• 핵의학기술
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2015

Purpose Serum Thyroglobulin measurement is a major tool for the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients. Thyroglobulin is Normal thyroid tissue, or thyroid cancer tissue produced only. Thyroid hormone to a halt without Tg differentiation of thyroid cancer recurrence just by measuring how to decide whether there was increasing expectations if I can do it instead. Therefore, in excellent sensitivity Tg new inspection of the functional sensitivity by measuring the looked to evaluate the usefulness of reagents. Thyroidectomy is measuring the numbers Tg (total thyroidectomy) remaining thyroid ablation and radioactive iodine (radioactive iodine remnant ablation, RRA) DTC in patients being diagnosed with or help predict the remaining early detection of thyroid cancer recurrence. Materials and Methods Agent that I'm currently using Tg of the measurements of low clinical specimen for a second drainage of the three (0.08 0.17, 0.98, ng/mL) within the scope of the dilute magnification (2, 4, 8, 16, 32 times) by dilute Intraassy (n=10) and Interassay (n=10) out in no time. Concentration value according to the coefficient of variation and the mean and standard deviation of each measurement (Coefficient of variation, CV) the absolute value of the measured values that corresponds to 20 percent target a coefficient of variation of CV Find the value of the concentration of the functional sensitivity measurement did. Also, analytical sensitivity with recovery rates, Dilution test inspections, and interrelationship, compared. Results Sensitivity is an excellent analytical sensitivity within the prosecutor kit Tg 0.006 ng/mL, and core analytical sensitivity, conducted by the 0.006 ng/mL to same conclusion. Be rather high to 142 percent recovery rate was 60 to measurement and functional sensitivity, 0.01766 ng/mL(Intraassay n=10) was measured at. CBC is relatively good correlation as ($R^2=0.949$) the correlation. Conclusion Recently ultrasensitive thyroglobulin this clinically important indicators of the previous kit and demands are lower than sensitivity to the measurement results. Therefore, ultrasensitive thyroglobulin test is correlated that there would be useful in value in nuclear medicine the thyroid gland.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 2002

본 연구는 BALB/c 생쥐 맥악얼기내 ZnT3 및 zinc 이온을 ZnT3 항혈청을 이용한 면역세포화학법(ABC법)과 autometallography ($ZnSe^{AMG}$)로 각각 동정하였다. 저배율에서 맥락얼기내 ZnT3 면역반응은 미약하였으나, 고배율에서는 맥락상피와 맥락조직에 국한된 뚜렷한 면역반응이 관찰되었다. 전자현미경에서 관찰된 ZnT3 면역반응은 주로 맥락상피의 자유면쪽 미세융모 및 막성 소기관에 국한되었던 반면 맥락조직내 모세혈관의 내피세포에서는 면역반응이 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. AMG 염색결과 맥락상피와 맥락조직에서 강한 AMG 과립이 관찰되었으며, 특히 모세혈관의 내피상피에서 가장 많이 AMG 과립이 분포하고 있었다. 맥락상피내 AMG 과립은 주로 다소포체에서 관찰되었으며, 소수는 특정 세포질소기관과 상관없이 사이토졸에 산재해 있었다. 이러한 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 저자들은 맥락얼기가 일종의 zinc pool의 역할이 있을 것이며, 최소한 뇌척수액과 뇌실질간에 zinc의 이동에 중요한 역할을 담당할 것으로 믿는다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.340-360
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• 1982

Because of the continuing rapid increase in pesticide usage in Taiwan, much attention has been focus on pesticide contamination of food and effect of pesticides on human and environmental health. The Plant Protection Center (PPC) conducts safety evaluation of pesticides usee! in Taiwan. The pesticides are classified into different groups based on their acute toxicities. Pesticides which are classified into extremely toxic group are not allow to used on short term crops or the continuously harvest crops. The acute toxicity of pesticides to the beneficial insects are also studied, special attention has been paid to the two predators of rice brown planthopper. 