• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.407-418
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• 2016

In this study, the phylogenetic relationship of Korean Hydrangea was evaluated by using sequenced three chloroplast regions and ITS region, including the 7 taxa. The result of phylogenetic analysis indicated that Korean Hydrangea, 7 taxa formed the monophyletic group. This analysis also revealed that subsect. Macrophyllae of Korea was separated into two groups; H. serrata f. acuminate and H. macrophylla group. The H. serrata f. acuminta group was included with H. serrata f. buergeri and H. serrata f. fertilis. These three species form a monophyletic clade, with no significant differences between their nucleotide sequences. The H. serrata f. acuminta group showed a monophyletic group with H. serrata f. buergeri and H. serrata f. fertilis and there is significant differences between their nucleotide sequences. H. macrophylla group was an independent clade distinguished by H. serrate f. acuminate group. Subsect. Petalanthe, Heteromallae and Calyptranthae form a monophyletic group. H. petiolaris which is located in Subsect. Calyptranthae was separated into two subgroups; First subgroup: Jeju island (except for Mt. Halla) and Second subgroup: Ulleung island and Japan. Additional studies of two subgroups of H. petiolaris should be conducted a geographical study and add more samples.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Penicillium purpurogenum ED76 on several clinically important microorganisms. The endophytic fungus P. purpurogenum ED76 was previously isolated from Swietenia macrophylla leaf. The antimicrobial efficacy of P. purpurogenum ED76 dichloromethane extract was determined via disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay. A kill curve study was conducted and the morphology of extract treated bacterial cells were viewed under scanning electron microscope. The dichloromethane extract showed significant inhibitory activity on 4 test bacteria and 2 test yeasts. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract ranged from 125 to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$, which indicates the different susceptibility levels of the test microorganisms to the fungal extract. The kill curve study has revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition for all test microorganisms. With the increase of the extract concentration, the microbial growth was significantly reduced. The scanning electron micrograph of dichloromethane extract-treated Staphylococcus aureus cells showed the total damage of the cells. The cell wall invagination of the bacterial cells also indicates the loss of cellular materials and metabolic activity. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the extract also showed that the major compound was stigmasterol, which constitutes 45.30% of the total area. The dichloromethane extract of P. purpurogenum ED76 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on several clinically important bacteria and yeasts. The study proposed a possible mode of action that the extract cause significant damage to the morphology of S. aureus cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

Ninety lactating goats (Bachthao, Barbary, Beetal and Jamnapary breeds) were used in an experiment to investigate the replacement value of the tree fodders Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) and Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). The foliages were used to replace the concentrate in diets based on chopped whole sugar cane (Sacharatum sp.), Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) and dried cassava root (Manihot esculanta). The concentrate was replaced by foliage of Jackfruit or Flemingia at 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% based on the crude protein (CP) content in the concentrate and foliages, respectively. Average milk yield was 1,617 g/day for goats fed Jackfruit compared to 1,532 g/day for those fed Flemingia. Increasing amounts of Flemingia foliage resulted in reduced dry matter intake and decreased milk yield but milk composition (CP, casein and fat content) was similar up to 60% replacement. Flemingia showed a poor potential as a supplement for lactating goats and replacement levels should not exceed 20% of the protein in the concentrate or 7.5% of the dry matter in the diet. With respect to the combination of milk production and net return over the control a CP replacement rate of 20% was the most promising. For Jackfruit there was similar feed intake and milk yield at a replacement level of 20% of CP in the concentrate (9.2% of DM intake) compared to the control diet. Milk yield at the level of 40% replacement (15% of the DM) in the diet was slightly reduced. Up to a level of CP replacement rate of 60% (21% DM in the diet) can be suggested for on-farm testing as a higher net return over the control was obtained on station.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2016

Leaf chlorophyll content provides valuable information about physiological status of plants. However, fewer studies have investigated the difference in chlorophyll concentration in leaves of tropical afforestation tree species. Therefore, this study examines the difference in foliar chlorophyll contents of six tropical afforestation tree species namely: Tectona grandis, Pentaclethra macrophylla, Piptademiastrum africanum, Azadirachta indica, Brachystegia eurycoma and Gmelina arborea found in the relict forest in Umudike, South east, Nigeria. A single factor experiment in a completely randomised design in three replicates was employed to analyse the rate of leaf chlorophyll contents. Fisher's least significant different was used to test for significance in mean difference in foliar chlorophyll contents between tree species at 95% confidence interval using analysis of variance. The results of this study showed a significant difference in foliar chlorophyll concentration between the tree species with Tectona grandis having a higher chlorophyll concentration than other trees this could be as a result of its higher vegetative activity which increases its primary productivity followed by Pentaclethra macrophylla while Azadirachta indica having least the chlorophyll concentration. The study further revealed that other indigenous tree species like Piptademiastrum africanum and Brachystegia eurycoma have higher chlorophyll concentration. Further studies should be carry out to examine factors that have contributed informed the differences in the chlorophyll concentration of these trees species, thus this would broaden the understanding of their physiological status and equally encourage there conservation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.328-335
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• 2017

