• 재활치료과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 발렌버그 증후군 환자에게 적용한 구강운동촉진기술(OMFT) 프로토콜과 신경근전기자극 치료(NMES)의 임상 적용 효과의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 발렌버그 증후군 환자 1명을 대상으로 OMFT와 NMES를 4주 동안 주 5일, 1일 2회로 각각 40회씩 적용하였다. 중재 전·후의 변화를 비교하기 위해 포괄적 구강안면기능척도(COFFS), 한국판 Mann 삼킴 능력 평가(K-MASA), 침습-흡인 척도(PAS)를 사용하여 평가하였다. 자료 분석은 중재 전·후의 점수 변화를 비교하였다. 결과 : 본 연구에 참여한 대상자에게 중재 전·후로 구강안면기능과 삼킴능력이 향상되었다. 구강운동 기능 중 혀 운동에 비교적 많은 기능적 호전이 나타났으며, 인두기 삼킴이 가능해지는 정도로 평가되었 고, VFSS를 통한 PAS 평가에서도 5점으로 증상의 개선이 관찰되었다. 결론 : 체계적인 OMFT와 운동강도의 NMES를 적용한 초기 연하재활치료는 구강 운동 기능과 연하장애 개선에 가능성을 확인하였다. 향후 OMFT와 NMES를 적용한 중재의 효과에 대한 보완 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2014

Differential Global Positioning System-Correction Projection (DGPS-CP) algorithm, which has been suggested as a method of correcting pre-calculated position error by projecting range-domain correction to positional domain, is a method to improve the accuracy performance of a low price GPS receiver to 1 to 3 m, which is equivalent to that of DGPS, just by using a software program without changing the hardware. However, when DGPS-CP algorithm is actually realized, the error is not completely eliminated in a case where a reference station does not provide correction of some satellites among the visible satellites used in user positioning. In this study, the problem of decreased performance due to the difference in visible satellites between a user and a reference station was solved by applying the Multifunctional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) based Augmentation System (MASA) correction to DGPS-CP, instead of local DGPS correction, by using the Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) operated in Japan. The experimental results showed that the accuracy was improved by 25 cm in the horizontal root mean square (RMS) and by 20 cm in the vertical RMS in comparison to that of the conventional DGPS-CP.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2000년도 국제심포지움 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.31-41
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• 2000

The major issue in the post genome sequencing era is determination of gene expression patterns in variety of biological systems. A microarray system is a powerful technology for analyzing the expression profile of thousands of genes at one experiment. In this study, we constructed cDNA microarray which carries 2,304 cDNAS derived from oligo-capped mouse cDNA library. Using this hand-made microarray we determined gene expression in various biological systems. To determine tissue specific genes, we compared Nine genes were highly-expressed in adult mouse brain compared to kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Tissue distribution analysis using DNA microarray extracted 9 genes that were predominantly expressed in the brain. A database search showed that five of the 9 genes, MBP, SC1, HiAT3, S100 protein-beta, and SNAP25, were previously known to be expressed at high level in the brain and in the nervous system. One gene was highly sequence similar to rat S-Rex-s/human NSP-C, suggesting that the gene is a mouse homologue. The remaining three genes did not match to known genes in the GenBank/EMBL database, indicating that these are novel genes highly-expressed in the brain. Our DNA microarray was also used to detect differentiation specific genes, hormone dependent genes, and transcription-factor-induced genes. We conclude that DNA microarray is an excellent tool for identifying differentially expressed genes.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2006

In this study, a novel education system for inspection of concrete bridges is presented. The new education approach uses virtual reality (VR) and three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) in training engineers to become bridge inspection specialists. The slow time-dependent deterioration of concrete bridges can be reproduced on the computer screen in any chosen time frame, thus providing the trainees with illustrative and educative insight into the deterioration problem. In the proposed VR/3DCG approach a three-dimensional model of concrete bridge, including surfaces, viewpoints and walkthrough paths is created. With the help of this virtual bridge model, an experienced bridge inspection specialist teaches the different deterioration phenomena of concrete bridges to the trainees. The new system was tested, and the inspection results from the case bridge showed that in comparison with the traditional Japanese bridge inspection education system, the new system gives better results. In addition to the improvement of quality of bridge inspections, the new VR/3DCG system-based education brings along some other, more intangible benefits.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2007