60% of cultivated land in Taiwan are paddy field; therefore, acute fish toxicity was taken into consideration when a pesticide was applied for registration to be used in the paddy. Fish toxicities were evaluated by the dangerous rating value which is the amount of pesticide residue in the field water over the TLM value. Mutagenicity of pesticides was continuously evaluated by using Arne's microbial testing method. Island wide survey of residual levels of pesticides of known pollutants such as chlorinated hydrocarbon . insecticides, mercurial compounds in soil, water and biological samples were carried out constantly. The potential of a new1y Imported esticides to pollute the environment were studied by using model ecosystem. Ecological magnification (EM) of a chemical was calculated from model ecosystem. A chemical was considered as a pollutant when its EM value over 5000. In order to ensure the levels of pesticides residue of the crop within the safety limit. The 'tolerance' of pesticides on different crop groupings were established base on 1) acceptable daily intake value of individual pesticides, 2) average daily consumption of each crop groupings by Chinese person, 3) Actual residues of pesticides. on different crops obtained from supervised trials. Total about 79 pesticides for which the tolerances have been established on different crop groupings. Because the intensive agricultural system was adopted in Taiwan. The phytotoxicity of pesticides to the non-target crops was therefore become one of the important factor in the safety evaluation of pesticide usage. These will include 1) direct injury, 2) injury caused by pesticide polluted irrigation water, 3) injury caused by the pesticide polluted soil, 4) reduction of growth caused by the effect of pesticide on the soil microorganisms. This paper will reviewed all the aspects mentioned in the previous .paragraphs. Most the works have done in Taiwan by the PPC.y the PPC.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.222-232
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heated spreader on the sealing ability of lateral condensation, compared with regular cold spreader. Forty two extracted human teeth with single canal were randomly placed into 3 experimental groups, and four additional teeth were used as positive and negative controls. Each group was prepared with Ni-Ti Profile #40 using step-down technique and obturated with standardized colored gutta-percha cone by standard(cold) lateral condensation technique, warm lateral condensation technique with Endotec and hot spreader soaked in glass bead sterilizer, each with Sealapex sealer. Control groups were not obturated, but prepared. After 2 days in 2% methylene blue, the teeth were invested and made into transparent resin blocks. And then, each block was sectioned horizontally with microtome at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm levels from the apex. The linear extent of dye penetration was examined with stereomicroscope at ${\times}$20 magnification. At each of 5 levels, ratio of the area of gutta-percha was obtained by calculating the area of gutta-percha to the total area of the canal. The data collected were then analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Scheffe test. The results were as follows ; 1. All experimental groups produced the apical microleakage. 2. The mean leakage was 1.57${\pm}$0.76mm for cold spreader group, 0.86${\pm}$0.95mm for Endotec spreader group, and 0.64${\pm}$0.93mm for hot spreader group. The difference between hot spreader group and cold spreader group was statistically significant(p<0.05). 1. At the 1 mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 74.58${\pm}$13.15(%) for cold spreader group, 65.42${\pm}$14.62(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 80.72${\pm}$14.63(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between hot spreader group and Endotec spreader group(p<0.05). 2. At the 2mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 87.86${\pm}$11.22(%) for cold spreader group, 66.55${\pm}$14.02(%) for Endotec spreader group, and 92.93${\pm}$7.24(%) for hot spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between Endotec spreader group and other two spreader groups(p<0.05). 3. At the level 3, 4, 5 mm, there was no statistically significant difference between each group. Within the limits of the results of this experiment, warm lateral condensation technique with hot spreader soaked in a glass bead sterilizer demonstrated favorable apical sealing effect and improved density of gutta-percha mass. Thus, it is thought that this obturation technique is effective for clinical use and beneficial to reduce condensation forces, also economical and easy. Lateral condensation, Heated spreader, canal sealing, Microleakage.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.106-113
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• 1997

