• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.263-276
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• 2013

Most yacht sails are made of thin fabric, and they have a cambered shape to generate lift force; however, their shape can be easily deformed by wind pressure. Deformation of the sail shape changes the flow characteristics over the sail, which in turn further deforms the sail shape. Therefore, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis is applied for the precise evaluation or optimization of the sail design. In this study, fluid flow analyses are performed for the main sail of a 30-foot yacht, and the results are applied to loading conditions for structural analyses. By applying the supporting forces from the rig, such as the mast and boom-end outhaul, as boundary conditions for structural analysis, the deformed sail shape is identified. Both the flow analyses and the structural analyses are iteratively carried out for the deformed sail shape. A comparison of the flow characteristics and surface pressures over the deformed sail shape with those over the initial shape shows that a considerable difference exists between the two and that FSI analysis is suitable for application to sail design.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.129-156
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• 2005

Increasing discovery cases of underground storage facilities made of earth, wood, or stone are being reported from the recent excavation survey of the Baekje relics. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the structure and function of the underground storage facilities of Baekje following a classification made by the type and building method as follows: plask shape, wooden box shape, and stone box shape. The plask shape storage is the most representative underground storage of Baekje that has been found in numerous relics more than 600 sets around Hangang(Han River) and Geumgang(Geum River) from the Hansung period to Sabi period in Baekje Dynasty. It is a historical artefact as a part of the unique storage culture of Baekje around Hangang and Geumgang from the 3rd to 7th Century. Considering its structure and the example of Chinese one, it might had been used for a long-term storage of grains and various other items including earth wares. The storage facility in wooden box shape and stone box shape are found mostly in the relics Of Sabi period. Thus it might had taken some functions of the storage in traditional pouch shape which had decreased after the 6th Century. In particular, the wooden box shape and stone box shape storage required enormous labor force to build owing to their structure and building method. Thus, they were considered to had been used for official purposes in province fortress and citadel artefact. The wooden box shape storage facility is classified into flat rectangular type and square type based on the structure, and into Gagu type(架構式) and Juheol type(柱穴式) based on the building method. It might had been decided according to the geography and geological feature of the place where the storage was to be built. Considering the examples of Gwanbuk-ri relics and Weolpyong-dong relics, the wooden box shape storage facility might had been used for various items depending on the needs, including foods such as fruits and essential provisions at the military base. Considering the long-term food storage, the examples in Japan, and the functional characteristics of the underground storage facility, there is a possibility that the wooden and stone box shape storage facilities had been built so as to safely store important items in case of fire. This study is only a rudimentary examination for the storage facility in Baekje. Thus further studies are to be made specifically and comprehensively on the comparison with other regions, distribution pattern, discovered relics and artefacts, and functions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.71-74
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• 2004

Recently, with the wide shortage of natural sand resources, it has been increasingly used the crushed sand. rushed sand is made by the process of crushing the rocks artificially, which has different particle properties compared with that of natural sand. Because such different panicle properties of crushed sand results in an undesirable effects of concrete. improvement technology for crushed sand particle properties like grain shape and fine particle needed during the manufacturing process. In this paper, improvement technology of grain shape and fine particle is reported. According to test results, adequate investment for manufacturing facilities like impact crusher and abrasion test machine is required to meet the advanced grain shape and grading of crushed sand. Based on the investigation of test result, mixing of natural land and crushed sand with given proportion can achieve the improvement of grain shape. For improving excessive fine panicle contents. current manufacturing system also can enhance the existing technology for fine particle without additional investment. It can be concluded that adequate investment and research can improve the quality of crushed sand.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.486-493
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• 2010

