• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권11호
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• pp.1922-1928
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• 2008

The thermal rating of a conductor are maximum continuous current capacity and short time emergency current capacity. The overload operation for a faults have an effect on a conductor lifetime. Its time duration and overload level are limited to facility conditions of transmission lines. The short time emergency current capacity in KOREA observe the KEPCO's DESIGN RULE 1210, but its rules are not included to concept of an allowable short time duration. This papers are described to the calculation concept of short time emergency current capacity considering a time duration and an overload level. And we suggested a operation grouping and its maximum conductor temperature considering facility conditions - conductor lifetime, stability of connection points, conductor height above ground and clearance, in the operating and new T/L.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.398-401
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• 2002

When the current flows over the allowable current due to the overload, it causes electric disaster such as an electrical fire and an electric shock by short current or leakage of electricity because the covering is deteriorated according to the heating action. In this paper, for the wire(IV 1.6mm) used as interior wiring, we analyzed a variation of the surroundings temperature, the form and the structure of a covering, and the crystal structure of a conductor. In the result of this experiment, the surroundings temperature at the allowable current of 300% rose to about 47$^{\circ}C$, and it rose up to the maximum allowable temperature of the wire at 400%. Consequently, it was broken within one minute at 500%. In the analysis of a metallograph, the conductor broken by the over current showed the dendrite. These analyses result will be applied to judging the electrical fire.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2003

공항과 같이 간선이 길게 포설될 수 있는 장소의 저압간선 굵기는 해당 케이블의 허용전류와 전력계통의 전압강하를 고려하며 결정된다. 비록 도체의 허용전류 값이 부하의 허용전류 값에 비하여 여유가 있을지라도 계통의 허용전압강하를 고려할 경우 도체의 굵기는 비교적 크게 산정될 수 있다. 이러한 경우에, 도체의 허용전류 값은 부하의 최대전류 값보다 훨씬 크게 산정될 수 있으며 상대적으로 도체에서 발생되는 열은 감소하게 된다. 도체의 최대 허용온도에 보정된 도체의 교류저항 값이 저압간선의 굵기 산정을 위한 전압강하 계산공식에 적용되어 왔으며, 도체의 저항 값은 도체의 실제 온도상승 값이 적용된 저항 값에 비하여 크다 본 연구는 도체의 실제 온도상승 값이 보정된 도체의 저항 값을 적용하여 저압간선 굵기 선정 설계 실무에 적용할 수 있도록 일반적인 계산 방식에 비하여 오차가 적은 경제적인 설계 방식을 연구하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.738-744
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• 2016

Current rating of a power cable can be calculated by the maximum allowable temperature in an insulating material considering the heat transfer from cable conductor. Therefore, it is very important to calculate the current rating using electrical equivalent circuit by calculated cable thermal circuit parameters but, it has not been fully investigated yet. In this paper, in order to determine the current rating of power cable, conventional calculation method has been reviewed considering the conductor resistance, loss factor of sheath, dielectric losses and thermal resistances based on the maximum allowable temperature of 345 kV $2500mm^2$ XLPE cable. To confirm the calculation result of the current rating, the conductor temperature should be examined whether it reaches the maximum allowable temperature by the thermal equivalent circuit of the cable. Then, utilizing EMTP (Electro-Magnetic Transient Program) which is a conventional program for electrical circuit, the thermal equivalent circuit was transformed to an electric equivalent circuit using an analogous relationship between thermal circuit and electrical circuit, and temperature condition including cable conductor, sheath, cable jacket could be calculated by the current rating of 345 kV $2500mm^2$ XLPE cable.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2003년도 학술대회논문집
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

Ground in must choose enough sectional area of conductor endurably in maximum fault current, fault duration time, maximum allowable temperature and have strong durability and life-time can bear enough from spontaneous corrosion or electrolytic corrosion and must choose material that problem does not exist electrically and mechanically when connection or junction. In this paper, modeled new ground wire size numerical formula, and examine and compare of modeled numerical formula and abroad regulation, and proved and analyzed validity of the new ground wire size computation method because do simulation to computer program.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.614-615
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• 2007

