• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.132-140
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• 2006

This investigation into unfermented soybeans, which were left from the soybeans used to make cheongguk-jang, was conducted to find out its availability of the application to the environmental-friendly fertilizers. The test of cultivating lettuce, using 1/5000a Wagner pot, was carried out inside the affiliated farm glasshouse, belonged to University of Chung-Nam National. The results showed that in the category of leaf length, the control and cheongguk-jang soybeans treatment plot had similar outcomes and in the category of the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybeans, it increased by about 26~33%. And in the categories of width and number of leaves it showed that the extract treatment increased by about 9~20%, in compared to the control. Finally, in the category of fresh weight, the results showed that cheongguk-jang soybean and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean effectively increased by about 9~27%, and that pig manure compost treatment plot with the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean also significantly increased by about 26%, compared to the control. Accordingly, the unfermented soybean left in the production of cheongguk-jang and the extract of the cheongguk-jang soybean are considerably appeared to be valuable environmental-friendly fertilizers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.453-462
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• 2000

This study was carried out to know the effect of urea addition for composting of paper mill sludge(PMS). For the purpose. PMSs containing 0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 6% urea were composted at aerated static pile(ASP) for about 80day periods. During the composting, the basic physical, chemical, and biological parameters such as temperature, color. C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity, and phytotoxic test were investigated. From the measurement of the parameters, 0~3% urea-containing PMS except for 6% urea-containing PMS showed to be normally stabilized. Thus among these treatments, 0% and 3% urea-containing PMS were applied at agitated bed system(ABS), a pilot plant of a large scale, to evaluate the possibility of practical use. Considering to the changes of the parameters investigated during composting in ASP and ABS, PMS showed to be successfully stabilized in the two facilities. However, when composted with PMS and urea, even the final PMS compost stabilized for a period enough brought out the bright grayish color. So it may be necessary to add a subsidiary amendments such as animal manure to form brown-colored products.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of application levels of swine waste and chemical fertilizer on productivity of corn and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in Lysimeter containing sandy loam soil. Main Plots were consisted of two types of swine waste, such as swine slurry(SS) and compost of swine manure fermented with sawdust(CSMFS), and chemical fertilizer(CF) and the subplots were consisted of application levels of N-fertilezer, such as 100kgN/ha, 200kgN/ha and 400kgN/ha. Lysimeters were constructed with 1m depth, 30cm diameter. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Dry matter(DM) yield of com enhanced as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. DM yield reveals that there is an increase in order CS > SS > CSMFS. 2. Nitrogen contents of the whole corn enhanced as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. Nitrogen content reveals that there is an increase in order CS > SS > CSMFS. 3. $NO_3^{-}$ and P contents in the leaching water increased as increased application levels of SS, CSMFS and CF. $NO_3^{-}$ content was highly elevated in the concentrated rainy season in the experimental early stage. However, P content was affected with the rainfall. The maximum $NO_3^{-}$ and P contents in the leaching water were 14.8ppm and 0.26ppm, respectively.ively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2011

Soil fertility different depend on application rate of manure and compost for many years. While each crop has different adaptability depend on soil fertility, crop and species or varieties should be chosen depending on the adaptability and productivity. These experiments were carried out to compare the five winter cereal crops for whole crop silage on growth, yield and feed value as affected by soil organic content. The rate of increase on no. of spikes at high fertile soil compared with medium fertile soil was sequently high Samhan (Oat's variety) > Cheongwoo (Wheat) > Gogu (Rye) > Youngyang (Barley) > Shinyoung (Triticale). The rate of decrease at low fertile soil compared with medium fertile soil was sequently high Youngyang > Gogu > Cheongwoo > Shinyoung > Samhan. The triticale was lower variation of no. of spikes as affected by soil organic content than that of other winter cereals. The variations of dry matter yield as affected by soil fertility was higher oat and barley and lower triticale. Forage yield of triticale was higher about 69 percent than that of barley at low fertile soil. Forage yield was the highest in triticale and the lowest in rye in all soil fertility. In high fertile soil, rate of increasing digestible dry matter (DDM) yield compared with medium fertile was high in Samhan and Youngyang. Rate of reduced DDM yield in low fertile soil compared with medium fertile was low in Shinyoung and Cheongwoo.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2001

To increase the utilization of soil survey results, classification of morphological types of paddy soils which was consisted of land-form, texture, and drainage classes etc. was attempted as an interpretive classification system. The paddy soils could be classified into 37 types. Among the types, the "Lfi(Fine loamy textured semi-wet paddy on local valley and fans)" acreage of about 224 thousand ha, "Lfd(Fine loamy textured dry paddy on local valley and fans)" 160 thousand ha. "Lmi(Coarse loamy textured semi-wet paddy on local valley and fans)" 112 thousand ha, and "Lkd(Loamy skeletal dry paddy on local valley and fans)" 93 thousand ha, respectively were the dominant types. The possibility of double cropping, plastic film house, green manure cropping etc., and that for soil managements such as application of raw straw or compost, deep plowing or adding fine earth materials, mole drainage, susceptibility to erosion or reduction injury etc. for each types were recommended.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2013

