• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.93-93
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• 2017

To develop rice cultivars with increased biomass and grain yield, superior lodging resistance is an essential trait. The new breeding approach can be adopted for the improvement of stem lodging resistance by enhancing culm strength. The resistance to breaking type lodging is attributed to bending moment of basal culm (M), which is composed of the section modulus (SM) and bending stress (BS). The resistance to the bending type lodging is attributed to flexural rigidity (FR) of stem, which is composed of the secondary moment of inertia (SMI) and Young's modulus (YM). Starch and cell wall components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin also play a significant role in physical strength of culm, and thus affect lodging. Leaf Star has a superior lodging resistance due to its thick and stiff culm because of its high M and FR compared with Koshihikari. Furthermore, Leaf Star contains high densities of hemicellulose, cellulose and low lignin density in culm compared with Koshihikari. In this study, we performed QTL analysis for these traits associated with culm strength, using 94 recombinant inbred lines (RILs, $F_8$), derived from a cross between Leaf Star and Koshihikari. The SM in the RILs showed a continuous distribution. QTLs for SM were detected on chrs.2, 3 and 10. Leaf Star alleles increased SM on chrs. 2 and 3, but Koshihikari allele increased on chr.10. These QTLs overlapped with those QTLs identified using backcrossed inbred line derived from a cross between Chugoku 117 and Koshihikari, the parents of Leaf Star. The FR in Leaf Star was higher than that in Koshihikari due to the larger SMI and YM. 3 QTLs for SMI were detected on chrs.2, 3 and 10. Leaf Star alleles increased SMI on chrs.2 and 3, and Koshihikari alleles increased on chr.10. One QTL on chr.3 and two QTLs on chr.5 for hollocelulose content were detected with Leaf Star alleles contribution. Moreover, two QTLs were detected for hemicellulose density on chrs.3 and 5. Leaf Star allele increased hemicellulose density on chr.5, and Koshihikari allele increased on chr.3. Furthermore, two QTLs for cellulose density were detected on chr.5, and one QTL on chr.2. For starch content, one QTL on chr.3 and two QTLs on chr.5 with Leaf Star alleles contribution were detected. TULK-6 carrying a chromosome segment of Leaf Star on chr.5 in the Koshihikari genetic background showed higher densities of starch and hemicellulose than those in Koshihikari. These results suggest that the detected QTLs for culm strength could be utilized for the improvement of lodging resistance in rice by marker-assisted selection.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.286-293
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• 2012

고추에 있어서 Tobamovirus 저항성은 고추 염색체 11번 긴 팔 끝부분에 위치한 L 유전자좌의 다섯 개 대립유전자($L^0$, $L^1$, $L^2$, $L^3$, and $L^4$)에 의해 조절된다고 알려져 있다. 표현형 분석 없이 L 대립유전자를 구분할 수 있는 분자표지를 개발하기 위해서 다섯 개의 고추 판별 계통{Capsicum annuum Early California Wonder(ECW, $L^0L^0$), C. annuum Tisana($L^1L^1$), C. annuum Criollo de Morelos 334(CM334,$L^2L^2$), Capsicum chinense PI 159236($L^3L^3$), and Capsicum chacoense PI 260429($L^4L^4$)}을 식물재료로 사용하였다. 대립유전자 특이적 분자표지는 고추 판별 계통에 대해 $L^3$ 연관 분자표지(189D23M, A339, and 253A1R)와 BAC 염기서열(FJ597539 and FJ597541)의 PCR 증폭산물 염기서열을 비교 분석하여 개발되었다. 총 53개의 상용 고추 품종 중 48개에서 분자표지에 의한 추정 유전자형과 Tobamovirus{Tobacco mosaic virus(pathotype 0, $P_0$), Tomato mosaicvirus($P_1$), and Pepper mild mottle virus($P_{1,2}$)} 접종 표현형과 일치했다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 개발된 분자표지는 고추 육종에 있어서 TMV 저항성 도입에 필요한 선발마커로 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1529-1539
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• 2012

