• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the isometric endurance time as percentages of maximum voluntary contraction. Electromyogram(EMG) and Borg's CR-I0 value were measured by push-pull-up-down tasks for 10 healthy males. The normalized EMG value and the MPF(mean power frequency) were used to estimate the muscle recruitment pattern and the development of muscle fatigue. The subjects exerted and maintained 5 levels of %MVC(maximum voluntary contraction) in $90^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion/ 180oelbow extension at sitting posture. The up-task showed the lower endurance time and higher Borg's CR-I0 value than the other task types. Comparing Rohmert's curve with the endurance time of task types. Rohmert's curve overestimated the endurance time of up-task and underestimated the endurance time of push-pull-down tasks. The normalized EMG value showed that muscles recruitment patterns were different from task types. The 4 muscles(biceps brachii muscle, tricep brachii muscle. middle deltoid muscle. trapezius muscle) recruitment patterns of up-task were higher than those of other tasks. The MPF value decreased with the endurance time, and the shift of MPF at up-task was larger than that of the other task types.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2004

This paper derives a distribution function of the terminal value and running maximum of two-dimensional Brownian motion {X($\tau$) = (X$_1$($\tau$), X$_2$ ($\tau$))', $\tau$ 〉0}. One random variable of the joint distribution is the terminal time value, X$_1$ (T). The other random variable is the maximum of the Brownian motion {X$_2$($\tau$), $\tau$〉} between time s and time t. With this distribution function, this paper also derives an explicit pricing formula for an outside barrier option whose monitoring period starts at an arbitrary date and ends at another arbitrary date before maturity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2004

In-phantom neutron flux distribution is measured at the HANARO BNCT irradiation facility. The measurements are performed with Au foil and wires. The thermal neutron flux and Cd ratio obtained at the HANARO BNCT facility are $1.19{\times}10^9\;n/cm^{2}s$ and 152, respectively, at 24 MW reactor power. The measured in-phantom neutron flux has a maximum value at a depth of 3 mm in the phantom and then decreases rapidly. The maximum flux is about $25\%$ larger than that of the phantom surface, and the measured value at a depth of 22 mm in the phantom is about a half of the maximum value. In addition, the neutron beam is limited well within the aperture of the neutron collimator. The two-dimensional in-phantom neutron flux distribution is determined. Significant neutron irradiation is observed within 20 mm from the phantom surface. The measured neutron flux distribution can be utilized in irradiation planning for a patient.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 1986

Phytoplankton community was investigated at the Paldang Dam Reservoir in the Mid-Han River by it's depth, in spring and summer known as the period of phytoplankton's blooming. It was only in summer that phytoplankton bloomed at the investigated area. 128 kinds of phytoplankton were identified and of them, diatoms were abundunt in spring but cyanophyta and chlorophyta were in summer. Because some species with high pollution index were observed in summer, it could be proved that the investigated area was polluted especially in summer. In spring shown the circulation period by vertical distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and isothermal distribution pattern of water temperature, maximum value of phytoplankton standing crops appeared at the upper layer, except for surface layer. In summer shown the circulation period after the stagnation period by vertical distribution pattern of chlorophyll-a and immediate destruction after stratification of water temperature, maximum value of phytoplankton standing crops appeared at the lower layer. the layer at which the maximum value of chlorophyll-a appeared also accorded with that of phytoplankton standing crops. So, it could be approved that there existed a close relationship among phytoplankton standing crops, chlorophyll-a, and water temperature.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.20-21
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• 2017

In this study, fundamental properties by pore structure and heat of microhydration test were determined. As a result of pore structure analysis, BS(AA) specimen showed showed the maximum peak value of significantly lower incremental intrusion than the maximum peak value of incremental intrusion at smaller pore size than that of BS. As a result of heat of microhydration test, the maximum heating value was in the order of OPC > BS > BS(AA), and initial drying shrinkage and compressive strength of BS(AA) were expected to be improved.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 1998

As a satellite positioning system, GPS is designed to provide the information on three dimensional position, velocity, and time all over the world. The purpose of this paper is to obtain what day has the best accuracy and what time has the best accuracy of measuring of forteen-twenty mimutes for effective using of MAGELLAN G.P.S NAV DLX-10 system. The result of measurement maximum deviation value from November, 1997 to March, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 And the result of measurement maximum deviation value during fourteen minutes of April 29, 1998 that latitude deviation is 3' .75 and longitude deviation is 1' .9. The result of measurement maximum deviation value during twenty minutes of May 6, 1998 that latitude deviation is 4' .75 and longitude deviation is 2' .1 and that is provid 3' .25, 4' .1 to May 13, 1998. So, we expect efficient use of horizontal position for navigation.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2024

