• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.459-464
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• 2020

본 연구는 발색이나 제형에 대한 테스트가 중요한 뷰티 산업에서 가상 메이크업 애플리케이션의 사용자 경험을 분석한 연구이다. 최근 AR과 AI를 활용한 뷰티 스마트 스토어와 뷰티 애플리케이션의 사례가 많아지고 있다. 하지만 가상 메이크업은 실제 제품을 테스트하는 것과 차이가 있어서 사용자 측면의 연구를 통한 니즈 도출이 필요하다. AR 활용한 사례와 AI 활용한 사례를 분류하여 사용자 선호도 비교를 위해 감성 인터페이스 모델을 기반으로 6가지 요인의 설문을 통해 분석하여 통계적으로 유의미한 수치를 보이는 항목을 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 사용자는 가상 메이크업 기능을 편하게 느꼈으나 신뢰성 측면에서 보완이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 실제 사용자의 경험에 초점을 두고 두 유형의 비교를 통해 가상 메이크업의 주요 경험 요인과 니즈를 파악하였다는 데 의미를 둔다. 이를 바탕으로 가상 메이크업의 선행 연구로 유용하게 활용되기를 바란다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.509-519
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to present important guidelines for effective eye-shadow color coordination according to T.P.O. such as 'Day time to Night', 'Special Occasions', 'Holiday Accents', 'Seasonal Looks' and 'Animated Characters'. The method is as follows; This study examined the 100 works of her published in the?500 EYE MAKEUP DESIGNS?. For this research analysis, three specialists selected a total of 100 photo-works through 3 rounds of evaluation. This study analysis was conducted based on the colors and tones of eye-shadows identified under Munsell's basic color chart. The study findings are as follows; First, 'Day time to Night' was found to have similarity coloration most frequently, presenting a more stable look in the Natural makeup. Second, 'Special Occasions' showed similarity, accent, and complex colorations mainly. Third, 'Holiday Accents' showed diverse types of colorations such as accent, complex, similarity and contrast. Forth, 'Seasonal Looks' was found to use a variety of colorations including similarity, contrast, accent, gradation and complex. Fifth, 'Animated Characters' showed contrast coloration the most for dramatic effect along with accent and complex colorations to give a unique and symbolic look. The color scheme database(DB) obtained in this study will be present important guidelines for future in eye-shadow makeup design.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.40-56
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to analyze the patterns on consuming basic skin makeup products of female college students, and to provide basic information to understand the patterns of ordinary consumers. The survey was included 283 female students from 5 colleges located in metropolitan area of Seoul. The survey data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, T-test, chi-scuare-test methods. The results are as follows : 1. 60% of the college students of metropolitan area are doing basic skin makeup for aesthetic reasons in most cases, eye makeup is regarded the most important part, so 92% students have experienced to buy imported cosmetic products because of it's better absorption to skin. 2. Significant correlations were found between the skin types and dissatisfaction about foundation after using. 3. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and makeup extent, grade and the reasons why they use imported products. 4. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and foundation types used, monthly average living expense and purchasing channels, grade and purchasing channels, price level of the currently using face powder and monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic products and level of wealth, price level of the currently using foundation and monthly average living expense. 5. According to demographic variables, significant differences were found in monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic product, mother's job, grade.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.64-79
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• 2010

The digital era in the 21st century is globalized and is collapsed boundary among countries, thereby being able to be said to be characterized most largely by proceeding with being a form like a federation and EU. A change into digital era brought about a change in all the aspects of human behavior and culture, not a change simply in temporal significance and technological significance. In recent days, all the services came to be possibly used the integrated device with the same network owing to innovation of communication technology, which is represented by digital, network, and internet. Now, the broadcasting industry, computer industry, and communication industry are exceeding the peculiar sphere by being mutually merged. Each of industrial sector centering on internet is showing the phenomenon of being united. The hybrid trend, which was formed by phenomenon in the complex digital media society, tended to be indicated in fashion and makeup design. As the digital media era was generated, the hybrid trend induced a change into society in open and horizontal idea. It came to be known that there is independent trend in each field even while organically working in the middle of the whole frame that fashion and makeup express a human being's external beauty. This implies that makeup is not what is always influenced by fashion as an accessory in fashion and a supplementary role, but what can show its contrary phenomenon. This study examined characteristics, which are shown in fashion and makeup due to hybrid influence with greeting the digital media era. This study was carried out in order to be conducive to objective data available for giving help to the future direction and marketing data in product of the relevant businesses, through the results of this study.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.356-375
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• 2021

