• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.613-629
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• 2005

This research analyzes household financial structures and ratios to understand factors of household utility. Its main themes are as following: First, what kinds financial structures are found at each level of income? Second, how are they different by the level of income? Third, what factors contribute to appropriate financial ratios? The themes are supported by the texts on financial ratios from both inside and outside of Korea and proved by the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey, the fifth annual edition. The households are exempted that do not support the household principle record in the principle and household economy record. Accordingly, this survey is from a financial structure analysis of 3,762 households. The analysis utilizes SPSS Window (Version 10.0) program. The following are the results: First, the income level 4 and above, in which the increasing number indicates a higher level of income, are highly ranked on the income-expense level and the asset-debt rate. Also, level 4 has a strong financial structure, whereas level 1 does not. Apparently, the management of the household is complicated by debt redemption and a lower level of assets. Second, Ratio 1, Ratio 2, Ratio 4, and Ratio 5 are different by the level of income. Third, the level of income contributes to the appropriate financial ratio. The financial safety and prospective financial structure at each income level is an important variable. Households with a high income, in particular, have to balance their finances and capital, reducing liabilities and increasing the total assets. In other words, the family must hold assets to enhance efficiency according to the character and income level of the household. This research is a useful resource for such a decision-making as to improve household financial structure stability. Also, it can be adopted to evaluate financial products for specific households and be used for economic and social welfare planning to predict how households influence the nationwide economy.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.131-148
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• 2003

This study investigated family foster care characteristics according to types of foster parents-surrogate, kin, general parents and predicting factors of foster children's adjustability to new environment. Participants were 618 cases of foster parents in 17 areas of the country through stratified sampling. It was found that the surrogate foster parent, tends to be older, received less education, has lower income, and is in poor health, as opposed to kin parents or general foster parents. There were significant effects of foster parent's age, living arrangement, income, education, consideration of foster child, and the periods of foster care experience as well as child's sex, contact of biological parents on emotional, behavioral, and family relational adjustment of the foster children.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2010

This study conducted a secondary analysis by using original data of performed by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs to determine factors affecting health-related quality of life for the elderly aged over 65 years living in Korea. The survey was conducted in 2005 and it evaluated totally 34,152 cases. Among them 3074 cases investigating the elderly aged over 65 years were selected for this study and finally 2036 cases were included in it by excluding cases with no answer or a wrong answer. The results were as follows. In the illness days, the average of the whole subjects was 11.05 days and it was longer when subjects were female and older, had lower educational background and lower family income, did not have spouses and jobs and were covered by medical aid as medical security. In the years of activity restriction, the average of the total subjects was 3.48 years and it was increased when they were older, had lower educational background and lower family income, did not have spouses, lived in detached houses and were covered by medical aid as medical security. Subjective health condition of the total subjects was 2.64 points out of 5 points in average. The scores were higher when subjects were male, younger, had better educational background, spouses, jobs and more family income, lived in multi-family living houses and were covered by corporate insurance as medical security. The average of total quality of life of the subjects was 2.61 points out of 3 points and it was found to be higher when subjects were male, younger, had better educational background, spouses, jobs and more family income and were covered by corporate insurance as medical security. It was decreased with higher illness days, higher years of activity restriction and lower subjective health condition. For the effects of the factors related to quality of life, subjective health condition showed the largest influence.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2023

Purpose : Although Korea's health insurance system and access to medical care are well established compared to other countries, the rate of non-fulfillment of dental treatment is high. Medical use rates can be affected by economic characteristics, individual heatlh condtions, health concerns, and health behaviors. This study was implemented to investigate the effect of the middle-aged elderly people's family living together on the dental examination rate and to use it as basic data for program development, research, and poicies to promote oral health. Methods : Raw data from the 7th national health and nutrition survey conducted by the Korea centers for disease control and prevention (2016~2018) were used and analyzed using SPSS 21.0 Version (IBM, United States). Results : As a result of the study family types accroding to general characteristics, the more women are (p<.001), the higther the age (p<.001), the lower the hosehold income level (p<.001), the lower the educational background (p<.001), the more people who live in Eup-Myeon (p<.001) It was fouend that the rate of living alone was high. The dental examination rate according to general characteristics was related to age (p<.001), income (p<.001), and educational background (p<.001), and the higher the examination rate was in the same (p<.001), and the higher the family living together (p<.001). Factors influencing whether or not dental treatment was not performed were in the following order: household income (p<.001), age (p=.001), and family type (p=.017). Conclusion : The above results confirmed the relationship between family membership and dental examination rates, and measures such as the development and operation of participatory programs to improve public oral health by resolving medical inequality and enhancing health equity, and it is believed that the development of professional manpower and the operation of education and programs for professionals are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.97-106
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• 2008

We examined the effects of family and home literacy environments on the vocabulary and reading abilities of 3 to 5-year-olds. In particular, SES was considered against home literacy environment. The sample consisted of 366 Korean children and their mothers. We found that the level of mother's education was related to the child's vocabulary test score. After controlling for family factors, home literacy environment score positively predicted children's performance both in vocabulary and reading tests. Magnitudes of differences between the two literacy groups (high and low home literacy environment) became larger in the children from relative lower income families. Magnitudes of differences for vocabulary and reading tests was strikingly large in the low-income group both in vocabulary and reading tests. These findings shed lights on the importance of parent education and family services for low-income families with preschool children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 1994

