• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.275-284
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• 2014

Recently, the combination of mobile and NFC aroused great momentum for Activation of NFC services market. Especially, mCoupon service using NFC has been utilized in a variety consumer marketing. However, mCoupons differ significantly from paper-based coupons because unprotected data can be easily copied or modified without significant cost by anyone. A high number of uncontrolled copies of coupons can result in a significant loss. In this paper, we proposed a light-weight signature scheme that is protected against illegal use in nfc mobile payment environment to using limited resources.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2023

Tonnage taxation has contributed to developing the Korean maritime industry through tax relief for shipping companies. The current tonnage taxation relies on the net tonnage as an earning-capacity indicator in a merchant ship. Although the tonnage tax accords with horizontal equity, it does not match vertical equity because of the different taxable capacities of an individual company. Nowadays, maritime transport uses a dedicated vessel, and each shipping freight embeds a different value of time. It means the tonnage taxation regime should consider the added value of each shipping freight. Meanwhile, as the environmental regulations led by the International Maritime Organization are being strengthened, the Korean merchant fleet must be eco-friendly soon after. This study explores the alternative to renewing tonnage taxation by utilizing the Greenship certification and considering the ability-to-pay principle. Because the Greenship certification scheme encourages shipping decarbonization, maritime transport by a certified ocean-going vessel comes to be treated as an activity for the green economy. Special taxation for the green economy may contribute to shipping sustainability and market competitiveness.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive scheme for assessing the importance of multiple microgrids (MGs) network that includes distributed energy resources (DERs), renewable energy systems (RESs), and energy storage system (ESS) facilities. Due to the uncertainty of severe weather, large-scale cascading failures are inevitable in energy networks. making the assessment of the structural vulnerability of the energy network an attractive research theme. This attention has led to the identification of the importance of measuring energy nodes. In multiple MG networks, the energy nodes are regarded as one MG. This paper presents a modified PageRank algorithm to assess the importance of MGs that include multiple DERs and ESS. With the importance rank order list of the multiple MG networks, the core MG (or node) of power production and consumption can be identified. Identifying such an MG is useful in preventing cascading failures by distributing the concentration on the core node, while increasing the effective link connection of the energy flow and energy trade. This scheme can be applied to identify the most profitable MG in the energy trade market so that the deployment operation of the MG connection can be decided to increase the effectiveness of energy usages. By identifying the important MG nodes in the network, it can help improve the resilience and robustness of the power grid system against large-scale cascading failures and other unexpected events. The proposed algorithm can point out which MG node is important in the MGs power grid network and thus, it could prevent the cascading failure by distributing the important MG node's role to other MG nodes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.317-327
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• 2014

This study focuses on developing railway facility charging scheme and more understanding of its corresponding regulations, which is to be utilized as a principal guideline toward a railway competitive market in future. European countries where railway competition is already in place have referred as case studies. The study first defined what the railway facility charges are based upon a spatial concept, railway networks with links and nodes. There are two types of charging: first is on railway tracks which are identical to links, and another at stations which are identical to nodes, such that the railway facility charges become a summation of track charges and station charges covering all the railway networks. Next, we have identified what the objectives of imposing track and station charges are, including factors being able to reflect each objective. 6 objectives are proposed as for the track charges, and 3 objectives as for the station charges. The factors found are accordingly belonged to the objectives. In the end, relevant regulations are compared with the European regime to diagnose what further requirements or/and principals have to be guided into them. In summary, both charging scheme and the direction of regulation updates can be utilized in setting an appropriate charging scheme and corresponding regulations to ensure fair competitions.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.93-99
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• 2015

Purpose - It has been argued that the regulations restricting entry and opening hours of General Super Markets and Super Super Markets have not been as effective as expected. In contrast, the win-win item scheme that appeared recently has the advantage that it could raise the effectiveness of the system in that win-win items are in principle resigned on the basis of bilateral agreements. This study analyzes the win-win item agreement made between Homeplus at Hap-jung and small traditional markets to examine the practical effectiveness of the win-win item scheme. While existing literature studying the regulatory effects have concentrated on the restrictions around store entry or opening hours of large retailers, it can be said that there have been few empirical studies on the effect of win-win items agreement with large retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - Homeplus at Hap-jung made a win-win items agreement with nearby small traditional market traders in 2013. In accordance with this voluntary agreement, Homeplus started by limiting its sales to 15 win-win items. The survey was conducted through one-on-one interviews, April 14 to May 2, 2014, by a professional public opinion research agency. The interviews were targeted at small business retailers in the nearby traditional market. We divided the traditional markets near Homeplus at Hap-jung where the win-win item agreement was achieved into two groups, win-win item agreement markets and non win-win item agreement markets, to compare the performance difference between the two groups. Results - To determine the change in sales of the 15 win-win items, we examined the performance difference between the two groups using two criteria (compared with similar items, and compared to sales volume a year ago). The results show that the individual sales of win-win items in the win-win item agreement markets are more likely to increase than in the non win-win item agreement markets. Total sales volume of individual stores in the agreement markets also showed a more significant increase compared to a year ago than those in non win-win item agreement markets. Conclusions - Contrary to the existing retail regulations that have one-sided and uniform characteristics, it can be pointed out that the win-win item scheme has the effect of increasing the success of the system itself because it is done on the basis of mutual agreement between General Super Markets and traditional markets. The empirical results of this study can be said to support this conjecture. For the successful settlement of a win-win items agreement, the following points should be reviewed. First, it requires a great effort from the selection process of win-win items in order to improve the effectiveness of the agreement. Second, the existing General Super Markets customers should be introduced to the traditional markets or small shops to increase the sales of win-win items. Therefore, voluntary effort is essentially required from the traditional markets to engage customers.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.291-298
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• 2015