A whole genome association (WGA) study was performed to detect significant polymorphisms for meat quality traits in an $F_2$ cross population (N = 478) that were generated with Korean native pig sires and Landrace dams in National Livestock Research Institute, Songwhan, Korea. The animals were genotyped using Illumina porcine 60k SNP beadchips, in which a set of 46,865 SNPs were available for the WGA analyses on ten carcass quality traits; live weight, crude protein, crude lipids, crude ash, water holding capacity, drip loss, shear force, CIE L, CIE a and CIE b. Phenotypes were regressed on additive and dominance effects for each SNP using a simple linear regression model, after adjusting for sex, sire and slaughter stage as fixed effects. With the significant SNPs for each trait (p<0.001), a stepwise regression procedure was applied to determine the best set of SNPs with the additive and/or dominance effects. A total of 106 SNPs, or quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected, and about 32 to 66% of the total phenotypic variation was explained by the significant SNPs for each trait. The QTL were identified in most porcine chromosomes (SSCs), in which majority of the QTL were detected in SSCs 1, 2, 12, 13, 14 and 16. Several QTL clusters were identified on SSCs 12, 16 and 17, and a cluster of QTL influencing crude protein, crude lipid, drip loss, shear force, CIE a and CIE b were located between 20 and 29 Mb of SSC12. A pleiotropic QTL for drip loss, CIE L and CIE b was also detected on SSC16. These QTL need to be validated in commercial pig populations for genetic improvement in meat quality via marker-assisted selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2011

A whole genome association (WGA) study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body conformation traits in Hanwoo cattle. The phenotypes of 497 steers were recorded from the Hanwoo Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Seosan, Korea, and analyzed using the Illumina Bovine 50 k SNP chip. A set of 35,987 SNPs that were available in the Hanwoo population was selected from the chip. After adjustments for the effects of year-season of birth, region and sire, phenotypes were regressed on each SNP using a linear regression model. Three hundred nineteen SNPs were detected for the ten conformation traits (p<0.003). For the significant SNPs, stepwise regression procedures were applied to determine best sets of markers. A total of 72 SNPs were selected (p<0.001), for which the sets of 5, 9, 10, 9, 8, 11, 4, 6, 3 and 7 SNPs were determined for height at withers, rump height, body length, chest depth, chest width, rump length, hip width, thurl width, pinbone width and heart girth, respectively. About 7-26% of the total phenotypic variation was explained by the set of SNPs for each trait. QTL for the conformation traits were harbored on most bovine chromosomes (BTAs). Four SNPs with pleiotropic effects on height at withers and rump height were detected on BTAs 3, 4, 6 and 16. A SNP with pleiotropic effects on chest width and rump length was also detected on BTA10. Two QTL regions, i.e. between 87 and 97 Mb in BTA3 and between 41 and 44 Mb in BTA7, were found, in which SNPs were detected for the five and three conformation traits, respectively. The detected SNPs need to be validated in other Hanwoo populations for commercial application to the genetic improvement of conformation characteristics in Hanwoo via marker-assisted selection (MAS).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1725-1731
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• 2020

Objective: An initial RNA-Sequencing study revealed that UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) was one of the most promising candidates for milk protein concentration in Chinese Holstein cattle. This enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose, an important step in galactose catabolism. To further validate the genetic effect of GALE on milk protein traits, genetic variations were identified, and genotypes-phenotypes associations were performed. Methods: The entire coding region and the 5'-regulatory region (5'-UTR) of GALE were re-sequenced using pooled DNA of 17 unrelated sires. Association studies for five milk production traits were performed using a mixed linear animal model with a population encompassing 1,027 Chinese Holstein cows. Results: A total of three variants in GALE were identified, including two novel variants (g.2114 A>G and g.2037 G>A) in the 5'-UTR and one previously reported variant (g.3836 G>C) in an intron. All three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with milk yield (p<0.0001), fat yield (p = 0.0006 to <0.0001), protein yield (p = 0.0232 to <0.0001) and protein percentage (p<0.0001), while no significant associations were detected between the SNPs and fat percentage. A strong linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.96 to 1.00) was observed among all three SNPs, and a 5 Kb haplotype block involving three main haplotypes with GAG, AGC, and AGG was formed. The results of haplotype association analyses were consistent with the results of single locus association analysis (p<0.0001). The phenotypic variance ratio above 3.00% was observed for milk protein yield that was explained by SNP-g.3836G >C. Conclusion: Overall, our findings provided new insights into the polymorphic variations in bovine GALE gene and their associations with milk protein concentration. The data indicate their potential uses for marker-assisted breeding or genetic selection schemes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.480-488
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• 2018

