• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1587-1593
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• 2010

Pastures of the Apennines of Central Italy contribute to feed resources of high altitude (above 1,300 m sea level) grazing systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of faecal extract from the yak (Bos grunnienes) as an alternative microbial inoculum to rumen fluid for estimation of digestibility of several forage species. Forage samples produced at high altitude were tested in this study: four legumes (Lathyrus sativus L., Lotus corniculatus L., Onobrychis viciaefolia L. and Trifolium pratense L.), three forbs (Achillea millefolium L., Potentilla reptans L. and Teucrium flavum L.) and one grass (Brachipodyum pinnatum L.) were incubated with yak rumen fluid or faecal extract. A large variability in chemical composition was observed among the species collected. Rumen liquor and faecal samples were collected from adult healthy yak. The $Daisy^{II}$ incubator was used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using rumen liquor as control and faecal extract as alternative microbial inoculum sources. Filter bags containing samples of browse species were added to the four digestion vessels along with their respective inoculum and then incubated for 48 h and dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral and detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was determined. There was a significant relationship between estimates, indicating that faecal liquor has the potential to be used instead of rumen fluid for estimation of in vitro digestibility of plants. It is concluded that the $Daisy^{II}$ incubator results are appropriate for the determination of in vitro digestibility of nutrients using faecal liquor to define the potential for adaptation of yak to new pastures.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2019

This study was composed of four treatments [no treatment, phosphate + limestone layer treatment, phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + cement layer treatment, and phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + limestone layer treatment] for figuring out vegetation effects on the acid drainage slope. Treated acid neutralizing techniques were effective for neutralizing acidity and vegetative growth in order of [first: phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + limestone layer treatment, second: phosphate + sodium bicarbonate+cement layer treatment, third: phosphate + limestone layer treatment and fourth: no treatment] on the acid drainage slope. We found out that sodium bicarbonate treatment was additory effect on neutralizing acidity and increasing vegetaive growth besides phosphate and neutralizing layer treatments. In neutralizing layer treatments, Limestone layer was more effective for vegetation and acidity compared to cement layer treatment. Cement layer showed negative initial vegetative growth probably due to high soil hardness and toxicity in spite of acid neutralizing effect. Concerning plants growth characteristics, The surface coverage rates of herbaceous plants, namely as Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus and Coreopsis drummondii L were high in the phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + limestone layer treatment while Festuca arundinacea was high in the phosphate + sodium bicarbonate + cement layer treatment. We also figured out that soil acidity affected more on root than top vegetative growth.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

환경스트레스에 내성을 갖는 버즈풋 트레포일(Lotus crniculatus L.) 형질전환체를 개발하기 위하여, AtNDPK 유전자가 SWPA2 프로모터에 의해 조절되도록 재조합한 발현벡터 pCAMBIA 2300 /SWPA2::AtNDPK2를 Agrobacterium 형질전환 방법으로 버즈풋 트레포일에 도입하였다. Apgrobacterium과 버즈풋 트레포일 캘러스의 공동배양한 캘러스를 $100{\mu}g/m1$의 kanamycin 및 $500{\mu}g/ml$의 cefotaxim을 첨가한 SH-3-kc 배지에서 배양하며 형질전환된 캘러스를 선발한 다음, BOi2Y 배지에서 2개월 이상 배양하며 식물체로 재분화시켰다. 재분화된 버즈풋 트레포일의 genomic DNA를 분리, PCR 및 Southern blot 분석을 실시한 결과, AtNDPK유전자를 도입한 형질전환체의 경우 agarose gel 전기영동 및 X-ray 필름상에서 DNA band 및 hybridization signal을 확인할 수 있었으나, 형질전환 되지 않은 대조구의 버즈풋 트레포일에서는 DNA band 및 hybridization signal이 관찰되지 않았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2011

