• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.273-277
• /
• 2003

Salicornia herbacea is an annual herb growing in salt marshes and on muddy seashores. Salicornia herbacea has been used as a fork medicine as well as a seasoned vegetable. In fork medicine, Salicornia herbacea has been used to treat a variety of diseases such as constipation, obesity, diabetes, asthma, arthritis and cancer. However, the biological mechanisms for these activities have not been characterized, nor the active components. The immunomodulatory activity of Salicornia herbacea components were studied in the present study. The components of Salicornia herbacea were prepared from the whole plant by passage through a fine screen, and then dialyzed against PBS overnight. Immunomodulatory activities of the Salicornia herbacea components were examined on a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. The Salicornia herbacea components were shown to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and expression of surface molecules in a dose dependent manner. The Salicornia herbacea components also induced further differentiation of slightly adherent RAW 264.7 cell into strongly adherent macrophages. These results indicate that Salicornia herbacea contains immunomodulator(s) that induces activation of macrophages.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2013

Thirteen phenolic compounds, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2), (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (3), 3,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (4), 2,3-dihydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one (5), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (6), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (7), methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (8), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (9), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (10), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (11), 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (12) and benzene-1,2,4-triol (13) were isolated from the heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan. Their anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated against LPS-induced NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Among them, compounds 3 and 8 showed strong inhibitory activities toward the LPS-induced NO production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 14.5 and 21.5 ${\mu}M$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1995

The cultured mycelial cells of Ganoderma lucidum was extracted by alkali, and then neutralized by acid. The extract was passed through the column of DEAE cellulose for more purification. The neutral fraction was concentrated and precipitated with 95% ethanol. The precipitate was lyophilized and then PSG(polysaccharides) was obtained. PSG was composed of 82.2% polysaccharide, 0.7% protein and 17.1% uronic acid. Sugar conjugates of its hydrolysates were produced using with fluorescent compound(7-amino-1,3-naphthalene disulfonic aicd : 7-AGA), and then fluorescent labeled sugar conjugates were separated by reverse phase high perfomance liquid chromatography. Hydrolysates of PSG were composed of sixteen amino acids and 95.7% glucose, 2.7% xylose, 1.6% fucose and tract amount of galactose and mannose. The immunomodulating effects of PSG on macrophage were perfomed using murine macrophage cell line ATCC TIB 71 cells. PSG augumented the phagocytic activity of TIB 71 cells against fluorescent latex beads.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2023.04a
• /
• pp.42-42
• /
• 2023

Paeonia lactiflora roots (PLR) are a traditional medicinal plant used to treat inflammatory diseases. Recently, PLR has been reported to increase the secretion of immune regulatory factors and enhance phagocytic activity in macrophages. Therefore, in this study, we compared the macrophage activation induced by PLR under different extraction conditions. PLR extracts at temperatures ranging from 4℃ to 60℃ increased the secretion of immune regulatory factors, but the secretion slightly decreased at 80℃. Under time-based extraction conditions at 60℃, immune regulatory factor secretion by PLR extracts was similar from 1 to 24 hours. Therefore, considering the overall results of this study, extracting PLR at 60℃ for 1 hour is considered the optimal condition for macrophage activation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 1987

Polysaccharide fraction isolated from Coriolus versicolor (Copolang) was studied on the antitumor activity and immunostimulation activities with reference to PS-K. Copolang showed nearly equal antitumor activities to the PS-K and exhibited marked augmentation effects on the antibody mediated hypersensitivity reaction, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction and NK-cell activity in tumor bearing mice. But it did not show any noticeable effect on the antibody secreting cell and macrophage function in normal mice. These results indicate that the antitumor activity and immunostimulating effect of Copolang are comparable to those of PS-K.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.1226-1236
• /
• 2018

