• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.312-319
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• 2016

Human skin cells undergo pathophysiological processes via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon excessive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study investigated the ability of hesperidin ($C_{28}H_{34}O_{15}$) to prevent apoptosis due to oxidative stress generated through UVB-induced ROS. Hesperidin significantly scavenged ROS generated by UVB radiation, attenuated the oxidation of cellular macromolecules, established mitochondrial membrane polarization, and prevented the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Hesperidin downregulated expression of caspase-9, caspase-3, and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and upregulated expression of B-cell lymphoma 2. Hesperidin absorbed wavelengths of light within the UVB range. In summary, hesperidin shielded human keratinocytes from UVB radiation-induced damage and apoptosis via its antioxidant and UVB absorption properties.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.628-630
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• 2004

Antitumor activities of a peptide fraction isolated from traditional Korean soy sauce (SSP) were investigated in vitro and in vivo using cancer cell lines and F9 teratocarcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice. SSP exerted a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on P388D1 mouse lymphoma, F9 mouse teratocarcinoma, and DLD-l human colon cancer cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 11, 50, and $50\mug/ml$, respectively. Tumor growth in F9 teratocarcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice, orally administered with 80 and 200 mg/kg/day of SSPs, was inhibited 10.3% and 52.4%, respectively, and survival days increased by 11.9% and 22.1%, respectively, compared to the control group. The results of antitumor activities exerted by SSP in vitro and in vivo suggest the feasibility of using SSP as an antitumor agent.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2016

Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly during childhood and causes various diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and iron deficiency anemia. Although H. pylori infection in children differs from adults in many ways, this is often overlooked in clinical practice. Unlike adults, nodular gastritis may be a pathognomonic endoscopic finding of childhood H. pylori infection. Histopathological findings of gastric tissues are also different in children due to predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells and the formation of gastric MALT. Although endoscopy is recommended for the initial diagnosis of H. pylori infection, several non-invasive diagnostic tests such as the urea breath test (UBT) and the H. pylori stool antigen test (HpSA) are available and well validated even in children. According to recent data, both the $^{13}C$-UBT and HpSA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are reliable non-invasive tests to determine H. pylori status after eradication therapy, although children younger than 6 years are known to have high false positives. When invasive or noninvasive tests are applied to children to detect H. pylori infection, it should be noted that there are differences between children and adults in diagnosing H. pylori infection.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2002

In the literal study of anti-tumor effects of Jakeumjung. the results were as follows. 1. Jakeumjung is a traditional oriental medical prescription which is composed of Cremastare appeniculatae tuber, Euphorbiae pekinensis radix, Toosendan fructus, Chinensis galla, Moschus, Realgar and Cinnabaris. 2. Jakeumjung is applied to patients by administering or external application. When it is administered for patients, pertinent dose is 0.6~1.5g twice or three times per one day. When it is applied by external application, we melt it by water or vinegar and apply it to patients. 3. Effects of Jakeumjung are expelling toxin and pestilence, counteracting pathogen and relieving stagnation, detumescence and stopping pain. So it is used for detoxification from ancient. In recent, it is often used for cancer such as breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, epigastric cancer, acute leukemia, lymphoma, thymus cancer and skin cancer. 4. From the various experiments, Jakeumjung has been proved to have antifungal and antitumor effects. It inhibits and kills L7212, L1210 cells of leukemia. Especially, it acts in S stage of cell period. 5. Jakeumjung includes mineral medicines such as Realgar, Cinnabaris. So if we execute progressive study for anticancer effects and safety, the boundary of oriental medicine of using mineral medicines for cancer therapy will magnify in the future.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1998

The effect of Korean red-ginseng extract on the proliferation and cellular activity of mouse B and T lymphocytes was examined in vitro. Both water and ethanol extract from red-ginseng increased the growth of normal B and T lymphocytes 1.5∼2.5-folds. Saponin and polysaccharide fractions from ginseng extract also stimulated the proliferation of normal lymphocytes much higher than several well-known immunostimulators. B and T lymphoma cell lines responded to the ginseng extract and fractions by growth, too, while non-lymphoid cell lines did not. Immunoglobulin production of unprimed B-lymphocytes was little affected by the ginseng extract and fractions, though the ethanol extract slightly enhanced Ini, production of B-lymphocytes. When cytolytic activity of T lymphocytes against tumor tells was induced in vitro, both of the saponin and polysaccharide fractions and the ginseng ethanol extract increased the cellular activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes 4-5-folds, while the ginseng water extract did not. Especially, the saponin fraction exhibited 10-times higher stimulatory effect on the cytolytlc activity of cytotoxic T cells than the ethanol extract and the pclysaccharide fraction did. These results suggest that Korean red-ginseng contain potent immunomodulating components to stimulate the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes and the cellular activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 1998

Praecoxin A, an ellagitannin, purified from Alnus hirsuta var.microphlla was evaluated on the antitumor activity. Praecoxin A had the significant cytotoxicity to s ix tumor cell lines: human chronic myelogenous leukemia K-562, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60, mouse leukemia P388, mouse lymphocytic leukemia L-1210, sarcoma-l8O, mouse lymphoma L5178Y except L-1210. And the most sensitive cell line was K-562 ($ED_{50}=2.43{\mu}g/ml$). The $ED_{50} of praecoxin A against HL-60, P388, L-1210, sarcoma7l8O and L5178Y were 6.28, 8.66, 10.00, 7.01, $9.32{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Praecoxin A showed the increasing effect in life span by 36.8% on the 1st day after treatment of 10mg/kg in mice bearing sarcoma-180 tumor cells (ascitic form) via NCI (National Cancer Institute, U.S.A.) protocol in vivo assay. As a result, praecoxin A is considered to show the antitumor activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.330-339
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• 2023