The major objective of this study was to quantify the effects of substrate depth and substrate composition on the development of sedum etc., in a sloped rooftop (6 : 12 pitch) environment during a 4-year period. The experiment was conducted from 2006 October to 2010 December under several conditions without soil erosion control : two substrate depth (5cm, 10cm), four substrate composition (A5N3C2, A3N3C4, A6C4, G5L3C2: A: artificial lightweight soil, N : natural soil, G : granite decomposed soil, C : leave composite, L : loess), four sloped roof direction ($E40^{\circ}W$, $W40^{\circ}N$, $S40^{\circ}W$, $N40^{\circ}E$). In this experiment 4 sedum etc., were used: Sedum sarmentosum, Sedum kamtschaticum, Sedum rupestre, Sedum telephium, flowering herbs (mixed seed : Taraxacum platycarpum, Lotus corniculatus, Aster yomena, Aster koraiensis), western grasses (mixed seed : Tall fescue, Creeping redfescue, Bermuda grass, Perennial ryegrass). The establishment factor had two levels : succulent shoot establishment (sedum), seeding (flowering herbs, western grasses). 1. Enkamat, as it bring about top soil exfoliation, was unsuitable material for soil erosion control. 2. Sedum species exhibited greater growth at a substrate depth of 10cm relative to 5cm. All flowering herbs and western grasses established only at a substrate depth of 5cm were died. A substrate depth of 5cm was not suited in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. If additional soil erosion control will be supplemented, a substrate depth of 10cm in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance was considered suitable. 3. For all substrate depth and composition, the most abundant species was Sedum kamtschaticum. The percentage of surviving Sedum kamtschaticum was 73.4% at a substrate depth of 10cm in autumn 2007 one year after the roof vegetation had been established. But the percentage of surviving other sedum were 33.3%~51.9%, therefor mulching for soil erosion control was essential after rooftop establishment in extensive sloped roof greening was proved. To raise the ratio of plant survival, complete establishment of plant root at substrate was considered essential before rooftop establishment. 4. There was a significant interaction between biomass and substrate moisture content. There were also a significant difference of substrate moisture and erosion among substrate composition. The moisture content of A6C4 was highest, the resistance to erosion of A5N3C2 was highest among substrate composition. The biomass of plants were not significantly higher in A5N3C2 and A6C4 relative to A3N3C4 and G5L3C2, For substrate moisture and erosion resistance, A5N3C2 and A6C4 were considered suitable in sloped rooftop greening without maintenance. 5. There were significant difference among roof slope direction on the substrate moisture. Especially, the substrate moisture content of $S40^{\circ}W$ was lower relative to that of $N40^{\circ}E$, that guessed by solar radiation and erosion.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2015

Research was initiated to investigate a vegetation characteristics of the species of ground cover plants mixed with herbeceous and woody plants on a cut slope. 4 different ground cover plants (Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Festuca arundinacea and Zoysia japonica) were seeded at the same rate of $10.0g/m^2$ with herbaceous plants (Lotus corniculatus var. japonicus, Dianthus sinensis, Aster yomena, Chrysanthemum zawadskii and Coreopsis drummondii L) at the total seeding rate of $7.5g/m^2$ and native woody plants (Lespedeza bicolor Turcz, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria and Albizzia julibrissin) at the total seeding rate of $7.5g/m^2$, respectively. This experiment was treated with 3 replications on a randomized block design. Data such as surface coverage rate(%), the germinating number, plant height and visual quality were analyzed. There were no statistic differences observed in the soil hardness and the soil moisture content while a significant difference was observed in the surface coverage rate and the germinating number. The surface coverage rate and the germinating number were significantly high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively from the viewpoint of ground covers. Especially, the surface coverage rate was considerably low in the Festuca arundinacea plot. However, the surface coverage rate and the germinating number were no statistic differences observed in this treatment from the viewpoint of herbaceous and woody plants. Also, both of the plant height and visual quality were high in the Pennisetum alopecuroides plot when compared with the Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens plot, the Festuca arundinacea plot and the Zoysia japonica plot, respectively. We concluded that Pennisetum alopecuroides was the optimum plant from the treated ground covers mixed with native woody and herbaceous plants for the balanced emergence from the viewpoint of the ecological slope vegetation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2012

This study was launched to verify the effective composition of plant species and its management program most suited for the dredged soiled area near Nakdong River Site 14. The improvement methods of planting base and the composition of plants such as silver grass, reed, and some colonies in aesthetic effect were studied. To search the management methods to decrease the confining pressure risen from the burried seeds which would consequently harm the previously seeded plants, experimental construction process was measured on the site. The purpose of this experiment was to figure out which part of the improvement on the plant base has the most significant effect for the revegetation of infertile, dredged soil, to verify the easily seeded, developing plants among seeded plants, and finally, to find the restoration model using plants near the dredged soil around riverside. 8 seeded plants and 23 invaded species were appeared which among the emerged plants, development of Aster yomena MAKINO, Lotus corniculatus var. japonica Regel, Trifolium repens L, and Dianthus longicalyx Miq were proved to be brought up well. Difference risen from the seed composition were not noticeable until 150day since the germination was proceeded mainly by Aster yomena MAKINO. The experimental plot with dredging sand+organic fertilizer method of construction and dredging sand+soil conditioner method showed most development while the effect of the plot with only the soil base of dredging sand stayed low. Another important method for the management of infertile, dredged soil base would be the removal of disturbing species which the experiment showed the tied relationship between the removal of disturbing species and development of seeding plants. Although this study was carried out focused on the Nakdong River Project, the study suggests the general management program that the removal of disturbing species such as Humulus japonicus Sieboid & Zucc. and Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi in times around rainy season(60days after seedling) would be effective for the easy growth of revegetation plants.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2008