Ovotransferrin (OTF) is a well-known protein of the transferrin family with strong iron chelating activity, resulting in its antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, OTF is known to have antioxidant, anticancer, and antihypertensive activities. However, there have been few studies about the immune-enhancing activity of OTF. In current study, we investigated the immune-enhancing activity of OTF using the murine macrophage cells in vitro. The effect of OTF on production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were determined using Griess assay and quantitative real-time PCR. Using Neutral Red uptake assay, we confirmed the effect of OTF on phagocytic activity of macrophages. Ovotransferrin significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and secretion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA with no cytotoxic activity. Ovotransferrin (2 mg/mL) stimulated NO production up to $31.9{\pm}3.5{\mu}M$. Ovotransferrin significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), Interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), and IL-6: OTF (2 mg/mL) treatment increased the secretion of mRNA for TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 by 22.20-, 37.91-, and 6.17-fold of the negative control, respectively. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was also increased by OTF treatment significantly compared with negative control. Also, OTF treatment increased phosphorylation level of MAPK signaling pathways. These results indicated that OTF has immune-enhancing activity by activating RAW 264.7 macrophages via MAPK pathways.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2012

The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL(oxLDL) is captured into macrophage and stimulates to form macrophage foam cell. And it can induce an inflammation and smooth muscle proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. Objective : In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Bupleuri radix(SH) on the foam cell formation, a critical initiation stage of atherosclerosis. Methods : To achieve the goal, we examined the effect of SH on LDL oxidation, nitric oxide production in RAW264.7, and the effect of SH on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity, LDH release, and macrophage activity. Results : SH inhibited the formation of oxidized LDL from native LDL in RAW264.7 cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. In other experiments, SH activated RAW264.7 cell, and prolonged the survival time, and inhibited foam cell formation induced by oxLDL in Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusion : These results showed that SH might prevent atherosclerosis by controlling the early stages of foam cell formation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 2020

Recently, as a natural substance has been emphasized interest in research to enhance the immune function. Green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a popular vegetable used fresh and it contains various phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds, and has been reported to have various physiological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and anti-mutagenic. However, only a few studies have investigated on the mechanism of action of immune-enhancing activity of lettuce. Therefore, in this study, the immunomodulatory activities and potential mechanism of action of Green lettuce extracts (GLE) were evaluated in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. GLE significantly increased NO levels by RAW264.7 cells, as well as expressions of immunomodulators such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and MCP-1. Although GLE activated ERK1/2, p38, JNK and NF-κB, GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators was dependent on p38, JNK and NF-κB. In addition, TLR4 inhibition blocked GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators and activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB. Taken together, these results demonstrated that TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways participated in GLE-induced macrophage activation and GLE could be developed as a potential immunomodulating functional food.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2004

The cytotoxic effect of iron was examined in peritoneal macrophage to determine contributing factors by iron injection to rat. Viability was reduced by 24% by the iron-overload and by 30% by short-term iron addition. Total iron was increased by 45% in the iron-overloaded with remarkable elevation (9 to 14 fold) in the presence of $FeSO_4$. Free calcium was also increased by 19% in control and 44% in iron-overloaded group due to additional $FeSO_4$ NO and MDA were increased by 40% and 136%, respectively, with significant reduction (37%) of NAD(P)H. RCR and cytochrome c oxidase activity were lowered approximately by 10% with reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Addition of iron was frequently associated with altered distribution of mitochondria of high membrane potential in the iron-overloaded macrophage. These results suggest altered mitochondria with high NO and low NAD(P)H due to iron.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2003

Objective : As a link in chain of research to confirm the oriental medical prescription which has the anti-atherosclerosis effects, this research evaluated the effects on the macrophage-related factors by using KanghwalSokdantang(KS). Methods : In order to perform this research, we have evaluated the effects on the oxLDL formation from the macrophages, the nitric oxide formation, and the oxidation of macrophages. Thus, with this evaluation, we have investigated the applicapability on the artherosclerosis. Results : KanghwalSokdantang has showed a noticeable reduction of protein oxidation in the process of oxLDL formation, has remarkably restrained phospholipid peroxidation, an index to estimated the phospholipid oxidation and reduction that are formed in the process of macrophage's oxLDL formation, and has increased the nitrite concentration noticeably in the LDL-dealing macrophages. By increasing the survival rate of macrophages, KanghwalSokdantang has restrained the cellular damages. KanghwalSokdantang is ineffective on the LDH outflow from damaged cells. $1{\mu}g/ml$ KanghwalSokdantang sample has increased acid phosphatase activity remarkably. Conclusion : KanghwalSokdantang has the possibility to be used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, which is formed by the oxLDL formation of macrophages.