• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2007

To investigate the applicability as the functional food materials of germinated Glycine max Merr soybeans, its biochemical characteristics and its abilities to inhibit platelet aggregation and hydrolyze alcohol were examined. With the progression of germination time, crude protein content gradually increased, and on the 5th day of germination it was 30.19%. However, crude fat content tended to decrease, and on the 5th day of germination it was 14.30%. Total amino acid content was highest on the 3rd day of germination at 80,875 mg%. The free amino acid content doubled from day 0 of germination (1,273.35 mg%) until the 5th day of germination (2,742.99 mg%). Fatty acid analysis revealed that linoleic acid was highest among all the samples, ranging from $53.55{\sim}56.00%$. Linolenic acid content slightly increased as the germination period was prolonged. The ability to inhibit platelet aggregation increased according to the germination period and then decreased again on the 5th day of germination; it was somewhat higher in the ethanol fraction. In measuring ADH, we found that the activity of the ethanol fraction increased with increasing days of germination. In the case of the water fraction, the activity decreased as germination was prolonged, and the ADH activity of the water fraction was higher than that of the ethanol fraction. Based on the above results, we deemed that the Glycine max Merr soybeans germinated for $2{\sim}3$ days were most pertinent for use as functional food materials.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.305-315
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• 2014

It is important to predict and measure the combat effectiveness (CE) of weapons system in battlefield for acquiring efficient weapon system. Moreover, quantitative calculation of weapon effectiveness under complicated and uncertain battlefield environment is also difficult based on the future network centric warfare. Many papers used the term of combat effectiveness and tried to study a lot of related issues about it. However, there is no paper dealing with the classification of study issue about CE and what will happen in this study field. In this paper, we proposed how to classify the study issue about CE and forecast future direction of this study field. Conceptually, CE is nothing but the assessment results to measure the ability of a military weapon system to accomplish its objective. We believe that it is an appropriate time to review the literature extensively on CE analysis because the research interests and the papers of CE are rapidly growing in these days. This paper reviewed many CE analysis papers, classified them according to their research content and the research methodology applied. Additionally, a comprehensive list of future research areas is also given.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

When man first walked on this planet, injury must have been a close encounter of the first kind. The outbreak of World War I, during a period of rapid scientific growth in the basic sciences, demonstrated the need to develop better methods of care for the wounded, methods that were later applicable to the civilian population. Trauma is a multisystem disease and, as such, benefits from almost any advance in medical science. As we learn more about the physiology and the biochemistry of various organ systems, we can provide better management for trauma victims. Improved imaging techniques, better appreciation of physiologic tolerance, and increased understanding of the side effects of specific surgical procedures have combined to reduce operative intervention as a component of trauma patient care. On the other hand, because of this rapid development of medical science, only a few doctors still have the ability to treat multisystem injuries because almost doctor has his or her specialty, which means a doctor tends to see only patients with diagnoses in the doctor's specialty. Trauma Surgeons are physicians who have completed the typical general surgery residency and who usually continue with a one to two year fellowship leading to additional board certification in Surgical Critical Care. It is important to note that trauma surgeons do not need to do all kinds of operations, such as neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery. Trauma surgeons are not only a surgeon but also general medical practitioners who are very good at critical care and coordination of patient. In order to achieve the best patient outcomes, trauma surgeons should be involved in prehospital Emergency Medical Services, the Trauma Resuscitation Room, the Operating Room, the Surgical Intensive Care and Trauma Unit, the Trauma Ward, the Rehabilitation Department, and the Trauma Outpatient Clinic. In conclusion, according to worldwide experience and research, the trauma surgeon is the key factor in the trauma care system, so the trauma surgeon should receive strong support to accomplish his or her role successfully.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

