Korean Journal of Microbiology (미생물학회지)

The Microbiological Society of Korea (한국미생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antimicrobial efficacy of endophytic Penicillium purpurogenum ED76 against clinical pathogens and its possible mode of action

  • Yenn, Tong Woei (Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Ibrahim, Darah (Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Chang, Lee Kok (Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Ab Rashid, Syarifah (Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Ring, Leong Chean (Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology) ;
  • Nee, Tan Wen (School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia) ;
  • Noor, Muhamad Izham bin Muhamad (Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia)
  • Received : 2017.04.11
  • Accepted : 2017.07.11
  • Published : 2017.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Penicillium purpurogenum ED76 on several clinically important microorganisms. The endophytic fungus P. purpurogenum ED76 was previously isolated from Swietenia macrophylla leaf. The antimicrobial efficacy of P. purpurogenum ED76 dichloromethane extract was determined via disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay. A kill curve study was conducted and the morphology of extract treated bacterial cells were viewed under scanning electron microscope. The dichloromethane extract showed significant inhibitory activity on 4 test bacteria and 2 test yeasts. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract ranged from 125 to $1,000{\mu}g/ml$, which indicates the different susceptibility levels of the test microorganisms to the fungal extract. The kill curve study has revealed a concentration-dependent inhibition for all test microorganisms. With the increase of the extract concentration, the microbial growth was significantly reduced. The scanning electron micrograph of dichloromethane extract-treated Staphylococcus aureus cells showed the total damage of the cells. The cell wall invagination of the bacterial cells also indicates the loss of cellular materials and metabolic activity. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of the extract also showed that the major compound was stigmasterol, which constitutes 45.30% of the total area. The dichloromethane extract of P. purpurogenum ED76 exhibited significant inhibitory activity on several clinically important bacteria and yeasts. The study proposed a possible mode of action that the extract cause significant damage to the morphology of S. aureus cells.

Keywords

References

  1. Andhale, J.D., Misra, R.N., Gandham, N.R., Angadi, K.M., Jadhav, S.V., Vyawahare, C.R., Pawar, M., and Hatolkar, S. 2016. Incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with special reference to drug resistance and biofilm formation from clinical samples in tertiary care hospital. J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 6, 6-10.
  2. Ciusa, M.L., Furi, L., Knight, D., Decorosi, F., Fondi, M., Raggi, C., and Freitas, A.T. 2012. A novel resistance mechanism to triclosan that suggests horizontal gene transfer and demonstrates a potential selective pressure for reduced biocide susceptibility in clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 40, 210-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.021
  3. Darah, I., Chong, C.L., and Lim, S. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Swietenia macrophylla leaves. Nat. Prod. Commun. 9, 247-250.
  4. Darah, I., Chong, C.L., Tong, W.Y., Latiffah, Z., and Lim, S. 2015. Effect of the extract of endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sphaerica CL-OP 30, against the growth of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumonia cells. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 14, 2091-2097. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v14i11.20
  5. Friedman, N.D., Elizabeth, T., and Yehuda, C. 2016. The negative impact of antibiotic resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 5, 416-422.
  6. Geweely, S. and Neveen, S. 2011. Investigation of the optimum condition and antimicrobial activities of pigments from four potent pigment-producing fungal species. J. Life Sci. 5, 201-205.
  7. Ghanem, K.M., Ghanem, N.B., and El-Refai, A.H. 1990. Ergosterol production under optimized conditions by Penicillium crustosum Thom. Islamic J. Acad. Sci. 3, 30-34.
  8. Levison, M.E. 2000. Pharmacodynamics of antibacterial drugs. Infect. Dis. North Am. 14, 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70248-8
  9. Navarrete, M., Eduardo, A., and Jai, E. 2012. The effect of acetylated xylan and sugar beet pulp on the expression and secretion of enzymes by Penicillium purpurogenum. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 93, 723-741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3744-y
  10. Padmapriya, C., Murugesan, R., and Gunasekaran, S. 2015. Standardization of process parameters for production of red pigment from Penicillium purpurogenum under submerged fermentation. Madras Agricul. J. 3, 102-107.
  11. Pandey, A., Agrawal, S., Bhatia, A.K., and Saxena, A. 2015. In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity of Calotropis Procera and Coriandum sativum against various pathogens. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci. 4, 33-44.
  12. Pandey, A. and Shweta, S. 2016. Aloe vera: A systematic review of its industrial and ethno-medical efficacy. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci. 5, 21-33.
  13. Patil, S.A., Sivanandhan, G., and Thakare, D.B. 2015. Effect of physical and chemical parameters on the production of red exopigment from Penicillium purpurogenum isolated from spoilt onion and study of its antimicrobial activity. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. 4, 599-609.
  14. Rahman, A.K.M.S., Chowdhury, A.K.A., Ali, H.A., Raihan, S.Z., Ali, M.S., Nahar, L., and Sarker, S.D. 2009. Antibacterial activity of two limonoids from Swietenia mahagoni against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. J. Nat. Med. 63, 41-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-008-0287-3
  15. Sanchez, P.L., Varcalcel, L., Escobar, A., and Noa, M. 2007. Polyphenol and phytosterol composition in an antibacterial extract from Rhizophora mangle L. bark. J. Herb. Pharmacother. 7, 107-110.
  16. Strobel, G. and Daisy, B. 2003. Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 4, 491-502.
  17. Tan, R.X. and Zou, W.X. 2001. Endophytes: a rich source of functional metabolites. Nat. Prod. Rep. 18, 448-459. https://doi.org/10.1039/b100918o
  18. Thambi, M. and Shafi, M.P. 2015. Rhizome essential oil composition of Costus speciosus and its antimicrobial properties. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci. 4, 28-32.
  19. Tong, W.Y., Ang, S.N., Darah, I., and Latiffah, Z. 2014. Antimicrobial activity of Penicillium minioluteum ED24, an endophytic fungus residing in Orthosiphon Stamineus benth. World J. Pharm. Sci. 3, 121-132.
  20. Tong, W.Y., Chong, C.L., Darah, I., and Latiffah, Z. 2012. Enhancement of anti-candidal activity of endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. ED2, isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, by incorporation of host plant extract in culture medium. J. Microbiol. 50, 581-585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2083-8
  21. Zakaria, N.A., Ibrahim, D., Shaida, S.F., and Supardy, N.A. 2011. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of hexane extract from Malaysian red algae, Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borgesen. World Appl. Sci. J. 15, 496-501.

Cited by

  1. Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94, A Promising Endophytic Fungus of Ocimum sanctum with Antimicrobial Activity vol.27, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.34172/ps.2020.79