• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2012

전통누룩으로부터 분리한 효모 중 입국을 발효제로 사용하여 담금 막걸리의 양조적성을 확인하였다. 그 첫 단계로 본 연구원에서 보유하고 있는 알코올 발효 효모로 입국과 막걸리를 담근 결과 관능 및 이화학 분석에서 Y111-5 균주가 선별 되었다. 선별된 균주의 최적 배양 조건으로 기본 YPD배지 중 탄소원으로 sucrose 9%와 질소원으로 yeast extract 5%대체하여 사용 시, 기본 YPD배지에서 6.33 g/L로 생산되었던 균체가 최적배지에서 13.82 g/L로 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 최적배지 선정에 이어 최적배양 시간 탐색을 위해 control배지와 최적배지를 함께 배양하여 생육곡선을 확인한 결과 최대 균체생산량은 15시간임을 확인하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leg muscle activation by applying proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) arm patterns to unilateral upper extremities under the condition of both open and closed kinetic chains in a seated position. Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects participated in this study. Four PNF patterns were applied to each subject's unilateral upper extremity. EMG data were collected from the vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius. The measured EMG data were digitized and processed to root mean square (RMS) and expressed as percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows: Firstly, in comparison to muscle activation of the biceps femoris, there was a significant increase in the D2 flexion pattern when it was compared with D2 extension pattern and when it was compared with D1 flexion pattern (p<.05). Secondly, there was a significant increase in the muscle activation of the vastus medialis and tibialis anterior with a closed kinetic chain rather than an open kinetic chain (p<.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to increase muscle activation of the biceps femoris, the D2 flexion pattern can be applied, regardless of kinetic chain. In addition, in order to increase muscle activation of the vastus medialis and tibialis anterior, four arm patterns can be applied with a closed kinetic chain.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1230-1236
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• 2009

Optimum conditions for the freeze-thaw stability (FTS) of mung bean starch (MBS) paste as a main ingredient in omija-eui were investigated. For the optimization of the paste preparation condition, the FTS of MBS prepared by boiling in a shaking water bath (BMSW) or by pressure-cooking in an autoclave (PCMA) were analyzed using a response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, the effects of various additives such as gums, sugars, and emulsifier were evaluated on the FTS of MBS paste prepared under optimal conditions. The predicted maximal FTS of MBS paste prepared by the PCMA method (73%) was higher than that of the paste prepared by the BMSW method (36%). In case of additives, gellan gum and sodium alginate effectively prevented the syneresis of MBS paste in the BMSW method and in the PCMA method, respectively. The use of a fructose fatty acid ester as an emulsifier decreased syneresis in a dose-dependent, while the addition of sugars accelerated syneresis. Consequently, MBS paste for omija-eui preparation may be efficiently prepared by adding sodium alginate and fructose fatty acid ester under the optimal conditions of 4.3% MBS content, $121^{\circ}C$ heating temperature, and $89^{\circ}C$ cooling temperature by pressure-cooking in an autoclave.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg patterns on the muscle activation of neck flexors. Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. Each subject performed bilateral asymmetrical PNF leg patterns against manual resistance under four conditions: through the full range of motion toward the right side, left side, and the end range in the right side, left side. Electromyographic (EMG) data was collected from the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles as neck flexors. The root mean square (RMS) value of the SCM was measured and normalized from maximal EMG activity of the SCM. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and repeated analysis of variance (ANOV A) was used to compare the statistical significance. The results of this study are summarized as follows: Firstly, the RMS values of SCM were significantly higher in all four PNF leg patterns than in the resting condition (p<.05). Secondly, there was no significant difference in muscle activation according to the direction of PNF leg patterns (p>.05). Thirdly, there was no significant difference in muscle activation according to the point of range of the motion of leg patterns (p>.05). It is suggested that PNF bilateral asymmetrical leg patterns have a considerable effect on muscle activation of the SCM, regardless of the range of motion and direction of PNF bilateral asymmetrical leg patterns.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1980

