• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2015

본 연구는 3년산 북방전복을 해상가두리에서 1년 동안 수용밀도별로 양식순기에 따라 사육하여 성장 및 생존율 조사를 통해 적정 수용밀도를 구명하고 생산성을 향상시키고자 수행하였다. 해상가두리 ($2.4{\times}1.2m$) 내 수용밀도는 셀터 단면적 (square meter, $m^2$, sq m) 당 점유율로 15, 30, 45, 60 percentage (= per)/sq m로 설정하여 2반복으로 실시하였다. 사육기간 동안 수온은 $8.2^{\circ}C-22.1^{\circ}C$, 염분은 평균 $33.5{\pm}0.6psu$, 용존산소는 평균 $7.87{\pm}0.86mg/L$이었다. 월별 각장변화에서는 2014년 5월, 7월부터 10월, 2015년 4월에 15 per/sq m, 30 per/sq m가 45 per/sq m, 60 per/sq m보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P < 0.05). 각장의 FML, AGR, DGR, SGR과 각폭의 FMB, AGR, DGR은 15 per/sq m와 30 per/sq m는 45 per/sq m, 60 per/sq m보다 유의적으로 높았고 (P < 0.05), 각폭의 SGR에서 60 per/sq m는 모든 실험구 보다 낮았다 (P < 0.05). 중량에 대한 FMW, WG, DWG, SWG에서도 같은 결과를 나타내었다 (P < 0.05). 생존율에서는 15 per/sq m, 30 per/sq m가 50%이상으로 45 per/sq m, 60 per/sq m 보다 유의적으로 높았다 (P < 0.05). 따라서, 본 실험결과 70 mm 이상의 3년산 북방전복의 해상가두리 내 적정 수용밀도는 셀터 총 단면적 기준으로 15 per/sq m ($2.4{\times}2.4m$, 1칸 당 354마리) 가 빠른 성장과 생존율을 위한 적정 수용밀도지만 경제성을 고려할 경우 30 per/sq m ($2.4{\times}2.4m$, 1칸 당 710마리) 수용해야 한다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.363-404
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• 1995

This study is to set up a model of minimum and optimum standards for college and university library building areas in Korea. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. minimum standards(proposal) At first, Areas needed by factors of space component are as follows: User space --- 0.45 $m^{2}$ per student. Collection space --- 0.0107 $m^{2}$ per volume Staff space --- 10.1 $m^{2}$ per person Space attached to user, collection and staff space --- 5% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas(0.041 $m^{2}$ per student). Nonassignable space --- 25% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas (0.21 $m^{2}$ per student). Next, the formula to calculate the total area of the college and university library building is as follows: N = 0.45T $m^{2}$(a) + 0.0107V $m^{2}$(b) + 10.1S $m^{2}$(c) + 0.05(a+b+c) $m^{2}$, NS = 0.25N $m^{2}$. 2. Optimum standards(proposal) At first, Areas needed by factors of space component are as follows: User spae --- 0.64 $m^{2}$) per student. Collection space --- 0.01 $m^{2}$ per volume Staff space --- 9.7 $m^{2}$ per person Space attached to user, collection and staff space --- 5% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas(0.073 $m^{2}$ per student). Nonassignable space --- 25% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas(0.38 $m^{2}$ per student). Next, the formula to calculate the total area of the college and university library building is as follows: N = 0.64T $m^{2}$(a) + 0.01V $m^{2}$(b) + 9.7S $m^{2}$(c) + 0.05(a+b+c) $m^{2}$, NS = 0.25N $m^{2}$.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2006

The molecular components that generate and maintain circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior in mammals are present both in the brain (suprachiasmatic nucleus; SCN) and in peripheral tissues. Examination of mice with targeted disruptions of either mPer1 or mPer2 has shown that these two genes have key roles in the SCN circadian clock. Here we show that loss of the clock gene mPer2 affects forced locomotor performance in mice without altering muscle contractility. A proteomic analysis revealed that the anterior tibialis muscles of the mPer2 knockout mice had higher levels of glycolytic enzymes such as triose phosphate isomerase and enolase than those of either the wild type or mPer1 knockout mice. In addition, the level of expression of HSP90 in the mPer2 mutant mice was also significantly higher than in wildtype mice. These results suggest that the reduced locomotor endurance of the mPer2 knockout mice reflects a greater dependence on anaerobic metabolism under stress conditions, and that the two canonical clock genes, mPer1 and mPer2, play distinct roles in the physiology of skeletal muscle.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2005