Objective: Average daily gain (ADG) is an important target trait of pig breeding programs. We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions that are associated with ADG in the Duroc pig population. Methods: We performed a genome-wide association study involving 390 Duroc boars and by using the PorcineSNP60K Beadchip and two linear models. Results: After quality control, we detected 3,5971 SNPs, which included seven SNPs that are significantly associated with the ADG of pigs. We identified six quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for ADG. These QTLs included four previously reported QTLs on Sus scrofa chromosome (SSC) 1, SSC5, SSC9, and SSC13, as well as two novel QTLs on SSC6 and SSC16. In addition, we selected six candidate genes (general transcription factor 3C polypeptide 5, high mobility group AT-hook 2, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1, pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G4B, and ENSSSCG00000031548) associated with ADG on the basis of their physiological roles and positional information. These candidate genes are involved in skeletal muscle cell differentiation, diet-induced obesity, and nervous system development. Conclusion: This study contributes to the identification of the casual mutation that underlies QTLs associated with ADG and to future pig breeding programs based on marker-assisted selection. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of the identified candidate genes in the physiological processes involved in ADG regulation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2016

Development of disease resistant plant is one of the important objectives in rice breeding programs because biotic stresses can adversely affect rice growth and yield losses. This study was conducted to identify lines with multiple-resistance genes to biotic stress among 173 hybrid rice breeding lines and germplasms using DNA-based markers. Our results showed that one hybrid rice line [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-3 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66)] possessed 5 bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, Xa7, Xa13 and Xa21) while two hybrid rice lines [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-2 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66) and 7292s (IR75589-31-27-8-33S(S1)/IR102758B)] possessed 3 bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, Xa7 and Xa21, and Xa3, Xa4 and xa5). Molecular survey on rice blast disease revealed that most of these lines had two different resistant genes. Only 11 lines possessed Pib, Pi-5, and Pi-ta. In addition, we further surveyed the distribution of insect resistant genes, such as Bph1, Bph18(t), and Wbph. Three hybrid breeding lines [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-3 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66), IR98161-2-1-1-k1-2 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66), and 7292s (IR75589-31-27-8-33S(S1) /IR102758B)] contained all three resistance genes. Finally, we obtained four hybrid rice breeding lines and germplasms [IR98161-2-1-1-k1-2 (IR86409-3-1-1-1-1-1/IRBB66), Damm-Noeub Khmau, 7290s, and 7292s (IR75589-31-27-8-33S(S1)/IR102758B)] possessing six-gene combination. They are expected to provide higher level of multiple resistance to biotic stress. This study is important for genotyping hybrid rice with resistance to diverse diseases and pests. Results obtained in this study suggest that identification of pyramided resistance genes is very important for screening hybrid rice breeding lines and germplasms accurately for disease and pest resistance. We will expand their cultivation safely through bioassays against diseases, pests, and disaster in its main export countries.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.949-955
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• 2019

Objective: The present study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms in exon-9 of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1B (BMPR-1B) gene (C864T) with litter size in 240 Dorset, 232 Mongolian, and 124 Small Tail Han ewes. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 596 ewes and genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol: chloroform extraction method. The 304-bp amplified polymerase chain reaction product was analyzed for polymorphism by single-strand conformation polymorphism method. The genotypic frequency and allele frequency of BMPR-1B gene exon-9 were computed after sequence alignment. The ${\chi}^2$ independence test was used to analyze the association of genotypic frequency and litter size traits with in each ewe breed, where the phenotype was directly treated as category. Results: The results indicated two different banding patterns AA and AB for this fragment, with the most frequent genotype and allele of AA and A. Calculated Chi-square test for BMPR-1B gene exon-9 was found to be more than that of p value at the 5% level of significance, indicating that the population under study was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all ewes. The ${\chi}^2$ independence test analyses indicated litter size differences between genotypes was not the same for each breed. The 304-bp nucleotide sequence was subjected to BLAST analysis, and the C864T mutation significantly affected litter size in singletons, twins and multiples. The heterozygosity in exon-9 of BMPR-1B gene could increase litter size for all the studied ewes. Conclusion: Consequently, it appears that the polymorphism BMPR-1B gene exon-9 detected in this study may have potential use in marker assisted selection for litter size in Dorset, Mongolian, and Small Tail Han ewes.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.314-326
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• 2020