The Generation Z (Gen-Z) consumer has a unique beauty-consuming behavior that is distinct from the previous generations. This study aims to identify the meaning of makeup rituals based on the theoretical framework of the ritual concept. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen females in their mid-teens to early 20s. The results showed that Gen-Z has different types of makeup ritual scripts for both ordinary days and special days, which are constantly being re-written and revised based on the experience accumulated. In addition, there are various types of ritual artifacts that play an important role in Gen-Z's makeup ritual, and that they provide psychological comfort and satisfaction. The importance of DIY (Do It Yourself), collecting, and independent brands is emphasized. The role of Gen-Z in the makeup ritual was expanding from a creator for her own ritual to a collaborator for peers' rituals, and sometimes the expansion goes beyond the direct relationships to virtual ones through SNS (Social Network Service). The Gen-Z cohort is found to be a member of beauty knowledge network through which they learn, share, and create the know-how and shopping skills.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

본 연구는 서울, 인천, 광주시에 거주하는 10~40대 남성 240명을 대상으로 남성 메이크업에 대한 7가지 항목별 인식차이를 조사하여, 남성들이 선호하는 메이크업 항목과 남성 메이크업 사용자들에 대한 인식 및 성공에 미치는 외모 영향력과의 관계를 분석하여 남성 뷰티시장 활성화 및 상품개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 남성들은 사회적 성공에 외모가 미치는 영향력이 매우 크다고 생각하였으며, 특히 자신들의 성공에 외모가 50%이상 영향을 미친다고 생각하는 응답자가 전체 23.3%를 차지하였다. 가장 선호하는 메이크업 항목은 컨실러, 컬러로션, 비비크림으로 전체 응답자 중 60.8%가 긍정적으로 생각하는 것으로 나타나 기초색조 화장품은 이미 남성들의 필수 제품 중의 하나로 자리매김함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 상대적으로 사용량이 적은 마스카라, 아이라이너, 아이쉐도우 항목에서는 다소 부정적인 인식을 보였고, 전반적으로 연령이 낮을수록, 미혼인 경우, 도시거주자인 경우가 대체적으로 긍정적인 인식을 나타내었다. 이상의 자료를 토대로 성공을 지향하는 남성 소비자들을 위한 다양한 메이크업 상품 개발과 마케팅 전략을 실행한다면 남성 뷰티 시장 활성화에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.33-49
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• 2014

Environmental concern has been an important issue for a few decades, and the extent of consumer demand for eco-friendly consumption has been increased. This study seeks to investigate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for eco-friendly cosmetics. This study evaluates how much more a consumer is willing to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics and examines significant factors influencing consumers' WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Consumers' WTP is measured using four different ecofriendly cosmetics: low-priced skin care cosmetics, low-priced makeup cosmetics, high-priced skin care cosmetics, and high-priced makeup cosmetics. This study uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate consumer's WTP for eco-friendly cosmetics. Survey questions were designed using both dichotomous choice and payment card method of CVM. Through face to face interviews and on-line surveys, the data were collected from women between 20 and 49 years old residing in Seoul and Kyeonggi area, Korea, in May 2010. A total of 226 questionnaires (132 from interviews and 94 from on-line) were included for the analytical sample in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, T-test and Log-Logit analysis. The findings are as follows: First, the WTP measured by dichotomous choice method was estimated using the Log-Logit analysis. The results showed that the estimated WTP for low-priced skin care cosmetics was 19,152 won, which was 27.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won. For low-priced makeup cosmetics, the estimated WTP was 18,524 won, and its green premium was 21.0%. The estimated WTP for high-priced skin care cosmetics was 59,128 won, which was 18.3% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics was 57,666 won, and its green premium was 15.3%. Second, the WTP measure by payment card method was estimated using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the respondents were willing to pay 17,955 won for low-priced skin care cosmetics, which was 19.7% higher than the reference price, 15,000 won and 17,595 won for low-priced makeup cosmetics, which was 17.3% higher than the reference price. For high-priced skin care cosmetics, the average WTP was 56,950 won which was 13.9% higher than the reference price, 50,000 won. For high-priced makeup cosmetics, the average WTP was 55,650 won, which was 11.3% higher than the reference price. Overall, the WTP was higher in order of low-priced skin care, low-priced makeup, high-priced skin care, and high-priced makeup. It means that consumers decide degree of premium based on the price and the attributes of eco-friendly products. Third, the findings showed that age, monthly income, and having children or not were statistically significant factors that influenced consumers' willingness to pay for eco-friendly cosmetics. Other explanatory variables such as education, marital status, job, purchase experience of eco-friendly products, and environmental concerns did not show any statistical significance. The major contribution of this study is the investigation of the value of green attributes of the products by using CVM. Unlike most previous researches, this research used two methods of CVM, the dichotomous choice and the payment card, so it enhanced the reliability of research. According to this study, consumers showed price sensitivity when they pay green premium. These findings can be used as useful information to establish marketing strategies for green cosmetics.