Most living organisms exhibit the circadian rhythm in their physiology and behavior. Recent identification of several clock genes in mammals has led to the molecular understanding of how these components generate and maintain the circadian rhythm. Many reports have implicated the photic induction of either mPer1 or mPer2 in the hypothalamic region called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to phase shift the brain clock. It is now established that peripheral tissues other than the brain also express these clock genes and that the clock machinery in these tissues work in a similar way to the SCN clock. To determine the role of the two canonical clock genes, mPer1 and mPer2, in the peripheral clock shift, stable HEK293EcR cell lines that can be induced and stably express these proteins were prepared. By regulating the expression of these proteins, it could be shown that induction of the clock genes, either mPer1 or mPer2 alone is not sufficient to cause clock phase shifting in these cells. Our real-time PCR analysis on these cells indicates that the induction of mPER proteins dampens the expression of the clock-specific transcription factor mBmal1. Altogether, our present data suggest that mPer1 and mPer2 may not function in clock shift or take part in differential roles on the peripheral circadian clock.

• 교육시설
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2006

This paper considered the situation of the school building facilities in the university classified by the campus characteristics. Data were collected from 224 universities campus of 180 4 year colleges. The results are as follows: 1) The floor area of school building facilities increases continuously in 2001-2003 in the campuses studied. The floor area of school building facilities per 1 student increase $15.85m^2$ in 2001, $17.62m^2$ in 2002, and $17.79m^2$ in 2003. 2) The floor area of school building facilities is distributed widely, also the floor area of school building facilities is below $130,000m^2$ and the floor area per 1 student is below $23m^2$ in 75% of the campuses studied. 3) The floor area of school building facilities per 1 student increases $16.07m^2$ in 2001, $17.41m^2$ in 2002 and $17.62m^2$ in 2003. 4) The floor area of school building facilities per 1 student is large but tends to decrease every year in the university of education. Medical, arts and physical type campus has the large floor area per 1 student and the distribution of area is wide owing to the campus having a hospital. The floor area per 1 student is large and the distribution of area is wide in the sub campus.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2014

본 연구는 해상가두리에서 2년 동안 수용밀도별로 사육된 북방전복 (Haliotis dicus hannai) 의 성장 및 생존율 조사를 통해 적정 수용밀도를 구명하고 생산성을 향상시키고자 수행 하였다. 수용밀도는 쉘터 단면적 당 점유율로 15, 30, 45, 60 percentage $(=per.)/m^2$로 설정하여 약 1년을 기준으로 1차 양성기간 (the primary rearing period, PRP), 2차 양성시간 (the second rearing period, SRP) 으로 실시하였다. PRP와 SRP의 1년간 평균 수온은 $2^{\circ}$의 차이를 보였다. PRP의 북방전복 (평균각장 $36.14{\pm}2.28mm$) 은 성장에서 각장과 각폭의 절대성장율 (absolute growth rate, ARG), 일간성장율 (daily growth rate, DGR), 특수생장율 (specific growth rate, SGR) 에서 $15per./m^2$ 유의적으로 높았고 (P < 0.05), 생존율은 차이가 없었다. SRP의 북방전복 (평균각장 $55.26{\pm}6.93mm$) 은 ARG, DGR, SGR에서 $45per./m^2$제외한 실험구간 유의적 차이는 없었으며, 생존율은 저밀도인 15, $30per./m^2$는 70% 이상을 보였으나, 고밀도인 45, $60per./m^2$는 각각 31%, 9%이하였다. 본 실험결과 해상가두리 내에서 각장 3-4 cm 북방전복의 1차 양성기간 적정 수용밀도는 $15per./m^2$ ($2.4{\times}2.4m$, 1칸 당 750마리) 가 적정하였다. 2차 양성기간 육성용 북방전복 (각장 5-6 cm) 은 경제성을 고려하여 $30per./m^2$인 양성하는 것이 양식 생산성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2011