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to negatively control protein-coding genes by binding to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cytoplasm. In innate immunity, the role of miRNA gene silencing is largely unknown. In this study, we performed microarray-based experiments using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages derived from wild-type, MyD88 knockout (KO), TRIF KO, and MyD88/TRIF double KO mice. We employed a statistical approach to determine the importance of the commonality and specificity of miRNA binding sites among groups of temporally co-regulated genes. We demonstrate that both commonality and specificity are irrelevant to define a priori groups of co-down regulated genes. In addition, analyzing the various experimental conditions, we suggest that miRNA regulation may not only be a late-phase process (after transcription) but can also occur even early (1h) after stimulation in knockout conditions. This further indicates the existence of dynamic interactions between miRNA and signaling molecules/transcription factor regulation; this is another proof for the need of shifting from a 'hard-wired' paradigm of gene regulation to a dynamical one in which the gene co-regulation is established on a case-by-case basis.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2006

A novel fabrication of the patterned surfaces in the polymer films was demonstrated by using the self-organizing character of the block copolymers of polystyrene-b-oligothiophenes and polystyrene-b-aromatic amide dendron. Hexagonally arranged open pores with a micrometer-size were spontaneously formed by casting the polymer solutions under a moist air flow. The amphiphilic character of the block copolymers played the crucial role as a surfactant to stabilize the inverse emulsion of water in the organic solvent, and subsequently the aggregated structure of the hydrophilic oligothiophene or aromatic amide dendron segments remained on the interiors of the micropores. The chemical composition on the top of the surface of the microporous films was characterized by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) or a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS). The characterizations clearly indicated that the patterned surfaces in the self-organized block copolymer films with the hexagonally ordered microporous structures were fabricated in a single step.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.77-89
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• 1998

서 론: $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자에는 여러 종류의 다형성(polymorphism)가 존재하며, 천식 환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 대표적인 변이는 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 아미노산이 대치된 부분으로 Arg16-Gly, Gln27-Glu, Val34-Met 및 Thr164-Ile 등인 것으로 알려져 있다. 지속적인 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 유도체의 자극에 대하여 세포표면으로 부터 세포내의 전달과정이 둔화되어 점차 세포전달이 없어질 수도 있는 desensitization 또는 수용체와 수가 감소하는 downregulation이 존재하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 천식환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 desensitization 또는 downregulation 뿐만 아니라 천식 표현형과 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자 다형성의 상관 관계에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 논란이 많다. 이에 본 연구는 기관지 천식환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체의 가장 흔한 16, 27, 34 및 164 의 아미노산에 해당하는 유전자의 다형성을 MASA (Mutated Allele Specific Amplification)법으로 시행하여 각각의 다형성의 발생 빈도와 천식의 심한 정도와 연관이 있는 가를 확인하였다. 대상 및 방법: 대상 환자는 천식 환자 103명이었으며, 이중 남자는 54명, 여자는 49명으로 평균 연령은 46.6세 (19~80세)였고 이환 기간은 4.7년이었다. 대상 환자는 경미하고 간헐적 증상을 보인 30명, 지속적인 경미한 천식 환자는 32명으로 경미한 천식은 모두 62명이었으며, 중등증의 천식 증상은 17명 및 중종의 천식증상을 보인 환자는 24명이었다. 이중 1년 중에 6개월 이상 전신적 스테로이드를 투여하는 환자는 39명이었으며, 투약 중에도 야간 발작이나 야간 기침이 발생되었던 환자는 44명이었다. 대상 환자로부터 10cc의 전혈구를 체취 하여 분리된 림파구에서 분리된 DNA를 이용하여 MASA 방법으로 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 16번, 27번, 34번 및 164번째 아미노산의 다형성을 검색하였고, 천식의 심한 정도 따른 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자의 다형성의 분포와 야간 천식의 발작이나 증상의 유무에 따른 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 유전자의 다형성의 분포를 확인하였다. 결 과: 16 번째 Arginine이 Glycine으로 변이는 heterozygous 변이가 67명, homozygous 변이가 13명으로 heterozygous 변이가 65.1%로 가장 많았다. 27번째 Glutamine이 Glutamate로 변이는 heterozygous만 11명으로 10.7%였으며, 34번째 Valine이 Methionine으로 변이를 일으키는 100번째 핵산의 경우도 heterozygous만 6명으로 5.8%였다. 27 번째와 34번째 아미노산의 변이를 일으키는 homozygous 변이와 164번째 아미노산의 변이는 대상 환자 중에는 없었다. 천식 증상의 심한 정도를 경종 및 중등증, 중중으로 2 구분하여 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성의 발생빈도를 관찰한 결과 중증의 천식환자에서 16번째 아미노산의 변이의 빈도는 많았으나 (p=0.015), 27번, 34번 및 164번째의 아미노산의 변이는 천식 증상의 정도와는 연관성이 없었다. 야간 천식 증상의 유무에 따른 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성은 16, 27, 34 및 164번째 아미노산의 핵산의 변이와 연관성이 없었다. 결 론: 이상의 결과로 기관지 천식 환자에서 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성은 Arg 16, Gln 27 및 Val 34의 변이가 존재하고, Arg 16이 가장 많았으며, Thr 164는 없었다. 기관지 천식 환자에서 증상이 심한 중증 천식은 $\beta_2$ 교감 신경 수용체의 다형성중 Arg 16의 변이는 중증 천식과 연관성이 있었다. 그러나 야간 천식 발작이나 증상과 $\beta_2$ 교감신경 수용체 다형성은 서로 상관이 없었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2018

