• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.979-985
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the production of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by lactic acid bacteria and to manufacture GABA using rice bran extract-based optimum medium. Electrostatic spraying technology was used to add GABA into the cereals. The isolated Lactobacillus brevis CFM11 produced the highest GABA production up to a concentration of $2,002.93{\mu}g/mL$ when cultivated in MRS broth containing 0.8% monosodium glutamate (MSG). The production level of GABA was $585.80{\mu}g/mL$ in rice bran extract containing 0.4% MSG, 2% sucrose, 1% skim milk, and 0.2% magnesium sulfate. After electrostatic spraying of the cultured suspension onto rice, GABA concentration reached $228.10{\mu}g/g$ while untreated rice reached $32.23{\mu}g/g$. These results demonstrate that rice bran extract can be an economic commercial medium for GABA production as a substitute for MRS broth. This study demonstrates the novel application of electrostatic spraying of GABA into cereal products for the first time.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 1997

A total of 32 human diphyllobothriasis cases have been reported so far in Korea, exclud- ing 21 egg-positive cases from stool examinations. Authors experienced five more human cases of DiphHllobothrium latum infection, especially infected due to eating raw flesh of redlip mullet, Lizc hoematocheiln. Five cases were neighbors residing in the Puchon area, Kyonggi-do, who ate raw mullets (L. hQematocheila) in a party in February 1996. The mul- lets were purchased at the Noryangjin fisheries market in Seoul. All of cases (2 males and 3 females) were 35 to 43 years old and healthy with the body weight range of 56-62 kg. They complained about gastrointestinal trouble and abdominal discomfort, but were in normal ranges of their hematology and urinalysis data. None revealed any sign of anemia The patients experienced natural discharge of a chain of segments before, and showed diphyllobothriid eggs in their stool specimens when they visited our laboratory. They were administered with praziquantel (15 mg/kg of body weight) and 30 g of magnesium sulfate as a purgative. Two whole worms with the scolices (310-340 cm in length; 8-13 mm in width) were expelled each from two out of five cases after anthelmintic treatment, and the others expelled the parts of strobilae without scolex. The worms were identified as D. Ictum, based on the following biological characters. external morphologies, coiling of uterus, the number of uterine loops, position of genital opening, morphologies of cirrus, cirrus sac and seminal vesicle on the histological sections, position of vagina and uterine pore , and microscopical and SEM morphologies of the eggs.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.694-701
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• 2014

The quality characteristics of blanched Aster scaber with the blanching condition and various solutes (non-treated, NT; soluble Ca, SC; sodium bicarbonate, SB; and magnesium sulfate, MS) were evaluated with different blanching times and solutes. The blanching process decreased the total polyphenolics, ascorbic acid contents, hardness, and cutting strength of the leaves. As for the pectinesterase and polygalacturonase, the blanching process increased their inhibitory activities, and more than 90% of them were inactivated in all the samples that were blanched. For the total counts and the number of coliform groups, the number of total aerobes at 5.92-log CFU/g before the blanching process was reduced to the approximately 2-3 log scale, and the coliform group was not detected after the blanching. The blanching also significantly decreased the total chlorophyll a and b ratios. The sensory characteristics of the Aster scaber according to the test group showed that the leaves blanched for 3 min were the most highly evaluated in terms of their overall acceptability. The phenolic compound, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents tended to increase from before their blanching, and the Ca/Cb ratio was higher in the SC. These results showed that SC and MS treatment had greater effects on the quality characteristics and the pigmentation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.435-442
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• 1997

The research was carried out to investigate the contamination of stream water by the acid mine drainage originated from the abandoned coal mines and coal waste rock in Keumsan, Chungnam. The pH, sulfate and chemical compositions in the stream water were analyzed. At the polluted sites, the pH of stream water was the strong acid, ranging from 3.46 to 4.29. The pH shows negative correlations with sulfate, manganese, copper, zinc, iron and magnesium concentrations. Sulfate concentrations of the polluted stream water, 236.73-310.53mg/l, had 10 times more than those of the non-polluted stream water. The concentrations of heavy metals, Mn and Fe, in the polluted water were 0.56 - 0.83mg/l and 5.89 - 10.58mg/l, respectively. The Mn concentrations were 20 times higher than those of the non-polluted stream water. Compared with those in the non-polluted stream water, the Mg and Ca concentrations in the polluted stream water were high because of leaching from rock and soil to water by the acidifications. Calculated AMDI(Acid Mine Drainage Index) values are low in the polluted stream water, relative to those of the non-polluted water.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2010

Deactivation of SCR catalysts applied in coal, orimulsion, and LNG power plants in Korea were studied for the regeneration of the deactivated catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, ICP-AES, BET and SEM, and were examined for ammonia SCR. Deactivation of SCR catalyst applied in coal power plant was mainly caused by the blockade of the pore due to the deposition of sulfate and particulate related to the ingredients of the fuel. The surface area of SCR catalyst applied in orimulsion power plant decreased considerably by the accumulation of the compounds of vanadium, sulfur, and magnesium on the surface of the catalyst. The compounds of vanadium and sulfur were related to the ingredients of the fuel, and the compound of magnesium was related to the additive of the fuel. The activity of the deactivated catalyst for ammonia SCR, however, decreased slightly. Despite the long use for more than two-year, deactivation of SCR catalyst applied in LNG power plants hardly occurred.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