• 한국의상디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의상디자인학회 2004년도 International Conference & Exhibition
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• pp.142-144
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• 2004

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

There is now a growing concern about the possible toxicity of heavy metals in cosmetics. Heavy metals can be used as cosmetic ingredients or may be present as low level impurities in some of the raw materials. Chromium derivatives are used as pigments in cosmetics. Chromium is essential and toxic trace elements. Chromium may cause skin allergy. However, the regulations related to cosmetic products give no limit values for Chromium. Hexavalent chromium is significantly more toxic than trivalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium may present a carcinogenic risk at high concentrations. Therefore, it is important to consider oxidation state of chromium when analyze chromium. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of water-soluble trivalent and hexavalent chromium in samples of makeup products, and to assess the safety of cosmetics on the basis of animal sensitization tests using guinea pig. The present study of chromium in 48 makeup products of 12 manufacturers provides a basis for assessing safety of makeup products. Water-soluble hexavalent chromium was not detected in any product. Water-soluble trivalent chromium was detected in only 9 eye shadows out of 48 makeup products, and could not be quantified 3 out of 9 eye shadows. The highest level of water-soluble trivalent chromium was about 10 mg/kg in spite of 90,000 mg/kg of total chromium. The results of animal sensitization tests show that 200 mg/kg of trivalent chromium and 5 mg/kg of hexavalent chromium have no harmful effect. No cross-reaction among these metals was found. Accordingly, the concentrations of water-soluble chromium in makeup products seemed to be safe. The overall results indicate that chromium in cosmetics probably have no significant toxicological effects. However, It is necessary to set guidelines on the maximum permissible concentration of water-soluble chromium in cosmetics.

• 미래기술융합논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2024

본 본 연구의 현실은 인체 미술의 발전 추세에 따라 미용인들 사이에서 아트 메이크업과 반영구 화장 등이 뷰티 산업의 유망산업으로 부각 되고 있으며, 시간이 지날수록 전문기술 향상에 대한 인식이 점차 높아지고 있다는 점이다. 이에 따라 미용 산업을 전공하거나 반영구 화장을 배우는 미용사들 사이에서 뿐만 아니라 많은 미용기술을 배우는 뷰티 학원에서도 반영구 화장에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 이러한 트렌드 기술은 국제 미용대회에서 홍보되고 있다. 반영구적 기술을 전문으로 하는 미용 기술자를 대상으로 기술대회를 개최합니다. 교육에 관한 정보교류의 장으로서 교육제도의 확산 등 시너지 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 기대됩니다. 우리나라의 급속한 산업발전은 산업발전에 따른 전문·세부기능인력의 수급과 기술 수준 측면에서 인력형성에 큰 변화를 가져왔고, 이로 인해 미용사의 기술 및 전문기술이 향상 되어 왔다. 미용사 전문교육자격의 우수성과 높은 기술평가. 이는 자기계발에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 숙련된 기술을 달성하기 위한 노력의 중요성을 재인식하게 될 것으로 기대한다.