• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.228-234
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• 2011

Purpose: Reconstruction of chest wall has always been a challenging problem. Muscle flaps for chest wall reconstruction have been helpful in controling infection, filling dead space and covering the prosthetic material in this challenge. However, when we use muscle flaps, functional and cosmetic donor site morbidities could occur. The authors applied and revised various partial muscle flaps and combination use of them to cover the prosthetic material for the chest wall reconstruction and evaluated the usefulness of partial muscle flaps. Methods: This study included 7 patients who underwent chest wall reconstruction using partial muscle flap to cover prosthetic material from 2004 to 2008. The pectoralis major muscle was used in anterior 2/3 parts of it leaving lateral 1/3 parts of it. The anterior 2/3 parts of the pectoralis major muscle were used while lateral 1/3 parts were left. In case of the rectus abdominis muscle flap, we used upper half of it, or we dissected it around its origin and then advanced to cover the site. The latissimus dorsi muscle flap was elevated with lateral portion of it along the descending branch of the thoracodorsal artery. If single partial muscle flap could not cover whole prosthetic material, it would be covered with combination of various partial muscle flaps adjacent to the coverage site. Results: Flap coverage of the prosthetic material and chest wall reconstructions were successfully done. There occurred no immediate and delayed post operative complications such as surgical site infection, seroma, deformity of donor site and functional impairment. Conclusion: When we use the muscle flaps to cover prosthetic material for chest wall reconstruction, use of the partial muscle flaps could be a good way to reduce donor site morbidity. Combination of multiple partial flaps could be a valuable and good alternative way to overcome the disadvantages of partial muscle flaps such as limitation of volume and size as well as flap mobility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.73-79
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• 2022

In this study, real fire tests were performed on representative combustibles of residential facilities to analyze the fire behavior and combustion characteristics in a small residential space. The considered combustibles were a sofa, a combination of a desk and a chair, and a combination of a mattress and an electric mat. A compartment space fire test was performed using the room corner test equipment prescribed in the KS F ISO 9705 specification. Three real fire tests were conducted by placing the combustible material inside a small compartment with insulation and finishing materials and by igniting the combustible material. Results showed that the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate occurred in the combination of the mattress and electric mat. Furthermore, from the result of the fire rate analysis, it was estimated that the fire risk of the mattress and electric mat combination was the highest, followed by the sofa and thedesk and chair combination.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.857-862
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• 2014

The research on a thermal stress control layer (TSCL) begins to undertake to reduce residual stress and strain in the vicinity of the joined region between the hardfacing layer and the base part. The goal of this paper is to estimate the material combination and the thickness of TSCL for the Stellite21 hardfaced STD61 hot working tool steel via three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). TSCL is created by the combination of Stellite21 and STD61. The thickness of TSCL ranges from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The influence of the material combination and the thickness of TSCL on temperature, thermal stress and thermal strain distributions of the hardfaced part have been investigated. The results of the investigation have been revealed that a proper material combination of TSCL is Stellite21 of 50 % and STD61 of 50 %, and its appropriate thickness is 1.0 mm.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.14 no.3 s.62
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• pp.190-196
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• 2007

A process known as the MR and EMR combination process is able to overcome the shortcomings of the MR (metallothermic reduction) and EMR (electronically mediated reaction) process. The effects of $K_2TaF_7$ as the raw material, sodium as the reducing agent and KCl/KF as the diluent on the characteristics of tantalum powder are investigated. In this study, a MR-EMR combination process has been employed to tantalum powder on the location of reductant. The excess of reductant were varied from 25, 50 to 75 wt%. The total charge and external circuit decreases as the amount of reductant increases. The average particle size increases with increasing the amount of reductant.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2017

This purpose of this study to analyze effect material properties have on change in QR code recognition rate according to change of materials by comparing recognition rate of color QR code. QR code applied to textile materials has the advantage of being washable and being applicable to lost child prevention goods or clothes or a person with dementia through record of information relating to the material or input of additional information, differently from QR code printed on the conventional paper. An effective method of entering QR code in textile materials is Digital Textile Printing(DTP), that facilitates printing by rapidly applying diverse information, and small quantity production. It is possible to tailor various QR codes according to use. Regarding samples to use, cotton material used in clothing products and Tyvek material recently applied to clothing and related products were selected. Reactive dyes were used for cotton, pigment was used for Tyvek, and QR code was printed with an inkjet printer by direct printing method. Printing methods and surface textures are different between cotton and Tyvek. It was revealed that consequent print results and results of recognition rate were different. Regarding color to be printed, 2015 S/S - 2017 S/S color presented by Pantone was used. Color combination affected recognition rate of color QR code. Understanding color combination, material properties and print characteristics may be helpful in increasing recognition rate of color QR code, and may contribute to usability of color QR code applied to textile materials in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