Alternative sources of water are sought in some water stressed communities in the study area. The study focuses on the Aguata-Awka area of southeastern Nigeria. Aquifers occur at great depths, and surface waters may be far from homesteads. The scarcity of water has necessitated the people to adopt various local technologies for harvesting rainfall. The local technology includes collecting rainwater from roofs and channeling the water into large underground tanks, shallow wells and surface reservoirs. Large concrete tanks of $6m{\times}6m{\times}4m$ dimensions are often built underground and can store $144m^3$ of water. Surface reservoirs built on 4 m concrete pillar supports having dimensions of $10m{\times}10m{\times}4m$ and have a storage capacity of $400m^3$. Water samples were collected at 3 different locations of Agulu, Ekwulobia, and Awka and were analyzed for their physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters. Results indicate a range of values for pH, 5.9 to 7.1; turbidity, 0.9 to 2.7; total dissolved solids, 80 to 170 mg/L; total hardness, 4.5 to 6.4 mg/L; magnesium, 1.2 to 1.4 mg/L; bicarbonate, 19.4 to 83.6 mg/L; and sulfate, 3.6 to 6.4 mg/L. Bacteriological analysis results were negative for fecal and total coliform counts. All parameters, with the exception of pH where aluminum and galvanized iron roofs are used for collection, fall within the recommended guidelines for drinking water quality of the World Health Organization, and the Standard Organization of Nigeria, new Nigerian standards for drinking water quality. Magnesium is above the maximum permitted level for consumer acceptability of the Nigerian standards for drinking water quality. The water can be classified as fresh moderately hard and soft. The water can be described as a calcium and bicarbonate type.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 1970

In previous paper, it was reported that antibiotic substance such as tetracycline and streptomycin were produced by S'. albus subsp. and S'. globosus. And increase of mycelial growth of two strains, antibiotic production, and changes of pH range are extended to approximately 110-130 hrs in fermenting medium, there-after they decreased with culture period exception of pH range. Two Streptomyces spp. required commonly 4-5% starch as carbon sources and 1.5-2.0% soybean meal as nitrogen sources. However, 0.005-0.01M potassium phosphate dibasic, calcium carbonate (6mg/ml in S.albus subsp. and 2mg/ml in S. globosus), 0.01-0.03M, magnesium sulgate and 0.01M ferric chloride showed as optimal concentration for the growth of 2 strains. Mineral compoments such as zinc, manganese, cobalt, sodium and copper at the level of 10$^{-4}$ -10$^{-6}$ M were observed. Especially, zinc ion showed toxicity to the growth of 2 strains at 0.005M. In relation with pH, there is a little difference in mycelial growth with cultural initial pH.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.381-393
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• 2017

The inorganic components in tobacco sheet extract have significant influence on the sensory taste of the cigars and the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. To identify the contributions of the divalent inorganic components on harmful components delivery in cigarette smoke, a self-made selective electrodialysis was assembled with monovalent ion-selective ion exchange membranes. The influences of current density and extract content on the desalination performance were investigated. Result indicates that the majorities chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions were removed, comparing with 50-60% of potassium and only less than 10% of magnesium and calcium ions removed in the investigated current density. The permselectivity of the tested cations across the Selemion CSO cation exchange membranes follows the order: $K^+>Ca^{2+}>Mg^{2+}$. A current density of $15mA/cm^2$ is an optional choice by considering both the energy consumption and separation efficiency. When the extract contents are in the range of 7%-20%, the removal ratios the potassium ions are kept around 60%, while the removal ratios of the calcium and magnesium ions fluctuate in the range of 16-27% and 8-14%, respectively. The tobacco smoke experiments indicated that the divalent metal ions have dual roles for the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke. The divalent potassium and calcium ions were unfavorable for the total particulate matter emission but beneficial to decrease the HCN delivery in the mainstream cigarette smoke. The selective electrodialysis is a robust technology to decrease the harmful component delivery in cigarette smoke.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.152-158
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• 1976

Cultivation condition of yeast on the utilization of fermentable substrate from the cellulosic wastes such as rice hull, rice straw and corn starch cake was investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows；1. Corn starch cake was respectively added to rice hull and rice straw in order to increase sugar concentration in the hydrolyzate, and then hydrolyzed. As the result, concentration of sugar in hydrolyzed solution of rice hull was 9.12％, in that of rice straw was 7.98％. 2. It was found that calcium carbonate as a neutralizer was the most effective to prepare the culture broth of yeast. 3. An optimal growth of Hansenula subpelliculosa GFY-2 was observed in the medium prepared by adding 0.3％ of ammonium sulfate, 0.4％ of potassium phosphate dibasic, 0.02％ of magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride and calcium chloride to hydrolyaed sugar solution, respectively. 4. Hansenula subpellicuiosa GFY-2 cultured in the substrate solution which of rice hull and rice straw added to corn starch cake was assimilated more than 90％ of sugar in the hydrolyzate within 48 hours. The yeast cells yielded in rice hull was 46.5％, and that of rice straw 45.4％ to utilized sugars.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.893-896
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• 2008

As this study is to test fundamental properties of cement mortars using in Metakaolin. Recently concern is increasing for concrete durability because of an increase in the concrete structure exposed to bad environments. In the event that mineral admixture Added, microstructure will be fined, so durability can be good. Also, the study for new admixture is progressing expect that admixture widely used, for example, silica fume, fly-ash, and slag, etc. Therefore this study is making an experiment on fundamental properties of diversities sample curing at water, sea water, 10% sodium sulfate solution, and magnesium sulfate solution, to compare using for metakaolin with silica fume and fly-ash.