Dynamic loading of structures often causes excursions of stresses well into the inelastic range, and the influence of the geometric changes on the dynamic response is also significant in many cases. Therefore, both material and geometric nonlinearity effects should be considered in case that a dynamic load acts on the structure. A structure in a nuclear power plant is a structure of importance which puts emphasis on safety. A nuclear container is a pressure vessel subject to internal pressure and this structure is constructed by a reinforced concrete or a pre-stressed concrete. In this study, the material nonlinearity effect on the dynamic response is formulated by the elasto-viscoplastic model highly corresponding to the real behavior of the material. Also, the geometrically nonlinear behavior is taken into account using a total Lagrangian coordinate system, and the equilibrium equation of motion is numerically solved by a central difference scheme. The constitutive relation of concrete is modeled according to a Drucker-Prager yield criterion in compression. The reinforcing bars are modeled by a smeared layer at the location of reinforcements, and the steel layer model under Von Mises yield criteria is adopted to represent an elastic-plastic behavior. To investigate the dynamic response of a nuclear reinforced concrete containment structure, the steel-ratios of 0, 3, 5 and 10 percent, are considered. The results obtained from the analysis of an example were summarized as follows 1. As the steel-ratio increases, the amplitude and the period of the vertical displacements in apex of dome decreased. The Dynamic Magnification Factor(DMF) was some larger than that of the structure without steel. However, the regular trend was not found in the values of DMF. 2. The dynamic response of the vertical displacement and the radial displacement in the dome-wall junction were shown that the period of displacement in initial step decreased with the steel-ratio increases. Especially, the effect of the steel on the dynamic response of radial displacement disapeared almost. The values of DMF were 1.94, 2.5, 2.62 and 2.66, and the values increased with the steel-ratio. 3. The characteristics of the dynamic response of radial displacement in the mid-wall were similar to that of dome-wall junction. The values of DMF were 1.91, 2.11, 2.13 and 2.18, and the values increased with the steel-ratio. 4. The amplitude and the period of the hoop-stresses in the dome, the dome-wall junction, and the mid-wall were shown the decreased trend with the steel-ratio. The values of DMF were some larger than those of the structure without steel. However, the regular trend was not found in the values of DMF.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2006

The growing oocytes become progressively capable of resuming meiosis, and full meiotic competence appear when they are about 80% of the size of fully grown oocytes. As hormonal influences vary at different stages of reproductive cycle, the size of oocytes may vary according to the reproductive stages. The present study was designed to compare the diameter between the ovulated and freshly collected immature canine oocytes. The ovulated oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by oviductal tube flushing by laparotomy under general anesthesia. Immature oocytes were collected by ovarian slicing method. Diameter of all oocytes was measured directly using epiflurescence microscope with a calibrated micro-eyepiece micrometer at ${\times}200$ magnification. The thickness of zona pellucida and diameter of cytoplasm were measured separately and recorded. A total of 2209 zona intact oocytes were collected, among them 628 from anestrus, 675 from follicular, 838 from luteal and 68 by fallopian tubes flushing methods. The average number of oocytes was 104.7, 168.8, 119.7 and 11.3 for anestrus, follicular, luteal and fallopian tubes flushing methods, respectively. The average diameters of the ooplasm and oocyte were significantly varied in different reproductive stages as well as with ovulated oocytes (P<0.05). The average diameter of ooplasm and oocyte was 115.6 and 127.7, 143.0 and 162.0, 134.6 and 150.6, 159.6 and 185.6 for anestrus, follicular, luteal and ovulated oocytes, respectively. Highest number of oocytes with larger diameter could be collected from the follicular and luteal stages. In conclusion, the follicular and luteal ovaries are the best sources of oocytes for canine IVM.