A material mixing method to obtain an optimal topology for a structure in a thermal environment was suggested. This method is based on Evolutionary Structural Optimization(ESO). The proposed material mixing method extends the ESO method to a mixing several materials for a structure in the multicriteria optimization of thermal flux and thermal stress. To do this, the multiobjective optimization technique was implemented. The overall efficiency of material usage was measured in terms of the combination of thermal stress levels and heat flux densities by using a combination strategy with weighting factors. Also, a smoothing scheme was implemented to suppress the checkerboard pattern in the procedure of topology optimization. It is concluded that ESO method with a smoothing scheme is effectively applied to topology optimization. Optimal topologies having multiple thermal criteria for a printed circuit board(PCB) substrate were presented to illustrate validity of the suggested material mixing method. It was found that the suggested method works very well for the multicriteria topology optimization.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.1700-1707
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• 2004

Nowaday, market size of digital image in world around is looks to rapidly growth. For this, Texture mapping has traditionally been used to add realism to computer graphics images. Therefore to make our image realistic, we need to give the various kind of objects material parameter and environment lighting. To present the completed marble we use passing back algorithm and combination with channel of a material. In experimental result of this paper that application by passing back algorithm and varying the parameter such as scale, period, distortion, octaves of noise make showing the superiority of optimized rendering of spheres and perfect another marble effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.07b
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• pp.1270-1273
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• 2004

The combination of methane-chemical activation and Self-propagating High-temperature synthesis (SHS) has widened the possibilities for both methods. For YBCO systems the investigation showed that a short-term mechano-chemical activation of initial powders before SHS leads to single-phase and ultra-fine products. A new technique for preparation ultra-fine high-temperature superconductors of YBCO composition with a grain size d < $1{\mu}m$ is developed. The specific feature of the technique is formation of the $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ crystalline lattice directly from an X-ray amorphous state arising as a result of mechanical activation of the original oxide mixture. The technique allows the stage of formation of any intermediate reaction products to be ruled out. X-ray and magnetic studies of ultra-fine high temperature superconductors (HTS) are carried out. Dimension effects associated with the microstructure peculiarities are revealed. A considerable enhancement of inter-grain critical currents is found to take place in the ultra-fine samples investigated.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 2012

This study analyzed metaphorical characteristics of composite materials in terms of a visual aspect on a new material that is applicable for housing space. The results are as follows. First, the recent trend of housing space tends to stimulate emotions of residents through visual finishing materials, and for this reason, visual expression of a new material that is applicable to finishing materials plays an important role. Second, convertibleness, association and duplicity were selected as items of metaphorical expressions through the precedent studies. Third, most of combinations of materials were shown different from the existing materials in an expressive characteristic of composite materials through analysis, and application of a technology showed a different visual effect of patterns and textures from the existing materials. This implies that visual expression and directing are being attempted using such technology on finishing materials of housing space with development of digital technologies. Fourth, for metaphorical characteristics of composite material for housing space, combination of various materials and a digital technology were applied on convertibleness. For association, a combination of materials that have each different characteristic associated with the third material, and combination with subsidiary material of optical fiber and a digital technology were appled for duplicity. Data obtained from the results of this study has high efficiency in planning finishing materials for emotional housing space in future, and it will be basic data for a study on development of new finishing materials.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.14-35
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• 2021

This study compares and analyzes the designs of Burberry creative directors, Christopher Bailey and Riccardo Tisci. For this purpose, 322 photographs (176 Christopher Bailey and 146 Riccardo Tisci) were collected and the data analysis criteria were classified into color, shape, material, decoration, item, and fashion style. With respect to the data analysis method, statistical analysis and content analysis were combined. First, the design characteristics of Christopher Bailey top and bottom combined bright tone, tone-in-tone color scheme, H-line, heterogeneous material combination, and smart casual appeared very frequently. Second, the design characteristics of Riccardo Tisci top and bottom combined were monotone, tone-on-tone color scheme, H-line, heterogeneous material combinations, and street culture. Third, the design differences between creative directors were significantly different in color, tone, color arrangement, pattern, material type, material combination, detail, top and bottom items, and fashion style. Burberry men's wear maintains Burberry's traditional design identity with achromatic colors, beige-based colors, and beige checks. Christopher Bailey's design direction is characterized by modernity in a casual mood that emphasizes practicality. The design direction of Riccardo Tisci is characterized by a wide gap between images in a semi-formal style that emphasizes Burberry's tradition and a free-spirited casual style.