• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 경험에 따라 비합리적으로 설계되고 있는 낙석방지망의 합리적인 설계를 위한 기초자료를 획득하기 위해 표준 단면을 결정하고 비탈면의 경사, 높이, 낙석의 무게, 이격거리 등의 매개변수가 도약높이나 운동에너지, 통과속도 등 낙석의 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 낙석의 무게는 400, 700, 1,000 kg으로 변화하고 20 m 높이를 기준으로 낙석방호시설이 낙석의 거동에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 1:0.5($63^{\circ}$), 1:0.7($55^{\circ}$)의 경사에 대해 수행하였으며, 낙석의 낙하높이를 3, 15, 20 m를 변경시켜가면서 해석을 실시하여 사면 하부에 발생하는 최대운동에너지의 변화를 분석 평가하였다. 해석결과, 낙석방지망의 설계 시 현행과 같이 일률적인 적용에서 벗어나 사면의 경사와 예상되는 낙석의 규모나 무게, 법면의 상황 및 낙석의 모양, 낙석 운동형태 등 다양한 조건을 고려한 설계가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.702-706
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• 2009

Purpose: Analysis of lower nose and upper lip asymmetry in patients with unilateral cleft lip nose deformity has been proceeded through direct measurement and photo analysis. But there are limitation in presenting real image because of its 2 dimensional trait. The authors analyzed such an asymmetry using 3D VECTRA system (Canfield, NJ, USA) in quantitative way. Methods: In 25 Patients with unilateral cleft lip nose deformity(male 12, female 13, age ranging from 4 to 19), patients with right side deformity were 10 and left were 15. Analysis of asymmetry was proceeded through 3D VECTRA system. After taking 3 dimensional photo, alar area, upper lip area, nostril perimeter, nostril area, Cupid's bow length, nostril height and nostril width were measured. Correlation coefficient and inter data quotients were calculated. Results: In nostril perimeter, maximal difference of cleft side and non - cleft side was 39.3%, asymmetric quotient Qasy = Qcl/Qncl(Qcl, value of cleft side; Qncl, value of non - cleft side) was ranged from 0.84 to 1.85 and in seven cases the length of cleft side was smaller. In nostril area, maximal difference was 69.6% and in 13 cases cleft side was smaller. In lower nasal area, maximal difference was 37.2% asymmetric quotient Qasy = Qcl/Qncl was ranged from 0.47 to 2.03 and in 20 cases cleft side was smaller. The correlation coefficients of nostril perimeter and area were 0.8345. Conclusion: Using 3D VECTRA system, the authors can measure nostril perimeter and lower nasal area that could not been measured with previous methods. Asymmetry of midface was analyzed through area comparison in quantitative way. Futhermore, post operative change can be measured in quantitative method.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2000

최대 개구운동시 하악골의 개구능력과 과두의 활주 운동 양상을 관찰하고 두개안면골격 형태요소와의 상관성을 알아보기 위해 경희의료원 교정과에 내원한 10세 전후의 아동 68명의 최대감합위 및 최대개구위 측모두부방사선사진을 분석하고 통계 처리하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 최대개구량의 평균치는 47.1mm, 최대개구운동시 과두의 이동 직선거리는 18.1mm, 과두의 수평 이동거리는 17.5mm, 수직이동거리는 3.8mm였으며 이동경사도는 $13.1^{\circ}$이었다. 2. 전방두개저의 길이, 하악골 및 상악복합체의 전후방적인 길이가 길수록, 하악상행지가 전방으로 경사할수록, 후안면 고경이 크고 하악의 경사도가 작을수록 개구량이 컸다. 3. 하악상행지가 직립된 경사도를 가질수록, 하악골의 만곡도가 클수록 과두는 수직적인 활주운동을 하였다. 4. 상악복합체가 전후방적으로 길수록 과두는 전방으로 길게 활주운동을 하였다. 이상의 내용으로 볼 때 최대개구위 측모두부방사선사진은 부정교합 환자의 개구운동시 하악골의 운동양상을 평가할 수 있는 진단 자료로서 유용하며 하악골의 개구운동 양상은 두개안면골격의 특정한 형태적 요소와 연관성을 가지며 악관절의 기능적 해부 형태에 관한 정보를 제공하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.1000-1011
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• 1998