Mathematical argument has been given much attention in the research literature as a mediating construct between reasoning and proof. However, there have been relatively less efforts made in the research that examined the nature of empirical arguments represented in textbooks and how students perceive them as proofs. Cases of point include Intermediate Value Theorem [IVT] and Maximum-Minimum theorem [MMT] in grade 11 in Korea. In this study, using Toulmin's framework (1958), the author analyzed the substance of the empirical arguments provided for both MMT and IVT to draw comparisons between the nature of datum, claims, and warrants among empirical arguments offered in textbooks. Also, an online survey was administered to learn about how students view as proofs the empirical arguments provided for MMT and IVT. Results indicate that nearly half of students tended to accept the empirical arguments as proofs. Implications are discussed to suggest alternative approaches for teaching MMT and IVT.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

본 연구는 임상적으로 증상이 없는 단순흉부방사선사진에서 심흉비를 측정하였고 남자 263명(52%), 여자 237명(48%) 등 500명을 대상으로 하였다. 500명 전체에 대한 심흉비의 평균은 0.48이었으며 일반적인 정상 심흉비 0.50보다 낮은 경우가 319명(63.8%), 정상치 0.50보다 높은 경우가 181명(36.2%)으로 나타났다. 정상 심흉비 0.50보다 높은 심흉비를 보인 181명의 연령대별 분석에서 30대는 17명으로 9.4%를 차지하고 있으며 30대 대상자 125명 기준으로는 13.7%, 전체 대상자 500명 기준으로는 3.4%가 정상치보다 높게 나타났다. 40대는 22명으로 12%를 차지하고 있으며 40대 대상자 125명 기준으로는 17.7%, 전체 대상자 500명 기준으로는 4.4%가 정상치보다 높게 나타났다. 50대는 54명으로 30%를 차지하고 있으며 50대 대상자 125명 기준으로는 43%, 전체 대상자 500명 기준으로는 10.8%가 정상치보다 높게 나타났다. 60대는 88명으로 49%를 차지하고 있으며 60대 대상자 125명 기준으로는 69%, 전체 대상자 500명 기준으로는 17.6%가 정상치보다 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1982

Activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT] and serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] were determined during and after surgery In a total of 18 patients with heart diseases Including 8 cases of congenital heart anomaly and 10 cases of acquired valvular diseases who undergone open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The results obtained are as follows: 1]The average value of the activity of SGPT before the surgery was $27.94{\pm}12.24$ units. The value was increased following the operation and reached to the maximum value of $43.83{\pm}37.02$ units 2 days after the operation, which was slightly deviated from the normal range. The enzyme activity returned to the normal range of $32.82{\pm}23.61$ units 4 days after the operation. 2]The average value of the activity of SGOT before the surgery was observed to be $30.5{\pm}11.29$ units. The value increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $95.56{\pm}43.38$ units. 2 days after the operation, the enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to the normal range 6 days after the operation. 3]The average value of the activity of serum LDH before the surgery was found to be $258.0{\pm}88.96$ units. The value was increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $930.55{\pm} 258.23$ units 2 days after the operation. The enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to normal range 7 days after the operation. 4]It was observed that the longer the time required for the extracorporeal circulation in the open heart surgery became, the greater the changed in activity of SGOT, SGPT and serum LDH were found.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.425-435
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• 2004

수자원분야에서 관측최대강수량은 주로 지점최대 강수량에 의해 평가되어 왔으나, 엄밀한 의미에서 강수량이라 함은 면적평균강수량으로 고려되어야 한다. 면적평균강수량은 관측호우의 DAD(rainfall Depth-Area-Duration) 분석을 통하여 계산된 추정치이고, 이로부터 대상면적-지속기간별 면적평균강수량 또는 최대관측강수량을 산정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 전역을 수문학적으로 동질하다고 가정하여 호우중심의 DAD 분석을 수행하였으며, 이로부터 면적-지속기간별 최대관측강수량의 연도별 변화를 고찰하였다. 또한, 면적-지속기간별고 구성된 시계열로부터 확률강수량을 산정하여, 면적별 IDF와 관측치대강수량의 특성에 대하여 논하였다.