본 연구는 유전자의 확대와 집적을 통해 벼 흰잎마름병균 K3a에 대응하는 저항성 계통을 육성하였고 육성계통에 대한 육종과정, 병 저항성반응을 분석하여 저항성 계통의 기초자료와 재배 효과를 제공하여 우수한 벼 흰잎마름병 저항성 품종 개발에 활용하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 벼 흰잎마름병 저항성 Xa3 유전자를 가지고 있는 중만생 자포니카 품종 황금누리를 반복친으로, Xa21 유전자를 가진 중만생 인디카 근동질유전자계통 IRBB21을 수여친으로 인공교배 후 3번 여교배하여 ABLs21을 얻었다. 생물검정과 분자표지검정을 활용하여 저항성 유전자 Xa3, Xa21이 집적을 확인하였다. ABLs21이 보유한 저항성 유전자는 분자표지 9643.T4 (Xa3), U1/I1 (Xa21)로 PCR 한 결과 모두 증폭되어 저항성 유전자를 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. ABLs21과 모부본의 벼 흰잎마름병 레이스에 대한 저항성 반응은 황금누리, IRBB3가 K1, K2, K3 레이스에 저항성 반응을 보였지만 K3a, K4, K5에는 감수성 반응을 나타냈다. IRBB21은 K1에 감수성 반응이었고 K2~K5에는 저항성 반응이었다. K3a 레이스 균주 접종 시 유묘단계에서 황금누리, IRBB21, ABL21-1, 분얼단계에서 황금누리, IRBB21, 성체단계에서 황금누리가 감수성 반응이었다. ABL21-1은 분얼단계에서 중도저항성을, 성체단계에서 저항성 반응을 나타냈다. K3a 레이스 18개 균주 접종 결과 ABL21-1은 각각의 수여친보다 병반길이와 표준편차가 작아 안정적인 저항성을 보여주었다. 18개 균주 각각의 반복간 병반길이의 유의차는 없어 균주의 병원성은 안정적이었으며 군집분석 결과 HB4032 균주의 병원력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. ABLs21의 분자표지 다형성은 63.2%이며 평균 86.1 cM의 염색체단편이 이입되었다. ABLs21의 Xa21 유전자 부위로 추정되는 곳에 수여친의 염색체단편 이입이 일어났다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2012

작물의 구조와 기능을 이해하려는 과학적 탐구심과 이를 작물 육종에 적용하려는 실험적 노력의 일환으로 다양한 작물에서 유전자 지도가 개발되었다. 특히, 배추과 작물의 경우 모델식물인 애기장대의 유전체 정보가 공개된 이후 다양한 정보 (염기서열 정보, 유전자 구조 및 기능정보 등)의 이용이 가능해져 유전자 지도 작성이 가속화 되었으며 이는 최근 $B.$ $rapa$ A genome (배추)유전체 해독이라는 결과를 가져왔다. 배추과 작물의 유전자 지도 작성에 있어서 초기에는 RFLP 마커들이 사용되었으나 이후 분자마커, 즉, RAPD, AFLP, SSR 등과 같이 비교적 사용이 간단하고 시간적 제약이 없는 PCR 마커의 형태로 점차 바뀌었다. 배추과 작물의 경제적, 학문적 가치가 고려되어 $B.$ $rapa$ (배추)를 표준재료로 A genome 유전체 염기서열 해독이라는 목표로 다국적 유전체 프로젝트가 결성되었고 2011년 국내연구진이 주도적으로 참여한 국제 컨소시엄 (BrGSPC, $B.$ $rapa$ Genome Sequencing Project Consortium)에 의해 배추 (10개 염색체)의 유전자 영역(gene space), 약 98% (83.8 Mb)의 염기서열이 해독되어 발표되었다. 유전체 해독 과정에서 축적된 염기서열 정보는 대량의 SSR, SNP, IBP 마커의 개발을 가능하게 하였고 이들 마커는 $B.$ $rapa$ A genome 유전자 지도와 물리 지도 작성에 이용되어 이후 배추과 작물연구 전반에 널리 적용되고 있다. 대량의 분자마커 개발은 유전자 지도 작성을 가속화하여 더욱 정밀한 유전자 지도를 가능하게 하였고 공통의 분자마커 정보는 애기장대와 배추과 작물 간 비교유전체 연구를 통해 농업적 우수 형질의 클로닝, 마커도움선발 (MAS)등의 방법으로 분자육종의 기반을 제공하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라. 최근 등장한 NGS 유전체 해독 기술로 생산된 대량의 정보는 분자육종 실현 가능성을 높여 분자육종 실용화에 박차를 가하는 계기가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 $B.$ $rapa$에서 분자마커를 이용한 유전자 지도 개발의 과정과 농업적 유용형질 탐색을 위한 양적 형질 유전자좌 (QTLs)의 연구 현황에 대하여 알아보고 유전체연구에서 유전자 지도의 중요성과 육종에의 응용에 대하여 서술하였다. 또한 다양한 유전체 정보와 오믹스 정보를 국내 배추과 분자육종에 효율적으로 활용하여 분자육종 실용화를 가능하게 하기 위해 사용자가 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 데이터베이스를 구축함으로서 연구자와 육종가 간의 간격을 좁히고 원활한 정보교환의 필요성을 제기하였다.