• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2017

We report a micromagnetic numerical study on different quasi-crystal formations of magnetic vortices in a rich variety of dynamic transient states in soft magnetic nano-disks. Only the application of spin-polarized dc currents to a single magnetic vortex leads to the formation of topological-soliton quasi-crystals composed of different configurations of skyrmions with positive and negative half-integer numbers (magnetic vortices and antivortices). Such topological object formations in soft magnets, not only in the absence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction but also without magnetocrystalline anisotropy, are discussed in terms of two different topological charges, the winding number and the skyrmion number. This work offers an insight into the dynamic topological-spin-texture quasi-crystal formations in soft magnets.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1240-1247
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• 2018

Magnetic hysteresis in Ni nanowire arrays grown by electrodeposition inside the pores of anodic alumina templates is studied as a function of temperature in the range between 5 K and 300 K. Nanowires with different diameters, aspect ratios, inter-wire distance in the array and surface condition (smooth and rough) are synthesized. These microstructure parameters are linked to the different free magnetic energy contributions determining coercivity and the controlling magnetization reversal mechanisms. Coercivity increases with temperature in arrays of nanowires with rough surfaces and small diameters -33 nm and 65 nm- when measured without removing the alumina template and/or the Al substrate. For thicker wires -200 nm in diameter and relatively smooth surfaces- measured without the Al substrate, coercivity decreases as temperature rises. These temperature dependences of magnetic hysteresis are described in terms of an effective magnetic anisotropy $K_a$, resulting from the interplay of magnetocrystalline, magnetoelastic and shape anisotropies, together with the magnetostatic interaction energy density between nanowires in the array. The experimentally determined coercive fields are compared with results of micromagnetic calculations, performed considering the magnetization reversal mode acting in each studied array and microstructure parameters. A method is proposed to roughly estimate the value of $K_a$ experimentally, from the hysteresis loops measured at different temperatures. These measured values are in agreement with theoretical calculations. The observed temperature dependence of coercivity does not arise from an intrinsic property of pure Ni but from the nanowires surface roughness and the way the array is measured, with or without the alumina template and/or the aluminum support.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2000

A quaternary alloy film of $CoCr_{16.2}Pt_{10.8}Ta_4$was investigated for its magnetic properties and c-axis orientation with and without Ti underlayer. Additional elements such as Ta, Pt have been frequently introduced in CoCr alloy film for perpendicular recording as a means of improving magnetic performance. It has been reported that the addition of Pt and Ta in CoCr increase the coercivity and the magnetic isolation of columnar grains, respectively. However, CoCrPtTa perpendicular magnetic layer should be more increased its perpendicular magnetic anisotropy than at present for the application of ultrahigh recording density. The improvement of underlayers and substrate materials is one of the promised schemes to intensify the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In this study, the insertion of Ti underlayer shows the remarkable improvement of c-axis orientation compare with the direct deposition on the bare glass. The mechanism about this effect of Ti underlayer on CoCrPtTa is not to be clarified yet. Meanwhile, it is found that the magnetic domain of CoCrPtTa on 20 nm Ti underlayer has the continuous stripe pattern but the one of CoCrPtTa on 90 nm Ti underlayer shows the discrete mass type from the results of MFM investigation. This phenomenon is to be a distinct evidence that the improvement of perpendicular anisotropy by the adoption of Ti underlayer is originated from the reinforcement of the grain boundary segregation in CoCrPtTa alloy. Moreover, the transition of the M-H hysteresis pattern with the thickness of Ti underlayer indicates that the major contribution of Ti underlayer is not the magnetocrystalline anisotropy but the shape anisotropy due to the formation of uniform columnar grains by the nonmagnetic alloy segregation.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.251-255
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• 1999

NiFe(60 $\AA$)/Co(0$\AA$$\leq$x$\AA$$\leq$15$\AA$)/Cu(60$\AA$)/Co(30$\AA$) spin valve thin films were prepared on 4$^{\circ}$ tilt-cut Si(111) substrates with a 50 $\AA$ thick Cu underlayer without applying any external magnetic field during the deposition, and the effects of inserted ultrathin Co layer on magnetic anisotropy and GMR properties of the NiFe(60 $\AA$)/Cu(60$\AA$)/Co(30$\AA$) spin valves were investigated. As the ultrathin Co layer was inserted into the NiFe/Cu interface of the spin valves, GMR ratio was increased from about 1.5% to 3.5%, and the easy axis of NiFe(60 $\AA$) layer was rotated by 90$^{\circ}$. Accordingly, it was aligned along the same direction with the easy axis of Co(30 $\AA$)layer. Therefore, squared R-H curves was obtained in the spin valves, which is favorable properties for the digital GMR devices such as MRAM. In order to investigate the change of magnetic anisotropy of NiFe layer of the spin valves in more details,XRD measurement was performed using NiFe(500 $\AA$) and NiFe(500 $\AA$)/Co(10 $\AA$) thin films on the same templates. Strong (220) NiFe peak was observed in both films regardless of the inserted Co layer, so it was thought that the variation of magnetic anisotropy of NiFe layer is from the interface effect, the change of interface from NiFe/Cu to NiFe/Co, rather than the volume effect such as the change of magnetocrystalline effect.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2006

A thorough study about the influences of Mn substitution for Fe on the microstructure and magnetic characteristics of $Fe_{73.5-x}Mn-{x}Si_{13.5}B_{9}Nb_{3}Cu_1$ (x = 1, 3, 5) alloys prepared by the melt-spinning technique has been performed. Nanocomposites composed of nanoscale $(Fe,Mn)_{3}Si$ magnetic phase embedded in an amorphous matrix were obtained by annealing their amorphous alloys at $535^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The addition of Mn causes a slight increase in the mean grain size. The Curie temperatures of the initial amorphous phase and of the nanocrystals phase decreased, while the Curie temperature of the remaining amorphous phase remained nearly constant with increasing Mn content. Soft magnetic properties of the crystallized samples have been significantly improved by a proper thermal treatment. Accordingly, the giant magnetoimpedance effect is observed and ascribed to the increase of the magnetic permeability, and the decrease of the coercivity of the samples. The increased magnetic permeability is resulted from a decrease in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and saturation magnetostriction.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1997

The magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of melt-spun ribbons of the alloys (R0.33Fe0.67)1-xBx (R=Tb0.3Dy0.7 and 0$\leq$x$\leq$0.06) are ivestigated as a function of wheel speed during melt-quenching. The saturation magnetiation of the alloys with a crystalline phase ranges from 70 to 80 emu/g and does not vary substantially with the B content. The saturation magnetization of an amorphous phase, which is formed at the condition of thigh wheel speed and high B content, is reduced significantly, however. The coercive force is minimum at x= 0.02 and increases monotonously with the further increase of B content when the microstructure mainly consists of a crystalline phase, but again it is reduced significantly by the formation of an amorphous phase. The low field sensitivity of magnetostriction with magnetic field is found to be good for the alloys with x$\leq$0.04 over a wide range of wheel speed. This magnetostrictive behavior is in contrast with that observed previously for Dy-Fe and Tb-Fe based alloys and is thought to be due to low intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the compound.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.64-68
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• 1996

Compared with the conventional magnetostriction in Ni alloys which are in the order of several tens ppm (Parts Per Million =10-6), RFe$_2$(R = rare earth element) Laves Phase intermetallic compounds show large saturation magnetostriction in the range of a few thousands ppm. However, the large external magnetic field necessary to obtain saturatio magnetostriction has due to large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy restrained the applicationof magnetostriction materials in RFe$_2$intermetallic compounds. As a result of its solution, the largest published value of effective giant magnetostriction in a low external magnetic field (less than a few hundred Oe) is reported in this paper by means of amorphisation of RFe$_2$intermetallic compounds with the addition of boron, as a half metal. For the amorphous (SmFe$_2$)0.97 B0.03 alloys, the effective magnetostriction of -545 and -610 $\times$ 10-6 is obtained at 400 and 1,000 Ie, respectively. Moreover, the effective magnetostriction of 590 and 630$\times$10-6 in the amorphous (TbFe$_2$)0.98 B0.02 alloys is also found at 400 and 1,000 Oe, respectively. This result will provide a clue to understanding the effect of half metal on anomalous increase of the effective giant magnetostriction and attract the great attention for magnetostriction applications.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2014

The effect of minor element additions (Ca, Al) on microstructural change and magnetic properties of Fe-Nb-Cu-Si-B alloy has been investigated, in this paper. The Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu(-Ca-Al) alloys were prepared by arc melting in argon gas atmosphere. The alloy ribbons were fabricated by melt-spinning, and heat-treated under a nitrogen atmosphere at $520-570^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The soft magnetic properties of the ribbon core were analyzed using the AC B-H meter. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to examine the crystallization behavior of the amorphous alloy ribbon. The microstructure was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The addition of Ca increased the electrical resistivity to reduce the eddy current loss. And the addition of Al decreased the intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy $K_1$ resulting in the increased permeability. The reduction in the size of the ${\alpha}$-Fe precipitates was observed in the alloys containing of Ca and Al. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the additions of Ca and Al notably improved the soft magnetic properties such as permeability, coercivity and core loss in the Fe-Nb-Cu-Si-B base nanocrystalline alloys.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.758-762
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• 1997

52mol% Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$, 26mol% MnO의 조성에서 calcium과 vanadium의 동시첨가에 의한 투자율의 변화원인을 살펴보았다. 초투자율은 첨가물의 농도가 커짐에 따라 감사하였으나 소결체의 밀도나 입자크기는 증가하였으므로 초투자율의 변화는 미세구조의 변화로는 설명되지 않았다. 전기비저항은 첨가물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 이는 입계의 고저항층의 생성과 vanadium ion에 의한 Fe$^{2+}$이온의 산화로 설명되었다. 첨가물의 농도가 증가함에 따라, 초투자율의 제 2차 최대치가 나타나지 않는 것과 초투자율이 감소하는 것으로부터, 결정자기이방성 상수의 값은 음으로 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 투자육의 온도의존성과 비저항의 변화로부터, 첨가물의 농도에 따른 상온 초투자율의 감소는 Fe$^{2+}$ 이온 농도의 감소에 따른 결정자기이방성 상수의 증가에 의한 효과와 입계에 유리질이 생겨 자벽이 쉽게 이동하지 못하는 효과 때문인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.144-148
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• 2008

The size and surface effects on the magnetism of a fcc Fe (001) surface was investigated by performing firstprinciples calculations on 3, 5, 7, and 9 monolayers fcc Fe (001) single slabs with two different two-dimensional lattice constants, ${\alpha}=3.44{\AA}$ (System I) and 3.65 ${\AA}$ (System II), using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method within a generalized gradient approximation. The surface layers were coupled ferromagnetically to the subsurface layer in both systems. However, the magnetism of the inner layers was quite different from each other. While all the inner layers of System II were ferromagnetically coupled in the same way as the surface layer, the inner layers of System I showed a peculiar magnetism, bilayer antiferromagnetism. The calculated spin magnetic moments per Fe atom were approximately 2.7 and 2.9 ${\mu}_B$ at the surface for Systems I and II, respectively, due to the almost occupied Fe d-state being in the majority spin state and band narrowing. The spin orientations of System I were out-of-plane regardless of its thickness, whereas the orientation of System II changed from out-of-plane to in-plane with increasing thickness.