• BMB Reports
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2006

Helices 4 and 5 of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba $\delta$-endotoxin have been shown to be important determinants for mosquito-larvicidal activity, likely being involved in membrane-pore formation. In this study, the Cry4Ba mutant protein containing an additional engineered tryptic cleavage site was used to produce the $\alpha4$-$\alpha5$ hairpin peptide by an efficient alternative strategy. Upon solubilization of toxin inclusions expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequent digestion with trypsin, the 130-kDa mutant protoxin was processed to protease-resistant fragments of ca. 47, 10 and 7 kDa. The 7-kDa fragment was identified as the $\alpha4$-loop-$\alpha5$ hairpin via N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry, and was successfully purified by size-exclusion FPLC and reversed-phase HPLC. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, the 7-kDa peptide was found to exist predominantly as an $\alpha$-helical structure. Membrane perturbation studies by using fluorimetric calcein-release assays revealed that the 7-kDa helical hairpin is highly active against unilamellar liposomes compared with the 65-kDa activated full-length toxin. These results directly support the role of the $\alpha4$-loop-$\alpha5$ hairpin in membrane perturbation and pore formation of the full-length Cry4Ba toxin.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 도체스트립을 이용하여 910 MHz와 2.45 GHz 대역에서 공진특성을 갖는 RFID 리더와 무선 LAN용 이중대역 개방루프안테나를 제안하였다 안테나의 입력임피던스는 안테나를 구성하는 도체스트립 선로의 길이와 폭을 변화시켜서 $50\Omega$을 갖는 급전선과 정합시켰다. 또한 안테나의 이득과 지향성은 도체스트립의 선로길이를 변화시키고 도체스트립에 teeth 모양의 홈을 만들어 향상시켰다. 제작된 안테나의 크기는 $75mm\times100mm$ 이고 반사손실과 이득특성은 910 MHz에서 -11.92 dB, 3.02 dBi 그리고 2.45 GHz에선 1.31 dB, 4.08 dBi를 갖는다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 무선 LAN 2중 대역용(2.4GHz~2.4835GHz, 5.15GHz~5.825GHz) CPW 급전 미엔더 슬롯 루프 안테나를 제안하였다. 요구된 대역의 2중 공진 주파수는 슬롯 루프와 슬롯 폭의 공진 길이의 변화로써 조절되며, 제안한 안테나의 소형화를 위해 슬롯 루프를 구부렸다. 특히, 용량성 결합 CPW 급전 방식은 정합 회로의 추가없이 급전부와 방사부 사이의 간격(offset)으로 전자기의 커플링 양을 조절함으로써 임피던스 정합을 가능하게 한다, 그 결과, 제안된 안테나는 각 대역에서는 10dB 이하의 반사손실과 80%이상의 높은 효율을 가진다. 제안된 안테나의 타당성을 보여주기 위해 시뮬레이션 및 측정 결과를 비교하여 제시하였다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2019

극저온 유체를 사용하는 발사체는 극저온 유체의 자연순환회로를 이용하여 발사체의 엔진 입구를 냉각한다. 자연순환회로의 질량유량은 순환시스템을 구성하는 배관의 길이 및 직경과 시스템으로 들어오는 열유입에 의하여 결정된다. 극저온 유체의 자연순환회로의 순환 검증 및 질량유량 측정을 위하여 실험을 진행하였으며, 이론적 계산 결과와 비교하였다. 비교 결과 12%의 오차가 있음을 확인하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 발사체 상단에서 저중력 구간 및 가속 구간에서의 자연순환 질량유량을 예측한 내용을 포함한다. 가속구간에서는 산화제탱크가 100 kPa 내외로 유지하는 것이 자연순환유량 증가에 이로웠으며, 저중력구간에서는 중력가속도의 크기에 따른 최적 압력으로 조절해야 자연순환유량의 최고값을 유지할 수 있었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

가공송전선로주변 자계저감 기법 중에서 수동루프 방식은 기존 송전철탑에 적은 비용으로 용이하게 적용되어 만족할 만한 저감효과를 제공할 수 있지만 수동루프에 유도되는 전류에 의해 송전손실이 증가될 뿐 아니라 송전선로의 기하학적 비대칭성이 증가됨으로써 상불평형이 증가하게된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 수동루프 설치에 따른 송전손실과 송전선로 수전단에서의 상불평형을 모의하고자한다. 345[kV]급 수평 상배치 1회선 가공송전선로를 선정하여 수동루프를 송전선로의 선로정수에 포함시킨 비대칭 3상 분포정수 모델로 표현하였으며 이것에 대한 미분방정식을 정의하고 해를 구함으로써 수전단 3상의 전압과 전류를 계산했다. 그 결과로부터 각 상에 따라 전력손실이 다르게 발생하며 수전단에서 정상분이 감소하는 대신에 역상분이 증가함을 확인하였다. 일반적으로 수동루프에 의한 상불평형이 차지하는 비중이 크지는 않지만 수동루프 설치구간과 유도전류의 크기 등에 비례하여 증가하므로 수동루프 도입에 따른 소요비용을 산출하는 과정에서 그에 따른 영향을 포함시켜야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2017