This study was carried out to evaluate the soil dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C with soil type and land use in cropland of JeJu region. Soil chemical properties, dehydrogenase activity, and microbial biomass C were analyzed after sampling from upland (50 sites), orchard (50 sites), paddy (30 sites), horticultural facility (30 sites) in March. Average pH values was at 6.3 in upland soil, however soil chemical properties showed a large spatial variations in both orchard and horticultural facility soil. The Zn and Cu contents increased by the continuous application of pig manure compost in some citrus orchard soil. Soil dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass C were higher in non-volcanic ash than in volcanic ash soil regardless of land use type. Soil dehydrogenase activity was two to four times higher in upland than in the others. It was at 38.7 ug TPF $24^{h-1}g^{-1}$ in non-volcanic ash of upland soil. Microbial biomass C content was very high in horticultural facility soil and it showed at 216.8 $mg\;kg^{-1}$ in non-volcanic ash. Soil dehydrogenase activity showed a positive correlation with organic matter ($r^2$=0.59), Zn ($r^2$=0.65), and Cu ($r^2$=0.66) in non-volcanic ash horticultural facility soil. There was a negative correlation ($r^2$=0.57) between soil organic matter and dehydrogenase activity in volcanic ash upland soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects on plant growth, soil chemical properties and microbial flora with microbial fertilizer to chinese cabbage cultivation. The plant growth was promoted and the yield increased by application of Tian Li Bao(TLB) microbial fertilizer as compared with the control. However, yield a littler decreased in case of the reduced amount of urea application as a top dressing and half of compost chicken manure as a basial fertilizer even if treated with TLB microbial fertilizer. Organic matter and total nitrogen contents decreased as compared to those in the control, and total nitrogen ranged in 0.76~1.44% in the treatments at harvesting time, and decreased with application of TLB microbial fertilizer compared to that of the control. The available phosphorus content in the field before experiment was 559ppm, but it was 755ppm and 653 in the control and treatments at harvesting time, respectively. Therefore, it was shown that phosphorus content in the treatment was lower than that of the control. On the other hand, total nitrogen, phosphorous and K ranged from 2.62 to 2.94%, from 1.48 to 1.55% and from 3.60 to 4.38% in plants after harvest, respectively. There were no significant differences among the treatments. For the soil microbial flora, the population of bacteria in the treatments decreased with application of microbial fertilizer as compared with the control over all cultivation periods. It was shown that the population of pseudomonas spp. was over 3 times higher than that of the control after harvesting. The population of actinomycetes didn't show difference among the treatments, but high density of fungi after harvesting were observed in the treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.523-531
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to derive priorities and implications for the organic resource conservation policy in the livestock sector. We conducted a survey on the importance-performance of the organic waste resource reclamation of livestock sector using a 5-point Likert scale. The importance average for the resource recycling of livestock organic waste was 3.63 and the average of performance was 3.04. As a result of the IPA on livestock manure recycling measures, it is necessary to improve feed quality, establish a local recycling system, increase demand for compost and liquid, enhance customer linkages, and develop cost reduction technologies. It requires intensive support for promoting the spread of odor reduction technologies and integrated management of biomass. It is necessary to introduce mid- and long-term measures such as the revival of feed in tariff, promote by-product feeding, establish solid fuel process management standards, create hygiene safety standards, develop eco-beads and promotion of feed conversion. It is required to strengthen support for the development of odor reduction technologies and prepare consultative organizations among related departments, develop eco-friendly solid fuel technology, and support policies for renewable energy certification.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the field application of the developed recommendation system in organic rice (Oriza sativa L.) paddy and to investigate the mineral nitrogen content in soil and rice productivity. According to the developed system, hairy vetch (HV), rye+rapeseed oil cake (R+OC), rapeseed oil cake (OC) for only basal fertilization (OC-B), OC for split application (OC-S), pig manure compost (PMC), and chemical fertilizer (CHM) were applied to paddy soil at the rate of 107~133 kg N/ha. Results were followed, unhulled rice yield of OC-S (111%), OC-B (110), R+OC (106), HV (101), and PMC (96) were no significantly different with CHM (100). Also there was positive correlation (R²=0.803^*) between unhulled rice yield and cumulative inorganic N in soil. For nitrogen use efficiency of rice, OC-B, OC-S, and R+OC were not significantly different with CHM. In conclusions, the developed organic materials use recommendation system was effective for organic rice productivity. It could be useful for organic farmer to apply the organic materials use recommendation system for rice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reduction effect of microbially activated peat on odor generated by livestock farms. The odor gas was measured by stirring the livestock manure sample with the existing litter and the microbially activated peat (Healtha Peat) was developed by this research team. In outdoor farm experiment, the measurements were performed by comparing broilers farm using rice husks and microbially activated peat as litter. The weight, mortality, shipment date, and odor levels (NH₃) were measured before and after experiment. The result showed that NH₃ levels were reduced by 100% in the Healtha Peat mixed group, Healtha Peat and rice husks mixed group. In the peat mixed group, Healtha Peat and saw dust mixed group showed reduce value at 99.6% and 99.1%, respectively. However the rice husks mixed group and saw dust mixed group showed a relatively weak NH₃ reduction effect with values of 57.5% and 84.8%, respectively. After 3 months, the Healtha Peat mixed group and Healtha Peat and rice husks mixed group showed the highest NH₃ reduction effect persistence. In the outdoor farm experiment, NH₃ was present in farms using rice husks, but not in farms using Healtha Peat. In farms using Healtha Peat, the mortality and NH₃ were reduced by 75% and >90%, respectively. The average body weight increased 18% and resulted to 10% decrease in the shipping date. These results implied that microbially activated peat has a clear effect on farm NH₃ reduction and affects the productivity of farm animals.