Along with climate change, it is reported that the extreme climate events such as severe drought could cause difficulties of agricultural water supply. To minimize such damages, it is necessary to secure the agricultural water resources by using or saving the amount of irrigation water efficiently. The objectives of this study were to develop paddy water management scenarios and to evaluate their effectiveness on water saving. Three water management scenarios (a) deep irrigation with ponding depth of 20~80 mm (control, CT), (b) no/intermittent irrigation until paddy cracks (water management A, WM-A), and (c) intermittent irrigation with ponding depth under 20 mm (water management B, WM-B) were developed. Water saving effects were analyzed using monitored data from experimental paddy fields, and agricultural water supply was analyzed on a reservoir-scale using MASA model. The observed irrigation amounts were reduced by 21 % and 17 % for WM-A and WM-B compared to CT, respectively, and mainly occurred by the increase of effective rainfall. The simulation results showed that water management scenarios could reduce irrigation by 21~51 % and total inflow by 10~24 % compared to CT. The long-term simulated water level change of agricultural reservoir resulted in the decrease of dead level occurrence for WM-A and WM-B. The study results showed that WT-A and WT-B have more benefit than CT in the aspect of agricultural reservoir water supply.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation by water splitting ($H_2O_{(1)}{\rightarrow}H_2_{(g)}+1/2O_2_{(g)}$) has been studied on photocatalysts based on Zn, Cd, Fe and Cu, synthesized by coprecipitation. Iron and copper nanoparticles were incorporated as cocatalysts to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the ZnCd solid solution. The effect of the different synthesis parameters (temperature, elemental atomic ratios, amount of Cu and Fe incorporated in the catalyst and calcination temperature) on the photocatalytic production of hydrogen has been studied in order to determine the best experimental synthesis conditions. The catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and BET. The experiments of photocatalytic water splitting were performed in aqueous solution of the photocatalysts previously dispersed in a soft ultrasound bath. The photocatalysts were irradiated under different lights ranging from 220 to 700 nm. The photocatalytic activity was found to be clearly dependent on the specific area of the photocatalyst.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2002

자생 양치식물중 실내식물로서 개발가치가 높은 가는쇠고사리(Arachniodes aristata )와 석위(Pyrrosia lingua)의 실내 습도조건에 따른 생육 반응을 살펴보고자 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 가는고사리와 석위는 상대습도 50%, 90% 보다 25%와 같은 저습도시 식물체내수분함량, 엽록소함량, 관상가치가 저하되었다. 2. 상대습도에 대한 용토별 생육에 있어 고습도인 90%일시 용토별 생육에는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 중습도인 50%일 경우 일반 토양이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 저습도인 25%의 경우 가는쇠고사리는 인공배합토에서, 석위는 일반토양에서 생육이 좋은 것으로 나타났다.