A shape error of the sheet metal product made by a flexible stretch forming process is occurred by a various forming parameters. A die used in the flexible stretch forming is composed of a punch array to obtain the various objective surfaces using only one die. But gaps between the punches induce the shape error and the defect such as a scratch. Forming parameters of the punch size and the elastic pad to prevent the surface defect must be considered in the flexible die design process. In this study, tendency analysis of shape error according to the forming parameters in the flexible stretch process is conducted using a finite element method. Three forming parameters, which are the punch size, the objective curvature radius and the elastic pad thickness, are considered. Finite element modeling using the punch height calculation algorithm and the evaluation method of the shape error, which is a representative value for the formability of formed surface, are proposed. Consequently, the shape error is in proportion to the punch size and is out of proportion to the objective curvature radius and the elastic pad thickness.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.20-31
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• 2014

This paper deals with the development of a realistic shape optimization of damaged columns that are subjected to conservative and non-conservative forces, using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The analysis is based on the design of the most optimized shape of the column under the constraint of constant weight, considering the Static, Vibrational, and Flutter characteristics. Under the action of conservative and non-conservative longitudinal forces, an elastic column loses its stability. A numerical analysis based on FEM has been performed on a uniform damaged column, to compute the fundamental buckling load, vibration frequency, and flutter load, under various end restraints. An optimization search based on the Genetic Algorithm is then executed, to find the optimal shape design of the column. The optimized column references the one having the highest buckling load, highest vibration frequency, and highest flutter load, among all the possible shapes of the column, for a given volume. A comparison is then made between the values obtained for the optimized damaged column, and those obtained for the optimized undamaged column. The comparison reveals that the incorporation of damage in the column alters its optimal shape to only a certain extent. Also, the critical load and frequency values for the optimized damaged column are comparatively low, compared with those obtained for the optimized undamaged column. However, these results hold true only for moderate-intensity damage cases. For high intensity damage, the optimal shape may not remain the same, and may vary, according to the severity of damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.266-269
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• 2002

This paper explores a fundamental study of acquiring the users' KANSEI information regarding the recognition of shape models. Since there are many differences such as background differences and knowledge differences among users, they will produce different evaluations based on their KANSEI even when an identical shape model is presented. Cluster analysis is proved to be available for catching a group tendency and for constructing a mapping relation between a description of the shape model and the HANSEl database. In order to investigate an analogical relation and a mutual influence in our consciousness, first, we made a questionnaire that asked subjects to represent images having different colors and shape cones by using 4 pairs of adjectives (KANSEI words). Next, based on the cluster analysis of the questionnaire using a fuzzy set theory, we proposed a hypothesis showing how the analogical relation and the mutual influence work in our mind while viewing the shape models. Furthermore, how the properties of KANSEI depend on their descriptions was also investigated by virtue of the cluster analysis. This work will be valuable to construct a personal KANSEI database regarding the Shape Model Processing System.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2019

The reliability of the data means the overall consistency of the measurement results. Methods for evaluating reliability have been continuously studied because it affects the results of the statistical analysis. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient or intraclass correlation coefficient is used for reliability evaluation; however, these measures cannot be applied to data consisting of three-dimensional coordinates to represent an object. In this study, we propose a measure to evaluate the reliability of three dimensional shapes based on statistical shape analysis that is made possible by extracting the shape information from the measured three dimensional coordinates and decomposing the shape variation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.221-232
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• 1995