The Korean medicinal plant name written in Chinese script, Jingyo, is somewhat confusingly used in the Korean modern literature. This name was assigned to at least three species, with examples being Gentiana macrophylla, Aconitum pseudolaeve, and Justicia procumbens. To clarify the taxonomic identity of Jingyo, these names were examined based on the Chinese classics and Korean classics and compared them with the modern flora of both China and Korea. In China, Jingyo was considered as Justicia gendarussa or Gentiana macrophylla. In Korea, Jingyo was considered as A. pseudolaeve or J. procumbens. However, it was concluded that Jingyo is not distributed on the Korean Peninsula. In addition, although the Hangeul name Jinbeom was the result of the misreading of the Chinese script Jinbong, another Chinese term for Jingyo, this name is used in many modern studies related plant taxonomy. Hence, we also propose Jinbeom as the conserved Hangeul name of A. pseudolaeve.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2006

To study for proper growing conditions of Hydrangea macrophylla var. acuminata, used as ornamental trees or sources of natural sweetenings and biological active compounds, two-year-old cuttings of the plant were subjected to different conditions, light intensity, watering, and fertilizing levels. Photosynthetic rates measured on October 2 differed significantly between two light intensity regimes, but the values measured on September 3 were not significantly different. Mean photosynthetic rates on the plot watered three times a week were higher than the cuttings on the plot watered once a week. Mean photosynthetic rates on the plot fertilized 200grams/cuttings were slightly higher than those of the cuttings on the control plot. Chlorophyll contents measured on August 2 and on September 3 were significantly different between the light intensity regimes. Chlorophyll contents measured on August 2 were significantly different between the moisture regimes, but not significantly different between the fertilizing levels. Means of leaf growth(length and width) measured the highest values on the plot watered three times a week, and on the plot in full-sun lighted.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.613-620
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed at studying the potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle. Methods: Four, Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four levels of Flemingia hay meal (FHM) were used to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the concentrate mixtures in four dietary treatments replacing levels at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% of SBM. Results: The experimental findings revealed that replacements did not effect on intake of rice straw, concentrate and total dry matter (DM) intake (p>0.05). However, the apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber were linearly increased up to 100% replacement levels. Moreover, the production of total volatile fatty acids, and propionate concentration were enhanced (p<0.05) whereas the concentration of acetate was reduced in all replacement groups. Consequently, the CH4 production was significantly lower when increasing levels of FHM for SBM (p<0.05). Furthermore, rumen bacterial population was additionally increased (p<0.05) while protozoal population was clearly decreased (p<0.05) in all replacement groups up to 100%. In addition, microbial nitrogen supply and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were enhanced (p<0.05), as affected by FHM replacements. Conclusion: The findings under this experiment suggest that 100% FHM replacement in concentrate mixture enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrients digestibilities, bacterial population, microbial protein synthesis, and subsequently reduced CH4 production in beef cattle fed on rice straw.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 1994

The geographical distribution and soil characteristics of Korean Elaeagnus plants were investigated by literatures, field survey and soil analysis. Deciduous E. umbellata was distributed throughout the Korean peninsula including western and southern islands. Distribution area of evergreen Elaeagnus plants was classified into three groups; E. macrophylla and E. glabra belonged to group l occurring in the southern, western and eastern islands; E. submacrophylla to group 2 occurring in the southern and western islands; E. maritima and E. ankaii to group 3 in the southern islands only. Deciduous E. umbellata appeared euryeciously from poor soil to rich one, whereas evergreen Elaegnus plants appeared stenoeciously in haline soil near coast.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2005

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.158-169
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• 1983

An investigation on the floras of Osik island and its neighboring two islands, 13km west of Gunsan, showed that there were a total of 305 kinds belonging to 81 families, 132 genus, 259 species, 42 varieties, 4 formas. Of the 305 kinds collected 213 kinds were herb and 92 kinds were woody plant. Seven species of evergreen broad-leaved trees including Euonymus japonica T., Eurya japonica T. and Elaeagnus macrophylla T. etc. are listed in the Norae-sum and Ga-do. The vegetations of Norae-sum and Ga-do were more favorable than that of Osik-do which vegetation was destructed by human inerferences. Coastal plants in these areas were about 30 species. It is interest that the floras of these areas were very similar to that of Gogunsangun-do (r=0.97) inspite of adjacency to inland area.