를 위한 가공기술 적용이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 이에 따라, 쌀알을 이용하여 HMR(Home meal replacement) 편의식 개발을 위한 가공적성 연구를 수행중에 있으며, 건조, 냉동, 열처리 방법과 같은 가공변수에 따라 냉동밥, 건조밥, 편의식 죽 등의 적용 특성을 분석함으로써 다양한 원료쌀 을 선택할 수 있는 기틀을 마련하여 국내 쌀 소비확대에 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2017

Due to the nature of HMR food that is susceptible to contamination, its safety management is becoming more important. The relevant food types in food code corresponding to HMR foods are addressed, and the criteria for hygiene indicator bacteria and food poisoning bacteria, and storage and distribution standards according to the product type were presented. The government's safety management for HMR foods is basically carried out through the Food Sanitation Act. Those who intend to do HMR business must complete business registration or declaration, hygiene education, health examination of employees, and comply with legal obligations such as HACCP application. The government confirms compliance with legal requirements through hygiene inspection and monitoring inspection of products. However, the safety of HMR foods is not realized by the safety management system alone. A food safety culture should be established in which industry workers and consumers carry out actions to ensure food safety.