It was aimed to study the costume of Koryo dynasty based upon the one hundred and thirty four pictures of the engraved painting on the wood. The costume to study were made about 400 years during the King Mok-jong(1006) to the forth year of the king Wu based upon the Avatamaka Sutra and Pulsul-Yaesu 가) Men's wear 1. Hair style and hair dress ; Man tied up a top knot and they put on the hat such as a Kuan, Kun, and Mo. The young boys binds his hair up one, two, and three knots. 2. Clothes : 1) King wore an uniform of Mien-lu Kuan system. 2) The Crown Prince and high rank officials wore Yuan-yu-Kuan Won-jung-po-ju-Kuan, Sa-bang-Kuan, Yun-wha-Kuan and montain shape Po-ju-Kuan as a court dress. 3) Officials put on the Pok-du as an official dress and Won-jung-ip-mo, Kun and Mo as an everyday dress, the monk put on the diamond shape Do-kuan and Du-kun and the soldier put on the Helmet. Costume system of man was as follows ; They wore exchanged shape collar, big sleeve jacket, long skirt, apron, hanging precious stone big belt as a Mien-pok. 4) The soldiers wore helmet, Keun-Kap, Scarf, Pee-Bak, Hung-Kap, Pok-Kap, Yang-Dang-Kap, We-Yo-Kap, Kum-Kap, and caries arms. Lower-level officials wore Pe-Bal, Kun-Mo, gae, won-leung, very small sleve jacket, a long coat reaching up to the knee length, slacks, belt, loin cloth and apron. 5) Children's bind their hair up angle shape and wore a half long jacket raching up to the hip and slacks. 나) Women's wear; 1. hair style and hair dress; 1) High rank women's hair style was very extravaganceful. They made their hair top knot (one, two, or more knots) and decoraed precious stone, pan shape head dress, wheel shape head dress, and flower shape precious stone decorated head dress. 2. Clothes ; 1) High rank ladi's wore Kun-Kyun attached jacket, and jacket sleeves decorated pleats, and pleats decorated long skirt, apron, back apron, knot belt, scarf, this type is the same with Dang Dynasty, five dynasty of china, Song, Kum, Won, Myung Dynasty, and our costume of Poe-hae, and Shilla Dyansty. 2) Official ladies wore exchange shape collor, big sleeve jacket, long pleats skirt, apron, and back apron, scarf. 3) Women wore top knot hair style and decorated by ribbons. Shoulder scarf attached small sleeve jacket and wore reaching up to the knee length. Side seam is open and under wear was long skirt. 4) High knot hair style and exchanged shape collor jacket, under wear wore long skirt. They wore under skirts and the jackets. 5) High knot hair style, exchange shape collor jacket reaching up to the knee length small sleeve under wear wore long skirt, belt. 6) High knot hair style, big sleeve jacket and long skirt. 7) Foot wear wore boots, mokasin type shoes, sandal.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.104-108
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• 2009

Rapid urbanization resulted in expansion of urban area and increase of population bringing deepened housing shortage. Supply-oriented housing policy made apartment a representative residential space in Korea in spite of the short history of apartment. This study analyzed the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the microclimate in the complex depending on the number of floors. The purpose of this study was to present the basic data in developing apartment complex to solve problems like the stagnation of pollution source and the rise of temperature due to the declined ventilation in apartment complex, and the worsened urban heat island phenomenon due to the impeded flow of wind. This study rearranged the shape and arrangement of main building by year and the tendency of the number of floors by year in the process of change, by generalizing the process of change of apartment complex, a representative modern residential space through preliminary research. Based on it, 8 object lot by age was selected and simulated by using Envi-met. Simulation identified that the change of apartment complex takes place having a positive effect on microclimate in the apartment complex and the microclimate in the apartment complex is influenced a lot by the shape of complex. If in future apartment complex plan, a systematic legal criteria of design is made about the shape and arrangement of main building, it might have a positive effect on the improvement of microclimate in the apartment complex, a representative residential space in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.317-346
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• 1989

A congnitive shape decomposition method that agrees with human intuition is proposed for the conceptual recognition from sillouettes of objects. Descriptions specifying the structure of shape in terms of meaningful parts and relations have cognitive power and anthropomorphism. In general, man-made objects have a lot of collinear lines and regularity. For the cognitive decomposition of man-made objects, many heuristic rules based on the cognitive experimentation are applied on the context of collinerarity and regularity. The cognitive shape decomposition for the natural shape is carried out by analyzing the possible configuraitions of vertices and line segments for one concave vertex. A cost function for the configuation is designed by weighted sum of five criteria such as, the length of split line segment, the number of split line segments at concave vertex, the proximity of concave vertex, and the correspondence of vertices. These criteria are vased on the property of human perception such as proximtiy, symmetry, and simplicity. The most promising vertex os selected among three set of visible vertices by evaluating the cost function. A number of experiments conducted on the different types of shapes shows that the results correspond with human intuition.