연구배경: 기관지 천식 환자들과 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 진단이나 기도폐쇄 정도를 알기 위하여 통상적으로 노력성 호기곡선이나 최대호기류량곡선을 이용한 환기기능검사가 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 외래를 방문하는 환자들이나 자가 치료를 하는 환자들의 경과관찰에는 검사의 간편성으로 인해 peak flow meter를 이용한 peak expiratory flow(PEF)가 많이 이용된다. 이 경우 PEF의 변이성이 크기 때문에 절대값이나 증상이 없을 때의 최대값을 기준으로 비교하여 사용하기도 하는데 검사 판정의 객관성은 추정정상치가 가장 높을 것이다. 그러나 현재까지 국내에서는 최대호기류량곡선을 이용한 PEF(FEFmax)의 추정정상치의 보고는 다수 있으나 peak flow meter를 이용한 보고는 아직까지 없었다. 이에 실제 환자들이 스스로 쉽게 측정할 수 있는 PEF의 추정정상치를 산출하고 이 값이 $FEV_1$을 비롯한 다른 환기기능검사를 어느 정도 정확하게 예측할 수 있는 지를 조사 연구하였다. 방 법: 호흡기 증상이나 기왕 병력이 없는 건강한 남자 129명(나이 ; 19-74 세), 여자 125명(나이 ; 18-67세)을 대상으로 외래에서 mini-Wright peak flow meter(Clement Clarke International Ltd. England)를 이용하여 3 회 이상 PEF를 측정하였다. 아울러 Microspiro HI-501 portable spirometer(Chest Co., Japan)로 노력성호기곡선, 최대호기류량곡선을 측정 분석하여 $FEV_1$, FVC, $FEV_1/FVC$, $FEF_{25-75%}$, $FEF_{25%}$, $FEF_{50%}$, $FEF_{75%}$와 FEFmax를 구하여 각각의 추정정상치를 구하였고 PEF의 $FEV_1$ 및 FEFmax에 대한 설명력을 회귀분석을 통해 구하였다. 결 과: PEF(L/min)의 추정정상치는 남자가 -2.45$\times$Age(year) + 1.36 $\times$ Height(cm) + 427였고 ($R^2=0.28$), 여자에서는 -0.96 $\times$ Age(year) + 2.01 $\times$ Height(cm)+129였다($R^2=0.12$). 최대호기류량곡선에서 산출한 FEFmax는 PEF보다 납자에서는 $125{\pm}74.0$(L/min), 여자에서는 $118{\pm}52.2$(L/min) 적었다. PEF로 예측할 수 있는 $FEV_1$(ml)값은 남자에서 5.98 $\times$ PEF(L/min) + 303 이고 ($R^2=0.43$), 여자에서는 4.61 $\times$ PEF(L/min) +291 이었다($R^2=0.33$). 결 론: 건강한 성인 254명(남자 129명, 여자 125명)을 대상으로 peak flow meter로 측정한 PEF의 추정정상치를 연령과 신장을 변수로 하여 구하였다. 여기서 측정한 PEF로 $FEV_1$ 및 FEFmax를 어느 정도 예측할 수 있었다. 그리고 측정기계 및 방법에 따라서 PEF 값이 달라짐을 확인하였는데 이런 점을 유의한다면 PEF의 측정은 향후 환자 진료에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2011

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is the most common problem involving the knee, accounting for 25% of knee injuries. Repetitive, overuse activities cause increased force at the patellofemoral joint, resulting in pain during flexion and extension activities. Most research have been conducted in exploring the patellofemoral compressive force in gait, squat and lunges, even though in real cases, possibilities in landing exist. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in patellofemoral compressive force according to two different height. Sixteen collegiate male students(age: 22.25 ${\pm}$ 3.30 yrs, height: 177.25 ${\pm}$ 4.44 cm, weight: 77.50 ${\pm}$ 8.18 kg) were chosen. The subjects performed drop landings in 45 cm, 60 cm. The findings demonstrated that higher height showed peak knee extension moment, quadriceps contraction force, patellofemoral compressive force with increased VGRF. Regarding the patellofemoral joint compressive force, it increased by quadriceps contraction force with knee flexion during landing, yet, it showed no difference in maximal knee flexion. To minimize patellofemoral joint stress and reduce the likelihood of developing PFPS, we recommend that predesigned quadriceps and hip muscle group strengthening are needed during conditioning and training.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2019