This paper analysis the structure of Housing Consumption Expenditure of urban salary and wage-earners' households from 1982 to 1992 by employing Time-series. Data was based on " Annual report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey" of the National Bureau of Statistic Planning Board, Republic of Korea. Percentile marginal-propensity to consume(MPC) and income elasticity of consumption expenditure are estimated by their socio-economic and demographic variables. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion of the expenditure for furniture and utensils and house mending has increased with the increase of income in urban salary and wage-earners' households, while fuel light and water charges and rents paid has decreased. 2.1) Engel Function by income group; MPC associated with rents paid and fuel light and water charges is higher in the lower income group than in the rest. The income elasticity estimates in rents paid and fuel light and water charges is less than 1 in all group while larger than 1 in furniture and utensils and house mending. 2) Engel Function by occupation of household head; The highest MPC in rents paid is associated with the sales profession. The income elasticity of fuel light and water charge is found be inelastic. The groups other than the sales group show irregular MPC. 3) Engel Function by family size; MPC in house mending and fuel light and water charge is increased while is decreased in rents paid in accordance with family size. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all groups while that of house mending and furniture and utensils is larger than 1. 4) Engel Function by age of housegold head; MPC in rents paid is decreased according to the age of housefold head. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all group while it is larger than 1.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.42
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• pp.397-422
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• 2000

Since 1998 when economic assistance from IMF started, the empirical research on the effects of unemployment and drastic income loss on psychological functioning among the unemployed as well as their family members has increased. These studies have found that unemployment and drastic income loss following unemployment have significant negative influence on the psychological outcomes such as anxiety and depression of the unemployed and their family members. Studies have also focused on the role of social support in this process, and reported that depending on the levels of received social support, unemployment and income loss have differential effects on the psychological aspects of the unemployed. However, these studies have several weaknesses. First, most of the related studies employed the data which were collected from limited regions of the country, which imposes limitations on the scope of the generalizability of research findings. Second, the main independent variables used in these studies were mainly unemployment or income loss, which ignore the psychological evaluation by the employed of their family financial situations. Third, in analyzing the moderating effects of social support, most studies have focused mainly on showing the existence of moderating effects by social support. Consequently, the nature and role of social support remained unanalyzed and left to speculations. The purpose, of this study is to examine the effects of economic pressure experienced by family heads who were unemployed and to analyze the moderating role of social support based on a nationally representative sample. The findings showed that economic pressure has negative influence on anxiety and depressive feelings among the unemployed, and that the effect of economic pressure on depressive feelings were substantially higher among those who have received lower levels of social support from family members than that among those with higher levels of family support.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.3-24
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• 2016

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to examine how family strengths affect friend attachment and psychological well-being among college students and to analyze the relative influence of these two variables on psychological well-being. Method: Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire method from 362 university students in four different regions. The data were analyzed through various statistical methods such as t and F tests, Pearson's correlation analyses, and multiple regression analyses. Results: First, there were significant differences in the level of psychological well-being according to gender and the monthly family income, showing that males and higher family income group reported greater psychogocal-well-being level. Males also reported lower level of anxious attachment. Second, correlational analyses results indicated that college students' psychological well-being was positively related with family strengths and secure attachment, and was negatively correlated with avoidant and anxious attachment. Finally, the results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that college student's psychological well-being was influenced by family communication, secure attachment, and anxious attachment, showing that anxious attachment was the most influential variable. Conclusions: This study suggests the importance of providing education and/or counseling services focusing on strengthening the positive relationship with their friends and on increasing the family communication for college students' psychological well-being.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2829-2832
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• 2012

Background: This study aimed to research the awareness of screening colonoscopy (SC) among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and their relatives. Methodology: A questionnaire form including information and behavior about colonoscopic screening for CRCs of patients and their first-degree relatives (FDRs) was prepared. Results: A total of 406 CRC patients were enrolled into the study, with 1534 FDRs (siblings n: 1381 and parents n: 153). Positive family history for CRC was found in 12% of the study population. Previous SC was performed in 11% of patients with CRC. Mean age of the patients whose FDRs underwent SC was lower than the patients whose FDRs did not (52 vs 57 years; p<0,001). The frequency of SC in FDRs was 64% in patients diagnosed CRC under 35 years of age. Persons having a positive family history of CRC had SC more often (51 vs 22%, p<0,001). FDRs of patients having a higher educational level and income had SC more frequently. Conclusions: When screening for CRC is planned, elderly subjects, those with family history for CRC, and those with low educational and lower income should be given esspecial attention in order that they be convinced to undergo screening for CRC.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to empirically describe the everyday life of middle-aged adults in terms of their time-use activities. From the original '2004 Time dairy' Data, developed by the Korean National Statistical Office (KNOS), 17,684 respondents aged between 35-59 were selected. In order to categorize their activity patterns, work/labour, domestic labour, and spare leisure time were classified according to the action classification system. As a result, four dominant types were found: namely work-leisure, work-oriented, family-oriented, and leisure-oriented activities. Results of multinomial logistic analysis revealed that gender, age, socioeconomic status, job characteristic, and family structure were the major determinants on time-use. Compared with work-leisure, young middle aged women holding a part-time job with less income tended to be involved in a family-centered time use. Dual earners with lower SES status were likely to have work-oriented time schedules. Older men with relatively lower income were more likely to be involved in leisure-oriented activities rather than work-leisure activities. Multitasking behavior was a significant variable in explaining the four different types of time-use. Work-oriented group showed the highest level of time pressure as well as fatigue. Group differences in these measures, however, was not as large as expected.