The context of innovation in which we evolve today, subtracts us in a spacial reality and virtuality (digital) that aimed less and less to interact with natural processes which could converge to new possible relationships in the world. We constantly live in presence of fluctuations and imperceptible natural energies (wind, solar radiation, etc.) defined by flows, their own physicality, which remains without being virtual, elusive. This study first outlines how these energies already exploited within the framework of production, could be thought as interactive of our habitat's space dimension, as a prolongation of a physical and material environment built by men and for men, giving rise to new social, cultural dynamics, and making natural complexity of our space vivid, comprehensible with new visual and physical clues. In recent days, where lifestyles are changing, architecture no longer needs to limit its scope of creation to only built structures. Based on a deeper understanding of human and through new potential advanced technologies (kinetic system, etc), it is time to fundamentally diagnose what environments or devices contribute to our lives. Architecture becomes ${\ll}interface{\gg}$, step up its fundamental role, and newly defines the sturdy image and tectonics of existing environment, establishing a stance to search for a new typology. In the end, building will show two simultaneous and distinctive connections related to its physical existence: reality in its function and irreductibility, in its ability to forge new dynamic connections with its environment, hybridizing the spatial dimension to a new form of physicality, adaptive and incessantly flexible in the dimension time, becoming a vessel for ever changing contemporary lifestyles.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

The Platelet Function Analyzer (PFA)$^{(R)}$-100 measures the ability of platelets activated in a high-shear environment to occlude an aperture in a membrane treated with collagen and epinephrine (CEPI) or collagen and ADP (CADP). The time taken for the flow across the membrane to stop (closure time, CT) is recorded. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of the PFA$^{(R)}$-100 as a primary clinical screening tool using the wide spectrum of clinical samples assessed for platelet function as well as to perform the optimal algorithm for the use of PFA$^{(R)}$-100. We established the reference interval in 460 hospital inpatients defined as having normal platelet function based on classical laboratory tests. The reference interval by using the range $5^{th}$ and $95^{th}$ percentile was 84~251 seconds for males CEPI-CT and 85~249 seconds for females CEPI-CT. A total of 1,200 inpatients were enrolled to identify impaired hemostasis before surgical interventions. The abnormal group showing prolonged CEPI-CT was 303 cases (18.9%). Only 3 cases had both abnormal CEPI-CT and CADP-CT. Several factors including sample errors, drugs, hematologic abnoralities were contributed to unexpected prolonged CEPI-CT for screening test. The von Willebrand factor (vWF:Ag) assay was performed only in one patient to verify the algorithm for the use of PFA$^{(R)}$-100. The PFA$^{(R)}$-100 was sensitive and rapid method for primary screening test of platelet dysfunction, so we can substitute it for the bleeding time in routine clinical practice.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.437-442
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• 2014

Recently, the needs for the development and application of the micro marine robot (MMR) which has the advantages in terms of size and cost are increasing. However, the basis is very short in the domestic. While the obstacle avoidance sonar (OAS) which was optimized in terms of size and performance and has the ability of 4-directional detection was developed for the obstacle avoidance of the micro surface robot (MSR) fortunately, the problem that the detection performance is degraded according to the shape of the obstacle because of using the fixed sonar-beam with the limited beam width and detection range exists. To solve this problem, the MSR mechanism that implements the rotating sonar-beam using the spur gear and the servo motor is proposed in this paper. To verify the performance of the proposed mechanism, the wall-tracking of the MSR is considered and the comparison and analysis in term of detection performance and actuation command is performed with conventional fixed sonar-beam. The test results show the validity of the proposed mechanism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.687-694
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• 1998

Enzyme electrophoresis was used to estimate genetic diversity and population structure of Chimaphila japonica Miq. in Korea. The percent of polymorphic loci within the enzymes was 48.7%. Genetic diversity at the species level and at the population level was high (Hes=0.278 ; Hep=0.222, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low ( $G_{ST}$ =0.079). $F_{IS}$ , a measure of the deviation from random mating within the 7 populations, was 0.355. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=2.61) indicates that gene flow is high among Korean populations of the species. In addition, analysis of fixation indices revealed a substantial heterozygosity deficiency in some populations and at some loci. Factors contributing to the high levels of genetic dive-rsity found in the entire species of C. japonica include wide distribution, long-lived perennials, ability to regenerate due to rhizomatous spread, outcrossing induced by animal vectors, and occasional pollen dispersal by wind.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