It has been shown that circadian genes not only play an important role on circadian rhythms, but also participate in other physiological and pathological activities, such as drug dependence, cancer development and radiation injury. The Per2, an indispensable component of the circadian clock, not only modulates circadian oscillations, but also regulates organic function. In the present study, we applied mPER2-upregulated NIH3T3 cells to reveal the relationship of mPer2 and the cells damaged by ultraviolet C (UVC). NIH3T3 cells at the peak of the expression of mPer2 induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) demonstrated little damage by UVC evaluated by MTT assay, cell growth curves and cell colony-forming assay, compared with that at the nadir of the expression of mPer2. Overexpression of mPER2, accompanied p53 upregulated, also demonstrated protective effect on NIH3T3 cells damaged by UVC. These results suggest that mPer2 plays a protective effect on cells damaged by UVC, whose mechanism may be involved in upregulated p53.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2017

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)는 다양한 세포기능을 조절하는 중요한 사이토카인 중 하나이다. 최근 BMP와 일주기 유전자들이 연관되어 있다는 연구결과들이 보고되고 있지만 조골세포에서 일주기 유전자인 Per1의 역할은 아직 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 조골세포 분화에서 Per1의 역할을 조사하였다. MC3T3-E1 세포에서 BMP2 처리에 의해 Per1 mRNA 발현과 luciferase 활성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 Per1 과발현 실험을 통해서 Per1 유전자가 Runx2, ALP, OC의 발현을 증가시켰으며 ascorbic acid와 ${\beta}$-glycerophosphate에 의한 ALP 염색과 석회화가 Per1 과발현에 의해 더욱 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과는 일주기 리듬을 조절하는 Per1 유전자가 조골세포의 분화를 촉진하는 인자로 작용함을 시사한다.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.217-235
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• 2015

이 연구는 다중회귀분석으로 서울시 프랜차이즈 커피점의 상가임대료의 결정 요인을 분석하였다. 중심지이론, 집적이론, 그리고 외부수요의 이론은 경험적 모형의 기초를 제공한다. 이 연구에서 사용된 자료는 서울시의 2,000개 상점으로 구성되었다. 연구결과로서, 이 결과는 $3.3m^2$당 커피점의 매출액, 상권의 특성, 상점의 특징이 $3.3m^2$당 커피점의 상가임대료에 영향을 준다는 것을 보였다. 커피점의 매출은 커피점의 상가임대료의 주요 결정 요인이다. 아울러, $3.3m^2$당 상가권리금과 상가보증금은 상가임대료와 정(+)의 관련성을 가지고 있다. 추가적으로, 상권의 도 소매업체의 수 및 제조업체의 수는 $3.3m^2$당 커피점의 상가임대료에 영향을 준다. 요약하면, 이 연구는 상권의 커피점의 브랜드 인지, 입지, 임차인 혼재, 그리고 $3.3m^2$당 커피점의 임대료에 영향을 준다는 것을 제시한다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

The experiment was conducted to determine the optimum stocking density for Korean Native Chicken. The experiment was carried out with 810 Korean Native Chickens for 16weeks from April 22. 1987 to August 11. 1987. The chickens were housed in pens with varying stocking densities; T1(20 birds per 3.3$m^2$), T2(30 birds per 3.3$m^2$), T3(40 birds per 3.3$m^2$), T4(50 birds per 3.3$m^2$), T5(60 birds per 3.3$m^2$) and T6(70 birds per 3.3$m^2$). Each treatment contained three replicates. At the end of the trial, the average body weight of T1 was significantly heavier than that of T5 (P<0.05), but there were no statistical differences among the treatments in fed intake. The feed conversion of T3 was improved significantly in comparison with that of T5(P<0.05), and the viability of T1 showed a significantly difference with that of T5, T1 showed the highest production number, whereas T5 the lowest one.