• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to affect health improvement of adolescent, to understand behavioral causes follow adolescent's drug abuse, to understand recovery and rehabilitaton process of adolescent drug abuser. The data are collected through open questionnaire and interview of 25 adolescents from the experienced drug abuse 16 students(male 8, female 8) in two vocational high schools and admissing adolescents 9 person in Alcohol-Drug Addiction Care Centre in Seoul from June 28th to August 31st, 1994. The collected data are arranged and explained through categorizing method stated contents about motives, causes, experiences and effected behaviors for using the drugs of drug abuser adolescents. DRUG USING MOTIVATION They are almost first son and daughter in their family. In their conversation person, male converses to their mother well, but female does not converse to their parents include family. Both groups respond positively to companionship and attitude to other, but negatively to self-confidence and actualizing attitude. They hope always peace of family and want to do their best for their life. In school group, hard and difficult things are school life and family problems, also using the drugs for resolving the them. About drug using behaviors, male responds to bad habbit and shamfull, but female is unconcerned with drug using attitude. The first background of drug using, male gets to use because of curiosity and to be induced from friends or seniors, but female gets to use for feminine beauty(thin body) and escape from reality. Used the drugs, male uses frequently Bond, Butane-Gas among inhalation materials and also marijuana, but female uses various diuretics. The times of drug using, both groups repond to use during the chaging of emotion or filling with stress. The place of drug using, both groups take drugs in vacant houses or in the mountain. The frequency of drug using, they use almost once in a day and they use mostly alone or drug user in friends. Experienced mental changing after drug using, which is fantasy, ecstasy, anxiety and suicidal feeling, and experienced physical changing after drug using, which is elevating sense, headach, abdominal pain, dyspnea and chaging of skin colour and reddish. They coincide with inconvenience feeling due to drug using. RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION PROCESS OF DRUG USING ADOLESCENTS The reason for reforming drug using behavior and attitude, both groups respond to reforming for oneself and social life. The difficult things during the stop to using drugs, all of them responed to family problems, friends problems and temptation and impulse. As for stop to using drug, they need good advise, understandable attitude and family love. But they do not need to be stigmatized, scolding, over protect and ridicule of friends. Also they entreat continuous understanding, advise, concern and the method for resolving stress. For the friends to want to use the drug, they will talk about the stories of their personal experiences and for the friends to stop to using the drug, they will consider for them how to stop. From the theses results, drug users understand personal problems due to drug using, and consider about why to stop and how to stop. Also drug users need to resolve the family problems, personal problems, stress and temptations or impulses. Accordingly this paper suggests that drug users in adolescents need understandable and acceptable atitudes, loving and tenderness, continuous advice and concern, and hopes for life.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and depression or suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents. Methods : The data obtained from the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBWS) were analysed. 68,043 students from 797 schools participated in this nationwide survey. Results : 53.7% of male students and 68.4% of female students had reported that a weekday sleeping duration of less than 6 hours. When the depression and suicidal ideation were analyzed by age, the odds ratio was higher in middle-school students than in high-school students. Both male and female students showed a higher risk of depression and suicidal ideation when sleeping duration was less than 5 hours and the risk was slightly higher in boys than in girls. Conclusion : Insufficient sleep duration in Korean adolescents increases depression and suicidal ideation, and these results differ according to age and gender.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between male and female in some clinically meaningful aspects and to prevent intentional poisoning in children and adolescents. Methods: Retrograde medical records review of patients who visited the emergency department of two secondary hospitals for drug ingestion from March 2010 through March 2013 was performed. Unintentional ingestion or ingestion by others was excluded. Results: A total of 138 cases were reported, male 25.4% (n=35), female 74.6% (n=103). The reason for poisoning was intentional in 132 cases (95.7%) and misuse in six cases (4.3%). In female patients, non-prescription drugs was the most common cause of intentional poisoning (68.9%). Male patients tend to use life substances for intentional poisoning more frequently (20.0%) than female (3.9%). Seven male patients and 12 female patients had previous psychiatric history and 34.3% of male and 41.7% of female were consulted to the psychiatric department. Conclusion: Female adolescents are more likely to ingest drugs intentionally for suicide attempt than males of comparable ages. The drugs they ingested were, in many cases, obtained with ease from the drug store nearby and, remarkably, most of the drugs they obtained in that way were acetaminophen-containing. This suggests that some guidelines or control in the pharmacy that restrict children or adolescents from obtaining potentially or possibly life-threatening drugs might be necessary. In addition, education regarding drugs is thought to be necessary in school for teenagers as they tend to misuse them with incorrect acknowledgement.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.29-45
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• 2006