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a crucial tumor suppressor involved in various cellular processes, including embryonic development, tumor initiation and progression, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and metabolism. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its functions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that LKB1 interacts directly with malic enzyme 3 (ME3) through the N-terminus of the enzyme and identified the binding regions necessary for this interaction. The binding activity was confirmed to promote the expression of ME3 in an LKB1-dependent manner and was also shown to induce apoptosis activity. Furthermore, LKB1 and ME3 overexpression upregulated the expression of tumour suppressor proteins (p53 and p21) and downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)). Additionally, LKB1 and ME3 enhanced the transcription of p21 and p53 and inhibited the transcription of NF-κB. Moreover, LKB1 and ME3 suppressed the phosphorylation of various components of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that LKB1 promotes pro-apoptotic activities by inducing ME3 expression.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 1987

Natural Killer cells are considerd to play an important role in antitumor immune surveilance mechanism. In this study, 21 putative anticancer drugs selected from reference were assessed by evaluating the effect on rat Natural Killer cell activity (NKCA). All 21 herb drugs were extracted in boiling water, lyophilized, autoclaved, and then used for experiment. Culture supernatant of concanavalin-A (Con-A)-stimulated rat spleen cells as a source of lymphokine was also used as a control of comparison. Rat spleen cells were used as effector and NKCA was measured in 4hr $^{51}Cr-release$ assay against Yac-1 mouse lymphoma cell line. In order to determine the optimal conditions for NKCA augmentation, effector cells were treated with 3 different concentrations of each drug for 24, or 48 hrs before testing of NKCA, In optimal conditions determined from previous results, the effect of herb drugs on NKCA were assessed in 3 to 5experiments. NKCA was significantly enhanced by treatment with 4 herb drugs(Ponciri Fructus, Houttuyniae Herba, Aurantii Pericarpium, Nepetae Herba). Culture supernatant of Con-A-stimulated spleen cells also augmented the rat NKCA more significantly. The results show that 4 of the herb medicines supposed to display anticancer effect may have activity as a biological response modifier through augmentation of NKCA.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.551-558
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• 2016

Malignant glioma cells invading surrounding normal brain are inoperable and resistant to radio- and chemotherapy, and eventually lead to tumor regrowth. Identification of genes related to motility is important for understanding the molecular biological behavior of invasive gliomas. According to our previous studies, Metallothionein 1E (MT1E) was identified to enhance migration of human malignant glioma cells. The purpose of this study was to confirm that MT1E could modulate glioma invasion in vivo. Firstly we established 2 cell lines; MTS23, overexpressed by MT1E complementary DNA construct and pV12 as control. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 were increased in MTS23 compared with pV12. Furthermore it was confirmed that MT1E could modulate MMPs secretion and translocation of NFkB p50 and B-cell lymphoma-3 through small interfering ribonucleic acid knocked U87MG cells. Then MTS23 and pV12 were injected into intracranial region of 5 week old male nude mouse. After 4 weeks, for brain tissues of these two groups, histological analysis, and immunohistochemical stain of MMP-2, 9 and Nestin were performed. As results, the group injected with MTS23 showed irregular margin and tumor cells infiltrating the surrounding normal brain, while that of pV12 (control) had round and clear margin. And regrowth of tumor cells in MTS23 group was observed in another site apart from tumor cell inoculation. MT1E could enhance tumor proliferation and invasion of malignant glioma through regulation of activation and expression of MMPs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2523-2526
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• 2012

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia is a relatively frequent event in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and improvement in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) has been linked directly to improved outcome. Evaluation of granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GCSFs) for treatment has shown reduced incidences of episodes of prolonged neutropenia and protracted hospitalization. To determine absolute neutrophil counts with GCSF in febrile neutropenic cancer patients admitted to a tertiary care centre and to co-relate the improvement in ANC with mortality and hospital discharge. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried at an oncology ward at Aga Khan University hospital from January 2010 to June 2011. All adult patients who were admitted and treated with GCSF for chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia were included. Multivariable regression was conducted to identify the factors related with poor outcomes. Results: A total of 131 patients with febrile neutropenia were identified with mean age of 43.2 (18-85) years, 79 (60%) being ${\leq}50$. Seventy-five (57%) had solid tumors and 56 (43%) hematological malignancies, including lymphoma. Fifty seven (43.5%) had an ANC less 100 cells/$mm^3$, 34 (26%) one between 100-300 cells/$mm^3$ and 40 (31%) an ANC greater than 300 cells/$mm^3$. Thirty (23%) patients showed ANC recovery in 1-3 days, and 74(56%) within 4-7 days. Thirteen (10%) patients showed no recovery. The overall mortality was 18 (13.7%) patients. The mean time for ANC recovery seen in hematological malignancies was 6.34 days whereas for solid tumors it was 4.88 days. Patients with ANC <100 cells/$mm^3$ were more likely to die than patients with ANC >300 cells/$mm^3$ by a factor of 4.3. Similarly patients >50 years of age were 2.7 times more likely to die than younger patients. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that use of GCSF, in addition to intravenous antibiotics, in treatment of patients with chemotherapy induced febrile neutropenia accelerates neutrophil recovery, and shortens antibiotic therapy and hospitalization. We propose to risk classify the patients at the time of admission to evaluate the cost effectiveness of this approach in a resource constrained setup.