REOviruses (Respiratory Enteric Orphan viruses) are ubiquitous, non-enveloped viruses containing 10 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as their genome. They are common isolates of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of humans but are not associated with severe disease and are therefore considered relatively benign. An intriguing characteristic of reovirus is its innate oncolytic potential, which is linked to the transformed state of the cell. When immortalized cells are transfected in vitro with activated oncogenes such as Ras, Sos, v-erbB, or c-myc, they became susceptible to reovirus infection and subsequent cellular lysis, indicating that oncogene signaling pathways are exploited by reovirus. This observation has led to the use of the virus in clinical trials as an anti-cancer agent against oncogenic tumors. In addition to the exploitation of oncogene signaling, reovirus may further utilize host immune responses to enhance its antitumor activity in vivo due to its innate interferon induction ability. Reovirus is, however, not entirely benign to immunocompromised animal models. Reovirus causes so-called "black feet syndrome" in immunodeficient mice and can also harm neonatal animals. Because cancer patients often undergo immunosuppression due to heavy chemo/radiation-treatments or advanced tumor progression, this pathogenic response may be a hurdle in virus-based anticancer therapies. However, a genetically attenuated reovirus variant derived from persistent reovirus infection of cells in vitro is able to exert potent anti-tumor activity with significantly reduced viral pathogenesis in immunocompromised animals. Importantly, in this instance the attenuated, reovirus maintains its oncolytic potential while significantly reducing viral pathogenesis in vivo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.283-292
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• 2008

The foremost criterion in the design of a Satellite Launch Vehicle(SLV) is its performance capability to boost the designated payload to the desired mission orbit; it starts from focusing on the SLV configuration to achieve the velocity requirements($}\Delta}V$) for the mission. In this paper we review an analytical approach which is suitable enough for preliminary conceptual design and is used previously to optimize stage configurations for Two Stage to Orbit SLV for Low Earth Orbit(LEO) Missions; we have extended this approach to Three Stage to Orbit SLV and compared different propellant options for the mission. The objective is to minimize the Gross Lift off Weight(GLOW). The primary performance figures of merit were the total inert weight of the SLV and the payload weight that the SLV could lift into LEO, given candidate propulsion systems. The optimization is achieved by configuring the $}\Delta}V$ between stages. A comparison of configurations of single-stage and multi-stage SLVs is made for different propellants. Based upon the optimized stage configurations a comparative performance analysis is made between Liquid and Solid fueled SLV. A 3 degree of freedom trajectory-analysis program is modeled in SIMULINK and used to conduct the performance analysis. Furthermore, a cost analysis is performed on our stage optimized SLVs. The cost estimation relationships(CER) used give us a comparison of development and fabrication costs for the Liquid vs. Solid fueled SLV in man years. The pros and cons of the production, operation ability, performance, responsiveness, logistics, price, shelf life, storage etc of both Solid and Liquid fueled SLVs are discussed. The statistics and data are used from existing or historical(real) SLV stages.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-30
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• 2007

Accidents occur frequently and that the date of the emergency situation and the people a good quality of life to actively respond to the emergency scene in the line of business activities and given their lives silently. 1st EMT's is currently the most jobs in the ability to work within a hospital that can be verified by expanding employment opportunities than the rate of youth unemployment and a sharp alleviate part of the current emergency medical institution performing the duties within the contents of this communication in a Emergency patients reflected in the rates for schools that can be revitalized as part of the emergency medical system(part of the emergency medical workers) for the completion of the law concerning emergency care, if you want the current laws and enforcement rules are to be improving. Under the current provisions in law concerning emergency care, and enforceable rules on enforcement issues and identify practical issues for consideration and improvements to enumerate the reasons for the demotion, the following conclusions can be sure until they improve. In addition, the National Assembly recently passed a bill AED use, and enforceable rules to enforce party that can teach AED necessarily a grade, including 1st EMT's to protect people's lives and to actively deal with the emergency situation so that it can be. Resolving these issues in the country where the emergency medical system can create a foundation for the advancement of emergency patients can get a good length of life, opens.