• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.267-270
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• 2008

We have successfully used the low-pressure BioWare gene gun, developed for gene transfer in animal cells, for plant tissues. The BioWare device is easy to manipulate. Just 50 psi helium pressure was sufficient to transfer foreign genes into the aleurone layer and embryo of maize without causing tissue damage in the impact area. As shown by expression signals from invasive histochemical ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUS) activity, the foreign reporter gene expressed well in bombarded tissues. This successful GUS-transient expression extends the application of this low-pressure gene gun from animal cells to plant tissues.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.29.1-29.11
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• 2020

Maize seed pigmentation is one of the important issue to develop maize seed breeding. The differently gene expression was characterized and compared for three inbred lines, such as the pigment accumulated seed (CM22) and non-pigmented seed (CM5 and CM19) at 10 days after pollination. We obtained a total of 63,870, 82,496, and 54,555 contigs by de novo assembly to identify gene expression in the CM22, CM5, and CM19, respectably. In differentially expressed gene analysis, it was revealed that 7,044 genes were differentially expressed by at least two-fold, with 4,067 upregulated in colored maize inbred lines and 2,977 upregulated in colorless maize inbred lines. Of them,18 genes were included to the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, while 15 genes were upregulated in both CM22/5 and CM22/19. Additionally, 37 genes were detected in the metabolic pathway concern to the seed pigmentation by BINs analysis using MAPMAN software. Finally, these differently expressed genes may aid in the research on seed pigmentation in maize breeding programs.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.645-652
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• 2023

The aleurone layer in maize is crucial as it contains essential nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, and high-quality proteins. While most of the maize varieties are known to possess a single aleurone layer, several multi-aleurone layer mutants and landraces have been suggested for hierarchical genetic control of aleurone development. Conventional microscopy analysis often involves using immature seeds or sampling only a portion of the kernel sample, and whole kernel section analysis using a microtome is technically difficult and time-consuming. Additionally, the larger size of maize kernels posed challenges for comprehensive cross-sectional analysis compared to other cereal crops. Consequently, this study aimed to develop an efficient method to comprehensively understand the aleurone layer characteristics of the entire cross-section in maize. Through observations of diverse maize genetic resources, we confirmed irregular aleurone layer patterns in those with multiple aleurone layers, and we discovered a landrace having multiple aleurone layers. By selectively identifying genetic resources with multiple aleurone layers, this method may contribute to efficient breeding processes in maize.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.978-987
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• 2015

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the greatest limitations to agriculture in acid soils, particularly in tropical regions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can supply plants with nutrients and give protection against Al toxicity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil liming (i.e., reducing Al saturation) on the AMF community composition and structure in the roots of maize lines contrasting for Al tolerance. To this end, we constructed four 18S rDNA cloning libraries from L3 (Al tolerant) and L22 (Al sensitive) maize lines grown in limed and non-limed soils. A total of 790 clones were sequenced, 69% belonging to the Glomeromycota phylum. The remaining sequences were from Ascomycota, which were more prominent in the limed soil, mainly in the L3 line. The most abundant AM fungal clones were related to the family Glomeraceae represented by the genera uncultured Glomus followed by Rhizophagus and Funneliformis. However, the most abundant operational taxonomic units with 27% of the Glomeromycota clones was affiliated to genus Racocetra. This genus was present in all the four libraries, but it was predominant in the non-limed soils, suggesting that Racocetra is tolerant to Al toxicity. Similarly, Acaulospora and Rhizophagus were also present mostly in both lines in non-limed soils. The community richness of AMF in the non-limed soils was higher than the limed soil for both lines. The results suggest that the soil Al saturation was the parameter that mostly influences the AMF species composition in the soils in this study.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.429-433
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• 1996

Giemsa C-banding 방법에 의하여 한국 재래종 옥수수 핵형 및 염색체의 특성을 알아보고자 옥수수의 근단 생장점을 이용하여 조사 분석하였다. 이 방법은 한국 재래종 옥수수의 핵형 분석 및 염색체의 특성 연구에도 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 방법임이 확인되었다. 조사된 재래종 옥수수에서는 각각 10개의 heterochrornatic knob이 발견되었으며 이것들의 크기와 위치는 계통별로 다른 것으로 나타났고, 모두가 6번 염색체에 부수체를 가지고 있었다. 10번 염색체를 100으로 해서 비교해 본 각 염색체들의 상대적 길이는 조사된 계통별로 큰 차이가 있었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.287-293
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• 1996