Ampliciline was synthesized from 6-amino-pencillanic acid (6-APA) and D-.alpha. phenylglycine methyl ester by using amplicilin synthesizing enzyme from Peudomonas melanogenum (IAM 1655). The whole cell enzyme was immobilized by entrapping it in the polyacrylamide gel lattices. The polymer used in the enzyme entrapment was made from 150 mg per ml of acrylamide monomer and 8 mg per ml of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide. About 200 mg/whole cell enzyme was mixed in the polymer for entrapment. The maximal activity retention after immobilization was 56%. The optimal pH values for the whole cell enzyme and the immobilized whole cell enzyme were 6.0 and 5.9, respectively. The optimal temperature for the enzyme activity were the same for both type of preparations. The enzyme stabilities against pH and heat increased for immobilized whole cell enzyme. Immobilized cell was more stable especially in the acidic condition while both type were found to be very suceptible to thermal inactivation at a temperature above 4.deg.C. The kinetic constants obtained from Lineweaver-Burk plot based on two substate reaction mechanism showed somewhat higher value for immobilized whole cell enzyme as compared to the whole cell enzyme : the Km value for 6-APA were 7.0 mM and 12.5 mM while Km values for phenylglycine methyl ester were 4.5 mM and 8.2 mM, respectively. Using the immobilized whole cell enzyme packed in a column reactor, the productivity of ampiciline was studied by varying the flow rate of substrate solution. At the space velocity, SV, 0.14 hr$^{-1}$ the conversion was 45%. Operational stability found in terms of half life was 30 hr at SV = 0.2 hr.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.712-718
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• 2005

생물처리에 생분해 지표로 이용되는 Glucose를 주 탄소원으로 하고 난분해물질로 알려져 있는 아조계 염료를 부탄소원으로 하여 이들의 저감패턴을 백색 부후균인 T. versicolor와 P. chrysosporium을 통해 관찰하였으며, 그 결과 두 기질(dual substrate)의 저감 패턴을 정형화된 단계별로 관찰할 수 있었다(새로운 환경 적응기, 주탄소원 소모기, 합성 효소에 의한 부탄소원 소모기). 또한 두 균주의 겉보기 최종 Orange II, 색도, COD 제거량을 비교한 결과 최대 5%범위 내에서 유사한 결과를 보여주었으나, 이러한 결과가 반드시 Orange II 분해 과정의 동일성을 의미하는 것은 아니었다. 즉, T. versicolor와 P. chrysosporium의 효소 발현 특성을 분석한 결과, 선행 연구 결과와 함께 다단계로 진행되는 Orange II 분해 과정(Pathway)을 고려할 때, 겉보기 Orange II 저감과 직접적으로 연계된 참여 효소로서 T. versicolor가 Lac를 이용하였고, P. chrysosporium은 LiP를 이용하는 것으로 판단되며, 그에 따라 발현 효소 차이로 인한 분해 과정 및 중간물질 생성이 상이할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

더덕(Codonopsis lanceolata) 재배지에서 당근뿌리혹선충의 환경친화적 방제법을 구명코자 방제실험을 수행한 결과 당근뿌리혹선충 방제 실험에 사용된 방제제들(Bacillus thuringiensis, Paecilomyces lilacinus, fosthiazate, 한약제 추출물) 중 더덕의 발아를 향상시키는 것을 Bt와 한약제 추출물이었고, 억제시키는 것은 fosthiazated였다. Pot에서 미생물제에 의한 당근뿌리혹선충 밀도억제 효과는 Bt와 Paecilomyces lilacinus 모두 우수하였으나 fosthiazate 보다는 떨어지는 경향이었다. 또한 한약제 추출물도 방제효과가 우수하였다. 포장실험에서도 Paecilomyces lilacinus와 fosthiazate 처리 시 수확량이 가장 많았으며 수확된 더덕의 품질도 가장 우수하였다. 한약제추출물도 무처리에 비하여 더덕의 수량 증대에 효과가 있었고, 뿌리혹선충 감염지에서 키운 더덕을 이식한 것이 비감염지에서 키워 이식한 더덕에 비하여 수량 증가율이 저조하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권2A호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2008