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the attitude toward smoking and knowledge on smoking, self-efficacy, and self-esteem among high school students, and examine the moderate effects of gender on the differences in those variables between smoking and non-smoking students. As the result of investigation, it would suggest useful information for those who want to provide interventions of smoking prevention and smoking cessation to adolescents. Methods: Participants were 1,117 high school students (511 males, 584 females), whose mean age was 16.38 (SD=.87). To identify whether participants were smoking or not, bogus-pipeline was used. The data was collected with questionnaire include Smoking Attitude Inventory, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. A Pearson chi-square test and 2-way MANOVAs were performed with SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Results: With bogus-pipeline, one hundred thirty five (26.0%) of male students and 125(21.4%) of female students reported as they were smoking, while 115(22.2%) of male students and 78(13.3%) of female students reported as they were smoking at unidentified survey which was performed one week before bogus-pipeline. Results revealed that students who smoked had more positive attitude toward smoking and more knowledge on smoking than those who didn't smoke. Difference in knowledge on smoking between smoking and non-smoking students only existed in female students. Female students who smoked had lower self-esteem than female students who didn't smoke, but this difference didn't exist in male students. Conclusion: With the results of this study, it is considered smoking rates of adolescents surveyed with unidentified self-report questionnaires as underestimated. Health practitioners might consider female smokers' attitude toward and knowledge on smoking and self-esteem, especially for high school students. Despite of limitation of this study, it might help those who want to prevent initiation of smoking and give up smoking in adolescence.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2005

Objectives: Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination. As there have been few researches on narcolepsy symptomatology in adolescents, we examined gender differences and prevalence of narcolepsy tetrad among students attending high school. Methods: Total 20,407 subjects, ages 14-19 years filled out Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (UNS). Subjects whose UNS scores were equal to or more than 14 were interviewed by telephone using semi-structured questionnaire. Variables included questions to evaluate tetrad of narcolepsy. Results: UNS scores were higher in female than male ($11.1{\pm}5.2$ vs. $9.6{\pm}4.5$, p<0.001). Subjects scoring the UNS equal to or more than 14 were 4,535 (22.2% of all the participants), more frequently observed in female than in male (p<0.001). Excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy-like symptoms, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination in subjects of UNS ${\geq}14$ were significantly higher in female subjects than male ones. However, no significant gender difference was observed in the frequencies of severe sleep attack and cataplexy-like symptoms. Sleep paralysis was most frequently reported during sleep. There was significant correlation between sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination (r=0.235, p<0.01). Conclusions: Our findings were that female adolescents complained more frequently narcolepsy symptoms than male subjects. Female adolescents might be more sensitive than male ones to physical complaints such as sleepiness or muscle weakness.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.75-87
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• 2011