본 연구는 야생화초지 조성을 위한 기초연구로 국내산 야생화초지와 외국산 야생화초지의 2처리를 두어 시험하였다. 공시초종은 기본초종으로 잔디형 목초로 Kentucky bluegrass (Midnight) 를 공시하였고, 국내산 야생화는 패랭이꽃 (Dianthus sinensis L.), 별노랑이 (Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus Regel), 꼬리풀 (Veronica linariaefolia pallas), 별개미취 (Aster koraiensis Nakai), 부처꽃 (Lythrum anceps Makino), 톱풀 (Achillea sibirica Ledeb), 붓꽃 (Iris nertschinskia Lodd) 및 원추 천인국 (Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt.) 등 8종을 공시하였고, 외국산 야생화는 서양말냉이 (Iberis umbellata), 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt), 물망초(Myosotis sylvatica Hoffmann), Baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii), 참 제비꽃 (Delphinium ajacis), 아프리칸 데이지 (Dimorphotheca aurantiaca), 왜성 수레국화 (Centaurea cyanus), Dwarf godetia (Clarkia amoena), 왜성 기생초 (Coreopsis tinctoria, dwarf), 왜성 적 기생초(Coreopsis tinctoria, red), Spurred snapdragon (Linaria maroccana), 끈끈이대나물(Silene ameria), 러시안 꽃 무우(Cheiranthus allionii), 캘리포니아 양귀비(Eschscholzia californica Cham), 아이스랜드 양귀비 (Papaver nudicaule), 왜성 제비꽃 (Viola cornuta), Bellflower (Campanula carpatica), Sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima), 흰 점나도나물 (Cerastium biebersteinii), 큰 달맞이꽃 (Oenothera lamarckiana Ser.), 큰 금계국(Coreopsis lanceolata L.), 각시 패랭이(Dianthus deltoids L.), Baby blue eyes (Nemophila menziesii) 및 참 제비꽃 (Delphinium ajacis) 등 24종을 공시하였다. 시험은 충남대학교 농과대학 초지시험포장에서 2006년 9월부터 2007년 12월까지 수행하였으며, 얻어진 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 야생화초지의 꽃 색깔은 외국산 야생화초지가 국내산 야생화초지보다 다양하였으나 개화가 봄철에 편중되는 등 계절분포 및 영속성이 문제시되었다. 국내산 야생화초지는 꽃 색깔은 다양하지 못하였으나 계절분포 및 영속성이 상대적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다년간 식생을 유지하기 위한 야생화 초지의 조성은 기본초종인 잔디형 목초는 물론이고 야생화초종을 지역별로 초기생육 및 개화특성 등을 검토하여 초종을 다양화하는 것이 중요하다고 하겠다. 더욱이 야생화초지를 추파하여 조성할 경우, 외국산 야생화초지는 월동전에는 다양한 식생을 유지하였으나 월동 후에는 내한성의 문제로 식생이 단순화되는 양상을 보였다. 국내산 야생화초지는 내한성에는 문제가 없었으나 식생이 다양화하지 못하였다. 따라서 야생화초지를 다년간 유지할 목적이라면 다년생의 야생화를 중심으로 하되 여기에 단년생을 혼합하여 야생화 초종을 다양화하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.341-346
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• 2004

버즈풋 트레포일(Lotus corniculatus L.) 및 이탈리안 라이그라스(Lolium multiflotrum L.) 의 치사온도를 결정하기 위하여, 각각 "Au Dewey"와 국내 육성품종인 "화산 101호" 품종을시험재료조 하여 종자를 Petri dish에서 발아시켜 작은 화분에 10 개체씩 이식, 생장실에서 4주간 재배하였다. 45, 50 및$ 55^{\circ}C$에서 처리한 경우에는 60분간 처리했을 때에도 거의 식물체손상이 없었다. $60^{\circ}C/60$분 처리에서는 잎이 약간 시든 듯한 현상이 있었으며, $65^{\circ}C/60$분 처리에서도 식물체의 심한 손상은 나타나지 않았다. $70^{\circ}C/60$분 처리에서 BFT의 일부에서 잎이 조금 마른 현상이 나타났고, IRG는 줄기 이외의 잎 부분이 거의 마른 상태가 되었지만 치사 온도에는 도달하지 않았다.$ 80^{\circ}C$에서 처리한 BFT는 처리 후 1일 이내에 60분 처리에서 잎이 심하게 시든 현상이 나타났다. 처리 후 6일에는 60분 처리에서 모두 죽었으며, 55분 이하의 처리에서는 새로운 shoot가 재생됨을 확인하였다. $80^{\circ}C$에서 처리한 IRC는 처리 후 1일 이내에 20분 이상 처리에서 거의 죽어가는 현상이 나타났다. 처리 후 7일에는 20분 이상의 처리에서 모두 죽었으며, 15분 이하의 처리에서는 심한 영향을 받지 않았으며 새로운 shoot가 재생됨을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 버즈풋 트레포일의 치사온도는 $80^{\circ}C/60$분, 이탈리안 라이그라스의 치사온도는 $80^{\circ}C/20$분으로 결정되었다. 다른 연구에서 형질전환 버즈풋 트레포일 및 이탈리안 라이그라스를 만들 경우, 형질전환체의 고온 내성을 간단하게 검정하는 방법으로 이상의 치사온도 결과를 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.