본 논문에서 제안하는 결합 송신 다이버시티(The Combined Tx. Diversity) 방식은 이동통신 채널의 조건에 따라 기존의 2가지 송신 다이버시티 방식 중 채널 환경에 따라 더 우수한 송신 방식으로 전송을 하고, 또한 송신 방식이 바뀌는 조건에 따라 재전송 기술을 적용하여 더 우수한 성능을 발휘하는 송신 다이버시티 방식을 제안한다. 동일한 데이터를 2개의 송신 안테나로 전송하는 균등 송신 다이버시티 방식(Balanced Tx. Diversity; BTD)은 수신부에서 MRRC 방법(Maximal Ratio Receiver Combining)을 적용하여 수신할 때 2개의 각 채널의 "신호감쇄성분"과 "위상값들간의 차에 따른 여현값(Cosine Value)"에 따라 STBC 송신 다이버시티 방식보다 성능이 우수하기도 하고 열악하기도 하다. 따라서, 수신부에서는 추정한 2개의 각 채널의 환경을 토대로 송신부에 STBC 송신 다이버시티 방식과 BTD 방식 중 수신 성능을 더 좋게 할 수 있는 방식을 사용하도록 궤환 정보(Feedback Information)를 보내어 우수한 전송방식을 선택하게 하고, 추가적으로 제안하는 재전송 방식도 적용하여 기존의 STBC 송신 다이버시티 방식보다 우수한 전송 성능을 나타냄을 증명한다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2010

Purpose: The study compared the muscle activity and ratio of upper trapezius (UT) to lower trapezius (LT) activity between acute and chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) patients. Methods: Twelve healthy (male: 7), 14 acute WAD (male: 7), and 11 chronic WAD (male: 3) volunteers participated in this study. Electromyography using a surface EMG recorded the activity of the upper trapezius and lower trapezius of both shoulders (dominant and non-dominant) during $120^{\circ}$ elevation when standing and shoulder depression when sitting. The testing order was selected randomly. Subjects were asked to maintain each experimental position for 5 seconds at end range. EMG activity was normalized using the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) elicited using a manual muscle-testing technique. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the average root mean square (RMS) value of EMG activity for each condition. Results: The EMG activity of the dominant UT for chronic WAD subjects was significantly higher than for acute WAD subjects during $120^{\circ}$ elevation (p<.05). The EMG activity of the dominant LT for acute WAD subjects was significantly lower than for the control group (p<.05) during $120^{\circ}$ elevation. The EMG activity of the dominant LT for WAD patients was significantly lower than for the control group during shoulder depression (p<.05), and the chronic WAD patients scored significantly the lowest (p<.01). The dominant UT/LT for chronic WAD patients was significantly higher than the ratio for acute WAD subjects during shoulder depression (p<.05); this result was higher than for the control group (p<.01). The non-dominant UT/LT (ratio) for chronic WAD patients was significantly higher than the ratio for acute WAD subjects during shoulder depression (p<.05). Conclusion: The UT for chronic WAD subjects was hyperactive when compared to the acute WAD subjects, and the was hypoactive for both acute and chronic patients, therefore intra-trapezius imbalance was more prevalent during shoulder depression.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.294-298
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• 2004

세 가지 품종의 한국산 콩을 발아시키면서 isoflavone과 올리고당, 건물량의 변화를 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 콩은 명주 나물콩, 태광콩, 다원콩이었으며 콩의 발아는 $20^{\circ}C$의 항온기에서 10시간 수침 후 8일간 발아시켰다. 세 가지 품종 중 isoflavone 함량이 가장 높았던 품종은 명주나물콩(1.288mg/g)이었으며 그 다음은 태광콩(0.671 mg/g), 다원콩(0.661 mg/g)이었다. 총 isoflavone함량은 전반적으로 발아 초기에 증가하였고 그 후는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 최고값에서의 증가율은 20-50%의 범위였으며 특히 daidzein과 genestein등 aglycone 형태의 증가가 더욱 현저하였다 올리고당인 stachyose와 raffinose의 함량은 발아 중 빠르게 감소하였으나 sucrose의 감소는 비교적 완만하였다. 건물량은 발아 중 서서히 감소하였고 뿌리의 성장은 발아 2일부터 시작하였다.