The effect of taxol and ethyl-N-phenylcarbamate (EPC) on the growth and gravitropism of maize roots and coleoptiles was studied. Taxol is known to promote the assembly of microtubules (MTs) and stabilizes MTs by preventing depolymerization. EPC, on the contrary, is an anti-microtubule drug that promotes disassembly of MTs. Taxol, at 1 $\mu$M, inhibited gravitropic response of maize roots to about 40%, but did not inhibit growth; at 10 $\mu$M, it inhibited the gravitropic response of coleoptile segments of maize by approximately 50%, but did not inhibit growth, while 0.5 mM EPC inhibited both the gravitropic response and growth of maize roots by approximately 50%. Taxol, which inhibited the gravitropic response of maize roots and coleoptile segments, had no effect on either the polar or the bilateral transport of auxin. These results indicated that MT polymerization could not occur normally with taxol or EPC, so that if there was any abnormal rearrangement of MT, the gravitropic response was inhibited, which resulted from the inhibition of neither growth nor auxin transport. This results suggested that gravitropic response was related to the MT arrangement, and that both straight growth and the differential growth in gravitropic response could be regulated by different mechanisms.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2018

국내에서 LM 작물의 재배는 승인 된 바 없으나 식품용 및 사료용으로 LM 작물이 수입되고 있으며 LM 작물의 국내 수입량은 꾸준히 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구는 2014년 경기 지역의 LM 옥수수 유출여부를 모니터링 하기 위해 수행되었으며 채집된 의심시료는 단백질 검정 분석법과 중합효소 연쇄반응을 통해 분석하였다. 경기 지역의 항만, 운송로, 사료공장 및 축산농가 등 총 169개 지점을 조사하였고 총 44개의 LM 옥수수 의심시료를 채집하였다. 단백질 검정 분석법으로 4개의 양성반응 시료를 확인하였고 동일지점의 시료는 혼합하여 총 3개의 시료에 대해 프로모터 스크리닝과 이벤트 특이적 프라이머를 이용한 중합효소 연쇄반응을 실시하여 의심시료 모두 LM 옥수수로 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 국내 자연환경에서 LM 옥수수의 유출 현황 파악과 자연 생태계로 LM 옥수수의 유출을 예방하기 위해 자연생태계 모니터링이 매우 중요하다는 것을 뒷받침한다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2001

Major characteristics of new Waesungri maize inbred line has multi-tiller and ears: five to six tillers and seven to eight ears per plant and flowering date of Waesungri was delayed about 18 and 24 days compared to Mo17 U.S line and IK$_4$ Korean local lines, respectively. Number of ears, fresh and dry weight per plant were significantly different among all tested hybrids including Waesungri/Sinkihong hybrid under different planting times and densities. Especially, both fresh and dry weight of IK$_1$/FR140//Waesungri F$_1$hybrid were significantly higher at high planting density. In kernel weight per unit area, Wnesungri/Sinkihong hybrid was high at high density and IK$_1$/FR140//Waesungri hybrid was high at low planting density. As results of analysis of variance, flowering date was shown a significantly different both planting times and varieties, while other characters including stem height were shown very variable in interactions with enviromental factors.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

본 연구는 파종시기와 질소시비 수준에 대한 옥수수의 광화학적 반응을 분석하여 광생리적 특성을 해석하였다. 1. 5월 22일 파종시 질소 함량이 증가함에 따라 생육후기까지 엽록소 형광량 또한 증가하여 질소 배량처리에서 광이용효율이 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 2. 생육초기의 형광량이 가장 높았으며, 이후 모든 처리구에서 엽록소 형광량이 50% 가량 감소하여 전자전달을 위한 광화학 반응이 크게 감소했음을 알 수 있었다. 3. 질소 반량구에서 활성화된 RC (RC/ABS)가 감소하며 13% 이상의 에너지가 손실되었으며, 결국 전자전달시 에너지 전환효율(PI, DF 등)이 감소해 광이용효율이 낮았다. 4. 배량 처리구는 생육후기로 갈수록 전자전달 효율(ET2o/CS) 및 단면당 활성화된 RC(RC/CS) 등 광이용 효율이 대조구 대비 크게 증가하여 광합성기구 사이의 전자전달이 잘 이루어지는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2017

Drought is one of the detrimental factors that impair plant growth and productivity. In this study, we applied annealing control primer (ACP)-based reverse transcriptase PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in maize leaves in response to drought stress. Two-week-old maize seedlings were exposed to drought (DT) by suspending water supply. DEGs were screened after 3 days of DT-treated samples using the ACP-based technique. Several DEGs encoding 16.9 protein, antimicrobial protein, hypothetical protein NCLIV_068840, thioredoxin M-type were identified in maize leaves under drought stress. These genes have putative functions in plant defense response, growth and development. These identified genes would be useful for predictive markers of plant defense, and growth responses under drought stress in plants.