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 BS 프리즘의 반사면을 이용한 주야 조준경의 개발에 관한 것이다. 방법: BS(beam splitting) 프리즘의 반사면의 상하에 도트시표발생부와 LCD 패널을 배치하고, BS 프리즘 전방에는 doublet 형태로 설계된 반사경을 배치하였다. 이렇게 함으로서 도트시표 발생부에서의 도트시표 허상을 관찰자 쪽에 결상시키도록 하는 기능, 외부 목표물 주변부의 정보는 관찰자에게 1배로 보이도록 하는 기능과 LCD 패널의 영상을 직접 관찰자가 볼 수 있게 하는 기능을 가진 새로운 형태의 BS 프리즘을 이용한 주야 조준경을 개발하였다. 결과: BS 프리즘의 반사면이 도트 시표를 반사시키는 도트사이트로서의 역할과 LCD 패널에 디스플레이된 야간 열영상을 관찰자가 관찰할 수 있도록 하는 반사 광학계 역할을 하도록 함으로써 주간에는 도트사이트로서 주간조준경 기능을, 야간에는 열영상 디스플레이 장치로서 야간조준경 기능을 하는 주야 조준경 장치를 개발하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 우리는 기존의 도트사이트와 기존의 야간조준경을 BS 프리즘을 이용하여 결합함으로서 선택적으로 주야 조준경 역할을 할 수 있는 주야 조준경을 개발하였다. 이렇게 함으로써 우리는 기존의 도트사이트와 야간조준경의 착탈식 조합보다 사격의 신속성을 더욱 높일 수 있으며 총기류에의 장착에 있어서 보다 편리함을 제공해주는 새로운 형태의 BS 프리즘을 이용한 주야 조준경을 설계 개발할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2017

대한민국 군의 K 계열 전차에 장착되어 있는 열영상장비의 목적은 시계가 제한된 환경에서 외부의 적외선 영역의 정보를 인간이 인지할 수 있는 시각 정보로 변환하는 것이다. 열영상장비의 시계, 배율, 분해능, 변조전달함수, 잡음등가온도차, 최소분해가능온도차 등의 지표 중에서 최소 분해 가능 온도차(MRTD)는 공간주파수와 온도분해능을 복합적으로 표현할 수 있기 때문에, 열영상장비의 성능 표현에 있어 가장 중요한 파라메터이다. 그러나 NATO의 MRTD 표준 측정 방법은 많은 주관적인 요소를 포함하고 있다. 즉, 측정자의 정신 상태, 시력 등의 차이와 측정환경에 따라 측정 결과의 오차가 발생하므로 MRTD의 측정결과는 안정적이지 못하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 정성적인 MRTD 측정 방법을 gary scale을 바탕으로 이미지 연산을 통한 정량적인 지표로 변환하였다. 흑상과 백상의 Gray scale 차이의 평균을 최소분해가능온도로 변환하여, 국방규격서에서 요구하는 성능요구조건의 충족여부를 판단할 수 있다. 또한 gray scale은 MRTD의 탐지/인지/식별의 판별기준으로 활용할 수 있다. 전차에 열영상장비가 탑재되어 작전을 수행할 때의 탐지 가능 거리를 안개, 폭우, 맑은 날씨 등의 다양한 환경조건에 따라 분석하였다.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Disposable blade is widely used for palatal and oral mucosal incision in oral and maxillofadal surgery nowadays, But its design and durability need for improvement, Especially, there are so many hard tissues intraoral area, such as bone and tooth, therefor the sharpness of the surgical blade was easily destroyed, The purpose of this study was to make basic data for developing new design of surgical blade using in oral and maxillofacial area including for the patients who have cleft lip and palate deformities, Some questionnaires about the usefulness of currently used surgical blades were sent to 150 dentists, the 54 of them made a reply, Secondly, The used-once blade and fresh new blade were examined under the scanning electron microscope with the 4000-times magnification, Lastly, the tissue reaction following the surgical incision with a fresh-new and a used blade on rat buccal cheek mucosa and hard palate was evaluated with light microscope with hematoxilin-eosin staining, The time interval from the surgical trauma to taking a sample were 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days, At each time schedule, 2 Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed, Many dentists were agreed to need for changing the design of the surgical blades and also demand to improve the durability of the blades, They were also eager to adopt the new design of blade if it was available, The blade used in surgical extraction procedure was heavily damaged in its sharpe edge of number 15 blade, The histological differences were not prominent, but the delayed healing was detected in buccal mucosal defects especially in the surgical group with used blade, There are slight different changes in hard palatal defects between a used and a new blade group, In this study, we could find that there are imperative demanding on improvement of surgical blade design and durability for oral and maxillofadal area, The blade currently using in surgical extraction was easily damaged, The animal model of this study was not perfect for the purpose of this study.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 임의의 정지궤도 위성의 고출력증폭기(120 W급) 후단에 구성되는 X-대역 원통형 도파관 캐비티 필터의 고전력 핸들링 능력을 연구하고, 그 결과를 제시하였다. 필터의 차수는 6차로 정하였고, 공진기 크기를 원형통 캐비티 모드 차트로부터 도출한 후, 필터의 물리적인 기본 형상을 설계하였다. 이차 전자모델(SEM)인 전자수 진화 시뮬레이션 방법과 전압배율인자(VMF) 방법을 이 필터에 적용하여 멀티팩터(multipactor) 마진을 분석하고 비교하였다. 이 결과, VMF 방법이 전자수 진화 시뮬레이션 방법보다 더 낮은 멀티팩터 임계값을 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. VMF 방법으로 얻은 멀티팩터 분석 마진 값을 유럽표준(ECSS)에서 정하는 기준 마진(단일 캐리어의 경우 8 dB)과 비교하여 실제 시험이 필요하다고 판단하였고, 유럽우주기구(ESA) 시설에서 수행된 시험에서 540 W까지 RF 신호를 입력하였을 때 멀티팩터가 발생하지 않음을 확인하였다. 따라서 분석과 시험을 통하여 X-대역 원통형 도파관 캐비티 필터는 정지궤도에서 운용에 필요한 충분한 고전력 취급 능력이 있음을 보였다.