Objectives: Flatfoot, or low medial longitudinal arch, contributes to back and lower extremity injuries and is caused by weak abductor hallucis (AbdH) muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) alone or with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on navicular height, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the AbdH muscle, and AbdH muscle activity in flexible flatfoot. Methods: Thirty-six otherwise healthy people with flexible flatfoot were randomly assigned to a group that received SFE with placebo NMES treatment (the control group) or a group that received both SFE and NMES treatment (the experimental group). Each group received 4 weeks of treatment (SFE alone or SFE with NMES). Navicular height, the CSA of the AbdH muscle, and AbdH muscle activity were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: No significant differences were found in navicular height or the CSA of the AbdH muscle between the control and experimental groups, while AbdH muscle activity showed a statistically significant difference between the groups ($SFE=73.9{\pm}11.0%$ of maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]; SFE with $NMES=81.4{\pm}8.3%$ of MVIC; p<0.05). Moreover, the CSA of the AbdH muscle showed a statistically significant increase after treatment in the SFE with NMES group ($pre-treatment=218.6{\pm}53.2mm^2$ ; $post-treatment=256.9{\pm}70.5mm^2$ ; p<0.05). Conclusions: SFE with NMES was more effective than SFE alone in increasing AbdH muscle activity. Therefore, SFE with NMES should be recommended to correct or prevent abnormalities in people with flexible flatfoot by a physiotherapist or medical care team.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is searching for technical merits and demerits of each weight lifting player through qualitative motion analysis system. Moreover, It is also analysis the repeating the establishment of exercise purpose and studying for the effect of the field adaptation. The subject of this study was five male weight lifting players who have been engaged in Korean Delegation Team. The institution of exercise target was made through two times qualitative analysis and the result of studying for the effect of the field adaptation was produced before offering feedback. Moreover, two time analysis added after offering feedback. All analysis was based on 2-D visual analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Maximal barbell moving speed in starting phase was decreased after offering feedback. This result implies advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 2. From starting posture to 앉아받기, forward and backward moving distance of hip joint was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 3. In terms of pull phase, forward and backward moving distance of hip and shoulder joint was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 4. In terms of pull phase, the difference of horizontal value of coordinates was decreased after offering feedback in all subjects. This result represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. 5. In terms of pull phase, the motion range of hip joint was decreased after offering feedback in three of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them were not variable or narrow decreasing. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 6. From apex point of barbell to 앉아받기, the difference of barbell height was decreased after offering feedback in three of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them weren't variable or narrow increasing. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 7. In terms of last-pull phase, the angular velocity of knee joint was increased after offering feedback in four of five subjects and this represents advancement of technical skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them, only one subject, decreased. This result represents that feedback system could not brought tremendous effects. 8. In terms of last-pull, the conversional tendency of maximal extension to flextion came out all but simultaneously without offering feedback in four of five subjects. This is well-performed technique. Only one subject, however, could not use power effectively because the fact that his maximal extension came out in serial, from ankle to knee and waist means dispersion of power. In addition to, after offering feedback, only one subject made increasing the maximal extension of knee in last-pull and this result represents advancement of skills after offering feedback. However, the rest of them could not make meaningful development after offering feedback. 9. It might be assumed that searching for technical merits and demerits of each weight lifting player through qualitative motion analysis system could improve player's skill.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1889-1896
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• 2019

