• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2004

This study observed the temperature and humidity within the green zone to understand the effect that land coverage and the structure of forests have on the relief of micro-climate control. Based on this set of data, this study interpreted, through the regression analysis, the relevance of land coverage of the green zone with temperature and distribution of humidity, as well as the amount of green with the relief of microclimate control. The results of the study demonstrated that high temperature regions were formed in barren areas, and low temperature regions in forests or near the water. In particular, low temperature was found in areas covered with tall and small trees, the water surrounded by forests and areas enclosing small rivers. Furthermore, mechanisms causing low temperature were, among others, the ratio of land coverage (forest, grassland, water). In fact, the temperature reduction effect varied in accordance with the types and ratios of the land coverage. Humidity also showed a close correlation with the distribution of temperature high temperature areas had low humidity and low temperature areas had high humidity. Such a phenomenon.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.42-51
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• 1997

The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of $O_{2}$ low temperature plasma treatment oft chitosan treatment of polyester fabrics. Moisture regain, static charge, crease resistance and reduction ratio of the treated fabric were measured. The results of this study were as follows: The add-on ratio and. the moisture regain of polyester fabrics treated with chitosan after treated by plasma(CP PET) were higher than those of polyester fabrics treated with only chitosan(C PET). The static charge of polyester fabrics decreased greatly with increasing the concentration of chitosan. A durability for laundering of CP PET was higher than those of C PET. The crease resistance of polyester fabrics decreased with ihcreasing the concentration of chitosan continuously. CP PET had higher decreasing rate and better durability than C PET. It showed that chitosan-treated polyester fabrics had over 90% reduction ratio after 10 times of laundering, and CP PET had better reduction ratio than C PET.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1990

In order to suggest an efficient catalyst systems for NOx reduction of flue gases from industrial boilers, $TiO_2$ supported $WO_3-V_2O_5, V_2O_5$ and $WS_2$ catalysts were tested for the performances of NOx reduction at high reactin temperature range (250-500$^\circ$C) using a simulated flue gas system. It was found that while the proposed $WO_3/TiO_2$ and $WO_3-V_2O_5/TiO_2$ catalysts showed a significant high NOx reduction efficiency at about 350-400$^\circ$C, the conventional commercial catalyst of $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ showed a significant drop in NOx reduction efficiency due to the excessive $NH_3$ oxidation. From the measurement of surface acidities of those catalysts, it was found that the acidity are well correlated with the activities of NOx reduction. The reason of high activity of $WO_3$ series catalysts at high reaction temperature seems due to the low value of surface excess oxygen compared with that of $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ seems equivalent to the acid site of that catalyst.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.129-134
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• 2004

The development of fabrication processes of polycrystalline-silicon-thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) at low temperatures is reviewed. Rapid crystallization through laser-induced melt-regrowth has an advantage of formation of crystalline silicon films at a low thermal budget. Solid phase crystallization techniques have also been improved for low temperature processing. Passivation of $SiO_2$/Si interface and grain boundaries is important to achieve high carrier transport properties. Oxygen plasma and $H_2O$ vapor heat treatments are proposed for effective reduction of the density of defect states. TFTs with high performance is reported.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2011

Many LCD manufacturers continue to develop the technologies of LCD manufacturing processes for the reduction of production cost, power consumption and high-resolution. The LTPS (Low Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon) crystallization technology is important for rearranging the internal structure of liquid crystal grain by adding certain energy to amorphous silicon and turning it into poly-silicon in order to manufacture LCD with better performance. We consider 14 existing technologies of LTPS crystallization in the LCD manufacturing and present an intelligent analysis methodology using patent map and AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis for determining an optimal LTPS crystallization technology. By using patent map analysis, we easily understand the development process and mega-trend of LTPS crystallization technologies and their relationship. By using AHP analysis, we evaluate 14 LTPS technologies. Through the use of proposed methodology, we determine the Continuous Wave Laser Lateral Crystallization technology as an optimal one.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.495-501
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• 1991

This study is intended to make defect-free region, denuded zone at the silicon wafer surface for semiconductor device substrates. In this experiment, initial oxygen concentration of starting material CZ-grown silicon wafer, various heat treatment combinations, denuding ambient and the amounts of oxygen reduction were measured, and then denuded zone (DZ) formation and depth were investigated. In Low/High anneal (DZ formation could be achieved), the optimum temperature for Low anneal was 700$^{\circ}C$∼750$^{\circ}C$. In case of High anneal, with the time increased, DZ depth was increased at 1000$^{\circ}C$, 1150$^{\circ}C$ respectively, but on the contrary, DZ depth was decreased at low temperature 900$^{\circ}C$. As well, out-diffusion time below 2 hours was unsuitable for effective Gettering technique even though the temperature was high, and DZ formation could be achieved when initial oxygen concentration was only above 14 ppm in silicon wafer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.3-11
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• 2001

Fundamental studies at the CSIRO division of Wool technology and ICI on the diffusion of dyes into wool〔1,2〕have let to development of a new approach to wool dyeing. In this method, the cell membrane complex of wool is modified before dyeing by treatment under mildly alkaline conditions with a special chemicals. Wool pretreated with ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salt has an increased rate of dyebath exhaustion and dye penetration early in the dyeing cycle. This enables the treated material to be dyed below the boil for a similar time to the conventional cycle. This technique can be used on untreated and shrinkresist-treated wool and wool/nylon blends. In addition to good macro-levelness and excellent coverage of tippiness, the low temperature dyeing process give higher exhaustion levels of dyestuffs and insect-resist agent and hence cleaner effluent liquors, compared with conventional dyeing process. Low Temperature Dyeing process cause significantly less fiber damage than conventional way. The reduction in damage is reflected in improved processing performance of the dyed wool.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of low-temperature combustion (LTC) on the correlations of combustion characteristics and reduction of exhaust emissions in a small DI diesel engine with biodiesel fuel. In order to analyze the combustion, exhaust emission characteristics and distribution of nano size particles for biodiesel were investigated. In addition, to evaluate the effect of LTC on the combustion and emission characteristics, 30 and 50% of cooled-EGR rates were investigated. From these results, it revealed that the influence of LTC on the combustion characteristics showed that the ignition delay significantly increased and reduces peak heat release rate of premixed combustion by lowering reaction rate. With 50% EGR and advanced injection timing, soot and $NO_x$ emissions were simultaneously reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.422-426
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• 2006

[ $Sr_xCa_{(1-x)}TiO_3$ ] red phosphors doped with Pr(0.13 mol%) and Al(0.23 mol%) were synthesized by solid state reaction method. Change of crystal structure occurred in $Sr_xCa_{(1-x)}TiO_3:Pr,Al$ phosphors with increasing value of x. Green and red luminescence were observed from $SrTiO_3:Pr,Al$ phosphors at low temperature. However, only red luminescence in the case of $CaTiO_3:Pr,Al$ phosphors was measured at low temperature. The main cause of green luminescence was explained by the bandgap reduction.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07c
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• pp.2156-2159
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• 2005

ADS(Address Display Period Separation) driving method has been considered to be the most appropriate driving technique for AC PDP. ADS driving method is composed of reset, address, sustain and erase period. Therefore, a long time should be allocated to an address period, which results in a reduction of brightness. To realize a high luminance and high picture quality, it is necessary to high speed addressing. However, address discharge time lag increases as the temperature decreases, which can cause the misfiring and low picture quality In this paper, the electric field effect and priming particle effect are investigated in order to reduce the address discharge time lag at low temperature. Address discharge time lag was reduced effectively when the priming particles are provided.