The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of adolescents' psychosocial characteristics and parental communication patterns on suicidal ideation. Participants were 520 first- and second- year high-school students in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. Questionnaires included items on suicidal ideation, irrational beliefs, depression, hopelessness, and parental communication patterns. Data were statistically analyzed through a t-test, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis, and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS for Win version 12.0. The major results were as follows: 1) Female adolescents had higher levels of irrational beliefs, depression, specific types of communication patterns from the father(placating) and suicidal ideation more than their male counterparts. The male adolescents showed more communication patterns from the father(blaming) than their female counterparts. 2) Depression, irrational beliefs, mothers' communication patterns (blaming), gender and hopelessness were significant predictors of adolescent suicidal ideation. 3) The adolescents' irrational beliefs had a mediating effect on the relationship between their suicidal ideation and dysfunctional parental communication.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.59-70
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of contraception use and analyze factors affecting contraception use among Korean adolescents. Methods: This cross sectional study used secondary data from the 2013 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey (KYRBS), which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. A total of 3,475 adolescents who had experienced sexual intercourse were included in the study. Results: Almost 4.8% of total adolescents experienced sexual intercourse. Only 26.8% of them had sex with contraception. The significant predictors related to contraception use were as follows: sexual intercourse experience after drinking (OR=2.02) and living with mother (OR=3.00) for male middle school student, first intercourse experience (OR=2.04) for female middle school students, and first intercourse experience (OR=1.59) and intercourse experience after drinking (OR=0.56) for male high school students. On the other hand, there were no predictors for female high school students. Conclusions: Development and application of effective strategies according to gender and school level are needed to increase contraception rate of adolescents.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.318-328
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• 2007

Purpose: Because it is important to prevent adolescents from becoming involved in smoking, this study was done to explore important factors influencing cigarette use and the increase in smoking frequency. Method: For this study the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) was analyzed. Because the KYPS is longitudinal, a fixed effect regression method was used to control for the effects of time-independent factors. More specifically, a logistic regression was used to explore factors affecting cigarette use, and a Poisson regression was used to explore smoking frequency. Result: As the adolescents got older, the number of male adolescents who tried smoking increased, while the number of female adolescents who tried smoking decreased. Also, the frequency of cigarette use among male and female smokers increased over time. Significant factors affecting cigarette use were friends who smoked, delinquent behavior, and loneliness at schools. Important factors affecting the increase in smoking frequency were grade (e.g., the 2nd- and 3rd-year of middle school), friends who smoked, delinquent behavior, monthly pocket money, expectation for the highest level of education, and attack tendency. Conclusions: To solve the problems linked to adolescent smoking, it is critical to develop intervention programs that target specific homogeneous subgroups of smokers, and that take into consideration gender difference in smoking and factors affecting levels of smoking behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out how family, school and community variables influence internet behavior problems in adolescents. By focusing on sex differences, this study analyzes female as well as male behavior problems. The data used in this study are gathered from 1,046 middle and high school students in a national sampling. The results are as follows. Internet addiction is the most frequently occurring problem. A chi-square test shows that male students have higher experience rates than female students in obscene chatting and violent games. A series of logistic regressions are performed to blow the relative influence of independent variables controlling for each other. In the case of male students' internet behavior problems, region, communications with their parents, interactions with their close friends, and satisfaction with community facilities are significant variables. Interactions with friends are significant in predicting behavior problems of both female and male students. Suggestions and implications with regard to intervention strategies for adolescents are discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.753-765
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• 2016

This study examines links between Korean adolescents' uses of games and their school lives. A gender-based analysis was conducted and moderating effects of social relationship variables were tested. The major findings are as follows. First, some gender differences were found in impacts of game use. For example, although a game addiction variable appeared to influence both male and female adolescents negatively on the school-related conscientiousness, only male students displayed a negative impact of game time. It represents a gender difference in the preferred game genres and ways of using them. Second, the analysis showed that variables of social relationship could moderate the negative effects of game use. While the relationship with father appeared to moderate the negative effects of game time in male adolescents, the relationship with mother turned out to relieve the negative impacts of game addiction in female ones. In the case of male adolescents, however, the relationship with the parents did not show any moderating effect on game addiction. This study supports the claim that it is necessary to take a gendered approach in studying gaming.