It is pretty hard to sell the kids' furniture online because of the characteristics of the consumers that they will like to make purchases after looking at the actual objects and then considering purchasing them. In this paper, we made the scheme to boost the on-line malls of the kids' furniture market by collecting the consumers' intention to buy before purchasing with questionnaire survey, comparing it with the real data of purchasing, and analyzing the differences. We analyzed the visit number of shopping mall, the page number of views, page duration time per visit, and customer's shopping path by using log data from the children's furniture online shopping mall server. In addition, we analyzed where the customer's influx route is among online advertising. We found that there are requirements for the designs, prices, brand names, and practicalities by the consumers purchasing the kids' furniture online. To strengthen competitiveness of the online kids' furniture malls, we proposed that reinforcing the on-line experiences of furniture, the differential strategies for the products, ensuring the fixed customers are needed.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.63-101
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• 2015

Banking and borrowing under the ETS may affect the low carbon technology investment level. If the indirect implementation measures are allowed, firms can gradually adjust their carbon reduction costs between implementation periods based on their carbon reduction costs and emission price forecasts. This implies that banking and borrowing may reduce or increase the level of low carbon technology R&D investment. In an oligopoly market, the effects of the measures are quite different from the ones in a perfectly competitive market. This is because the indirect implementation measures can shift market competition in Cournot competition model. The effects of banking and borrowing on the carbon reduction R&D investments depend on emission reduction costs, marginal production costs, discount rate, initial free allocation, and the cost reduction effects of R&D investment.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.275-292
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• 2013

This paper aims at analyzing the use REITs for improving housing welfare, especially focusing on affordable housing. To do this, firstly, current state and main problems of domestic housing welfare are analyzed, secondly, housing welfare system involving capital market and case study of affordable housing REITs in United State are examined. and thirdly, utilization schemes of REITs for improving affordable housing are analyzed. In the process of executing housing welfare, various systemic bases for attracting capital market are constructed. Under these systemic basis, affordable housing REITs such as Community Development Trust are operated. This scheme also can be applied in Korea. In the context, the structures of using management on commition REITs and the structure of using real estate fund are proposed.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.150-190
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• 2024

This article proposes a framework to elucidate the structural dynamics of the generative AI ecosystem. It also outlines the practical application of this proposed framework through illustrative policies, with a specific emphasis on the development of the Korean generative AI ecosystem and its implications of platform strategies at AI platform-squared. We propose a comprehensive classification scheme within generative AI ecosystems, including app builders, technology partners, app stores, foundational AI models operating as operating systems, cloud services, and chip manufacturers. The market competitiveness for both app builders and technology partners will be highly contingent on their ability to effectively navigate the customer decision journey (CDJ) while offering localized services that fill the gaps left by foundational models. The strategically important platform of platforms in the generative AI ecosystem (i.e., AI platform-squared) is constituted by app stores, foundational AIs as operating systems, and cloud services. A few companies, primarily in the U.S. and China, are projected to dominate this AI platform squared, and consequently, they are likely to become the primary targets of non-market strategies by diverse governments and communities. Korea still has chances in AI platform-squared, but the window of opportunities is narrowing. A cautious approach is necessary when considering potential regulations for domestic large AI models and platforms. Hastily importing foreign regulatory frameworks and non-market strategies, such as those from Europe, could overlook the essential hierarchical structure that our framework underscores. Our study suggests a clear strategic pathway for Korea to emerge as a generative AI powerhouse. As one of the few countries boasting significant companies within the foundational AI models (which need to collaborate with each other) and chip manufacturing sectors, it is vital for Korea to leverage its unique position and strategically penetrate the platform-squared segment-app stores, operating systems, and cloud services. Given the potential network effects and winner-takes-all dynamics in AI platform-squared, this endeavor is of immediate urgency. To facilitate this transition, it is recommended that the government implement promotional policies that strategically nurture these AI platform-squared, rather than restrict them through regulations and stakeholder pressures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2009

This thesis suggests ways for ensuring the safety of domestic autogas (liquefied petroleum gas) vehicles by conducting comparison and analysis on the status of market diffusion and safety management scheme in foreign countries as well as in Korea. According to the result of the survey on the status of domestic autogas safety management, the national scheme to secure the safety of autogas vehicles seems neither well-organized nor sufficiently-controlled. Actually, the gas leakage check-ups conducted for 5,000 autogas cars revealed that about 4 percent of them had leakage problems. As a result, it was acknowledged that the autogas safety regulations being operated in advanced countries need to be selectively introduced for the domestic autogas industry. Consequently, in line with the recent permission to use autogas as a fuel for subcompact cars etc., this thesis is recommending some methods to enhance the safety management scheme for autogas cars such as the amendment of facility regulations including the ventilation of underground parking lots, mandatory attachment of labels claiming autogas cars and indicating periodical inspections etc.