Background: Because of the lack of accurate values for applied forces in manual therapy, manual therapists relies on the magnitude of the individual's perception during applying the force. However, excessive loading maneuvers carry risks for patients. Objective: To establish the relationship between the maximal force applied to swine skin with the specific region, sex, and baseline parameters of the subject. Design: Ex-vivo Study and laboratory Experimental research Methods: 3.5 kg of Korean pork sirloin that is a piece of swine was handled and it was set 3 dimensions; #A; #B; #C. Forty-seven participants who has no experience in physical therapy randomly carried out the experiment, indicated to push each place of the pressure spots with same posture and process under supervision from the instructor who has over 15 years of manual therapy, and we measured the pressure force in each time. Results: The biggest pressure force was recorded in spot #A, and #B was represented after #C. Pressure on #A showed certain statistic relation with height (r=.317, p<.05) and weight (r=.434, p<.01); pressure on #B showed certain relation which has statistical meaning with only height (r=.401, p<.01); pressure on #C emerged to have statistic relationship with height (r=.308, p<.05)and weight (r=.428, p<.01). The age aspect revealed relation with pressure on #A, #B and #C, but that was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It can be inferred that there is the most loss of pressure in the area where cartilage is like an island in the middle.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.736-745
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• 1998

연구배경: 횡격막의 운동은 흉부 단순 촬영과 fluoroscopy로 관찰해 왔으나 근래 초음파에 의해서 횡격막의 운동거리와 두께를 측정하는 연구들이 있어왔다. 초음파 검사의 장점을 살펴보면 간편하고 비침습적이며 방사선조사가 없고 재현성과 정확성이 있다는 점을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 횡격막 운동 측정에 대한 초음파의 장점을 이용하여 정상인과 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 횡격막 운동을 조사하고 그 결과를 폐기능 지표들과 비교하였다. 연구방법: 정상 성인 28례(의과대학생 16례, 나이를 고려한 대조군 12례)와 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자 17례를 대상으로 각각에서 폐기능 검사, 최대 흡기압, 최대 호기압과 초음파상 횡격막의 이동 거리를 측정하여 비교하였다. 초음파는 Aloka 사의 KEC-620 모델을 이용하였으며 앙와위 상태에서 환자의 쇄골 중심선에 해당하는 부위의 우상복부에 횡으로 3.5MHz 탐촉자를 대고 간을 에코창으로 이용하여 M-mode 상에서 평상 호흡시와 폐활량 호흡 또는 최대 호흡시의 횡격막 이동 거리를 3회 측정하여 그 평균값을 얻었으며 최대 흡기압과 최대호기압은 Chest사의 Vitalopower KH-101을 이용하여 3회 측정하여 그 평균값을 얻었다. 결 과: 정상인에서의 횡격막 이동거리는 평상호흡에는 1.5cm-1.7cm를 보였고 최대호흡시에는 5.7cm-6.7cm를 보였다. 정상인에서의 최대호흡시에 횡격막 이동거리는 $FEV_1$ $FEV_1/FVC$, PEF, PIF, 신장과 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 다중 희귀분석에서는 $FEV_1$ 만이 유용한 예측지표로 계산되었다. 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서의 횡격막 이용거리는 평상호흡시에는 $1.5{\pm}0.6cm$로 정상인과 유의한 차이가 없었으나 최대호흡시에는 $3.7{\pm}1.3cm$로 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자군의 각 병기에 따라 횡격막 이동거리를 비교해 본 결과 최대호흡시 횡격막의 이동거리는 $FEV_1$이 감소할수록 짧은 경향을 보였으나 통계적 의의는 없었다. 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서의 최대호흡시에 횡격막 이동거리는 연령, PEmax, %FVC와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 다중 회귀분석에서는 최대호기압(PEmax)과 연령이 유의한 예측인자로 계산되었다. 결 론: 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자의 횡격막 이동거리는 정상인에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며 최대호기압과 가장 좋은 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 횡격막 이동거리는 $FEV_1$과 유의한 상관관계를 발견할 수 없어서 초음파를 통한 횡격막 운동검사가 폐기능 평가의 또다른 생리적 지표로 이용될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.845-856
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• 2009

A block of an orthomodular lattice L is a maximal Boolean subalgebra of L. A site is a subalgebra of an orthomodular lattice L of the form S = A $\cap$ B, where A and B are distinct blocks of L. An orthomodular lattice L is called with finite sites if |A $\cap$ B| < $\infty$ for all distinct blocks A, B of L. We prove that there exists a weakly path-connected orthomodular lattice with finite sites which is not path-connected and if L is an orthomodular lattice such that the height of the join-semilattice [ComL]$\vee$ generated by the commutators of L is finite, then L is pathconnected.