There are roughly a hundred types of cables in power plants. The distribution of circuits in a nuclear plant is comprised of 20% instrument cables, 61% control cables, 13% AC power cables, 1% DC power cables, and 5% communication lines. In the nuclear power plant, medium voltage cables are generally included in the scope of systems reviewed for safety and are included in a plant's maintenance program. Medium voltage cables provide power to many critical components in plants, including feed water pumps, circulating water pumps, and condensate pumps. Among these cables, high temperature sections of cables feeding electrical power to the circulating water pump and the condenser extraction pump were found. The evaluation for these cables is performed to find the maximum allowable current and temperature. The result shows that the load current flowed about 85% of the allowable current ampacity, and the temperature of conductor at full load current did not exceed the limited temperature. Therefore, existing cables for circulating water pump and condenser extraction pump system are going to be used during design life.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.380-394
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• 1998

A numerical study has been performed to predict the characteristics on the transient operation of the heat pipe with multiple heaters for electronic cooling. The model of the heat pipe was composed of the evaporator section with four heaters, insulated transport section, and the condensor section with a conductor which is cooled with uniform heat flux condition to surrounding. The governing equations and the boundary conditions were solved by the generalized PHOENICS computational code employing the finite volume method. Two test cases are investigated in present study; Case 1 indicates that the 1st and 2nd heaters among four heating sources are heated off, while the 3rd and 4th heaters are heated on. Case 2 is the inverse situation switched from heating location of Case 1. The results show that the transient time to reach the steady state is shorter for Case 1 than for Case 2. Especially, the temperature difference of the heater during switching operation is relatively small compared to the maximum allowable operating temperature difference in electronic system. Hence, it is predicted that the heat pipe in present study operates with thermally good reliability even for switching the heaters.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.464-477
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• 2019

With the sustained and rapid development of new energy sources, the demand for electric energy is increasing day by day. However, China's energy distribution is not balanced, and the construction of transmission lines is in a serious lag behind the improvement of generating capacity. So there is an urgent need to increase the utilization of transmission capacity. The transmission capacity is mainly limited by the maximum allowable operating temperature of conductor. At present, the evaluation of transmission capacity mostly adopts the static thermal rating (STR) method under severe environment. Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) technique can improve the utilization of transmission capacity to a certain extent. In this paper, the meteorological parameters affecting the conductor temperature are analyzed with the IEEE standard thermal equivalent equation of overhead transmission lines, and the real load capacity of 220 kV transmission line is calculated with 7-year actual meteorological data in Weihai. Finally, the thermal load capacity of DTR relative to STR under given confidence is analyzed. By identifying the key parameters that affect the thermal rating and analyzing the relevant environmental parameters that affect the conductor temperature, this paper provides a theoretical basis for the wind power grid integration and grid intelligence. The results show that the thermal load potential of transmission lines can be effectively excavated by DTR, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the absorptive capacity of power grid.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

The quench detection system of the KSTAR (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) primarily uses the resistive voltage measurement due to a quench. This method is to detect the resistive voltage generated by a quench, which is continuously maintained above the preset voltage threshold for a given holding time. As the KSTAR PF (Poloidal Field) coils are operated in the pulse current mode, the large inductive voltages are generated. Therefore the voltage threshold and the quench holding time should be determined by considering both the inductive voltages measured during the operation, and the maximum conductor temperature rise through the quench analysis. In this paper, the compensation methods for minimizing the inductive voltages are presented for the KSTAR PF coils. The quench hot spot analysis of the PF coils was carried out by the analytical and numerical methods for determining the proper values of the quench voltage threshold and the allowable quench protection delay time.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2004

고가공도체의 최대허용전류인 열용량은 일반적으로 IEEE P738 기준에서 주어진 것과 같은 열평형 방정식을 기초로 계산된다. 이 정격은 기온, 풍속, 풍향 및 태양열과 같은 기상조건의 함수로 주어진다. 이러한 기상 파라미터들 중에 풍속은 그 값이 아주 작게 나타날 때 송전용량 결정에 강한 영향을 준다. 따라서 송전용량 모니터시스템에서 사용되는 풍속계 대부분은 낮은 감도와 실속 특성을 가지므로 부정확한 결과가 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 풍속계를 사용하지 않고 가공송전선의 동적송전용량을 결정하기 위한 새로운 방법을 도입한다. 풍속을 2개의 간접도체의 온도로 추정하고 실험을 통하여 추정풍속으로 구한 동적송전용량이 기상모델로 구한 결과와 매우 근접함을 밝혔다.