One of the components that used in the satellite thermal control subsystem is the Mechanically Pumped Fluid Loop (MPFL) system; this system mostly used in geosynchronous orbit (GEO) satellites, and can transfer heat from a hot point to a cold point using the fluid which circulated in a closed loop. Heat radiates to the deep space at the cold plate to cool down the fluid temperature. In this research, the radiative heatexchanger (RHX) for a MPFL system is optimized. The genetic algorithm has been used for minimizing the total mass and pressure drop by considering a constant transferred heat rate at the heat exchanger. The optimization has been done in two cases. In case I, two parameters are considered as a goal function, so optimization is performed using NSGA-II method. Results of optimization are shown in the pareto diagram. In case II, the diameter of pipe is considered constant, so the optimized value for distances of the parallel pipes is obtained by using the genetic algorithm, in which the system has the least total mass. Results show that in the RHX, by increasing the pipe diameter, pressure drop decreases and total mass increases. Also by considering a constant value for pipe diameter, an optimum distance between pipes and pipe length are obtained in which the system has a minimum mass.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2008

This paper proposes an open-loop clock recovery circuit (CRC) using two high-Q dielectric resonator (DR) filters for 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s dual-mode operation. The DR filters are fabricated to obtain high Q-values of approximately 950 at the 40 GHz band and to suppress spurious resonant modes up to 45 GHz. The CRC is implemented in a compact module by integrating the DR filters with other circuits in the CRC. The peak-to-peak and RMS jitter values of the clock signals recovered from 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) data with a word length of $2^{31}-1$ are less than 2.0 ps and 0.3 ps, respectively. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the recovered clocks are quite stable and within the range of 2.5 V to 2.7 V, even when the input data signals vary from 150 mV to 500 mV. Error-free operation of the 40 Gb/s-class optical receiver with the dual-mode CRC is confirmed at both 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s data rates.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1052-1057
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• 2004

A small-scale loop heat pipe with polypropylene wick was fabricated and tested for its thermal performance. The container and tubing of the system was made of stainless steel and several working fluids were used to see the difference in performance including methanol, ethanol, acetone, R134a, and water. The heating area was 35 mm ${\times}$ 35 mm and there were nine axial grooves in the evaporator to provide a vapor passage. The pore size of the polypropylene wick inside the evaporator was varied from 0.5 m to 25 m. The size of condenser was 40 mm (W) ${\times}$ 50 mm (L) in which ten coolant paths were provided. The inner diameter of liquid and vapor transport lines were 2.0 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively and the length of which were 0.5 m. The PP wick LHP was operated with methanol, acetone, and ethanol normally. R134a was not compatible with PP wick and water was unsuitable within operating limit of $100^{\circ}C$. The minimum thermal load of 10 W (0.8 W/cm2) and maximum thermal load of 80 W (6.5 W/cm2) were achieved using methanol as working fluid with the condenser temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ with horizontal position.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1052-1061
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• 2005

A small-scale loop heat pipe (LHP) with polypropylene wick was fabricated and tested for investigation of its thermal performance. The container and tubing of the system were made of stainless steel and several working fluids were tested including methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The heating area was $35\;mm\;{\times}\;35\;mm$ and nine axial grooves were provided in the evaporator to provide vapor passages. The pore size of the polypropylene wick inside the evaporator was varied from $0.5\; {\mu}m\;to\;25\;{\mu}m.$ The inner diameter of liquid and vapor transport lines were 2.0 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively and the length of which were 0.5 m. The size of condenser was $40\;mm\;(W)\;{\times}\;50\;mm\;(L)$ in which ten coolant paths were provided. Start-up characteristics as well as steady-state performance was analyzed and discussed. The minimum thermal load of $10\;W\;(0.8\;W\;/cm^{2})$ and maximum thermal load of $80\;W\;(6.5\;W\;/cm^{2})$ were achieved using methanol as working fluid with the condenser temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ with horizontal position.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.579-585
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• 2009

Recently, Vertical-Closed Loop system using geothermal which is the most efficient among the building cooling and heating systems is coming into wide spread due to assistance of domestic policies. However, there is a limitation that a design of ground heat exchanger taking 60% of construction cost is done by GLD and GLHEPRO programs without specific guidelines and consideration on Entering Water Temperature(EWT). For getting an optimal EWT, we analyzed the costs for construction of ground heat exchanger and cooling and heating for 15 years. In the results, reduction of construction costs as the length of ground heat exchanger shortens was much greater than increase of the electrical power consumption as COP gets low. EWT that COP of heat pump can be 3.76 or above was below $31^{\circ}C$ in cooling and was over $5^{\circ}C$ in heating.