• BMB Reports
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.70-85
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• 2019

Reduction of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling (IIS) extends the lifespan of various species. So far, several longevity mouse models have been developed containing mutations related to growth signaling deficiency by targeting growth hormone (GH), IGF1, IGF1 receptor, insulin receptor, and insulin receptor substrate. In addition, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) knockout leads to lifespan extension. S6K1 encodes an important kinase in the regulation of cell growth. S6K1 is regulated by mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1. The v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC)-deficient mice also exhibits a longevity phenotype. The gene expression profiles of these mice models have been measured to identify their longevity mechanisms. Here, we summarize our knowledge of long-lived mouse models related to growth and discuss phenotypic characteristics, including organ-specific gene expression patterns.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1428-1433
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• 2012

장수 또는 노화에 관한 연구는 여러 가지 유전적 요인과 생리학적 및 환경 요인들의 복잡한 조합에 의해 결정되므로, 이와 관련된 연구는 매우 흥미로운 분야이나 또한 어려운 주제이다. 지난 수십 년 동안 장수 또는 노화에 관여하는 분자 메커니즘을 찾기 위하여 동물 모델을 사용한 유전학적 접근법으로, 특이적 유전자를 결손 시키는 연구는 귀중한 도구임이 입증되었다. 장수에 관한 첫 번째 연구는 꼬마선충의 돌연변이체에서 발견되었으며, 이 선충의 인슐린/인슐린유사 성장인자-1 회로가 장수에 관여함이 밝혀졌다. 인슐린유사 성장인자-1은 인슐린과 유사한 아미노산 서열을 가진 폴리펩타이드로, 세포의 정상적인 성장과 발달에 관여한다. 이 발견 이후 인슐린/인슐린유사 성장인자-1 회로에 관여하는 많은 인자들이 선충과 초파리 연구에서 장수에 관여함이 밝혀졌다. 또한 특이적 유전자를 결손 시킨 생쥐 모델을 이용한 연구에서도 인슐린/인슐린유사 성장인자-1 회로뿐 아니라 성장호르몬/인슐린유사 성장인자 회로도 장수에 관여함이 지난 수십 년 동안의 연구결과로 밝혀졌다. 간 조직 특이적으로 인슐린유사 성장인자-1 유전자를 결손 시킨 생쥐모델을 이용한 최근의 연구 결과에 의하면 인슐린유사 성장인자-1 자체도 장수에 관여함이 최초로 밝혀졌으며, 이는 인슐린유사 성장인자-1 회로가 무척추동물뿐 아니라 척추동물에서도 장수에 관여함을 명백하게 보여주는 결과이다. 장수를 조절하는 분자 메커니즘은 아직 완전하게 설명되지 않지만, 감소되어진 인슐린유사 성장인자-1의 신호가 장수와 노화의 조절에 중요한 역할을 하며, 인슐린유사 성장인자-1 회로에 관여하는 여러 가지 유전자들의 장수에서의 역할을 유전자 조작된 생쥐모델을 이용하여 집중적으로 검토하려 한다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.86-108
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• 2019

In multi-cellular organisms, the control of gene expression is key not only for development, but also for adult cellular homeostasis, and gene expression has been observed to be deregulated with aging. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the transcriptional alterations that have been described to occur with age in metazoans. First, we discuss age-related transcriptional changes in protein-coding genes, the expected functional impact of such changes, and how known pro-longevity interventions impact these changes. Second, we discuss the changes and impact of emerging aspects of transcription in aging, including age-related changes in splicing, lncRNAs and circRNAs. Third, we discuss the changes and potential impact of transcription of transposable elements with aging. Fourth, we highlight small ncRNAs and their potential impact on the regulation of aging phenotypes. Understanding the aging transcriptome will be key to identify important regulatory targets, and ultimately slow-down or reverse aging and extend healthy lifespan in humans.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2008

In this review, we discuss the genes and the related signal pathways that regulate aging and longevity by reviewing recent findings of genetic longevity models in rodents in reference to findings with lower organisms. We also paid special attention to the genes and signals mediating the effects of calorie restriction (CR), a powerful intervention that slows the aging process and extends the lifespan in a range of organisms. An evolutionary view emphasizes the roles of nutrient-sensing and neuroendocrine adaptation to food shortage as the mechanisms underlying the effects of CR. Genetic and non-genetic interventions without CR suggest a role for single or combined hormonal signals that partly mediate the effect of CR. Longevity genes fall into two categories, genes relevant to nutrient-sensing systems and those associated with mitochondrial function or redox regulation. In mammals, disrupted or reduced growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signaling robustly favors longevity. CR also suppresses the GH-IGF-1 axis, indicating the importance of this signal pathway. Surprisingly, there are very few longevity models to evaluate the enhanced anti-oxidative mechanism, while there is substantial evidence supporting the oxidative stress and damage theory of aging. Either increased or reduced mitochondrial function may extend the lifespan. The role of redox regulation and mitochondrial function in CR remains to be elucidated.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.62-65
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• 2002

We have previously shown that the addition of silkworm hemolymph to a culture medium increases the longevity of insect and mammalian cells by inhibiting apoptosis. This indicates that the component which inhibits apoptosis is contained in the silkworm hemolymph, The apoptosis-inhibiting component was isolated from silkwonn hemolymph and characterized in our previous study. A database search using the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this component as a template resulted in a 95% homology with a low molecular weight lipoprotein, the so called ’30K protein' of unknown function. In this study, the 30K protein gene was expressed in mammalian and insect cells to confirm the apoptosis-inhibiting effect. The overexpression of 30K protein in mammalian cell inhibited the staurosporin-induced apoptosis by the prevention of the activation of caspase 3. Using an Autographa californicanuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) system, the 30K protein was overexpressed also in insect cells. The expression of the 30K protein increased the longevity of baculovirus-infected insect cells by inhibiting apoptosis. These results suggest that the 30K protein is a novel anti-apoptotic protein.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

To assess the risk of genetically modified (GM) rice on the agricultural ecosystem, agronomic characteristics, pollen longevity and outcrossing rate between GM (Iksan 483 and Milyang 204) and non-GM (their wild types and female parents) varieties were investigated using the bar gene as a tracer marker in paddy field. The agronomic characteristics of two GM rice were similar to their female-parents (non-GM rice) except heading date and 1,000 grain weight of Iksan 483, and they did not show a difference by the introgression of the bar gene as the genetic traits of rice varieties. Pollen viability was more than 90% just after shedding, and it was rapidly decreased below 50% at 5 minutes after shedding both GM and non-GM varieties. The Pollen longevity was lost after 30 minutes of anthesis. When the distance of gene flow from GM to non-GM rice detected to 6 m from the edge of GM rice plant, the maximum distance of pollen dispersal was 4.5m and 3.9m in Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, respectively, and that was increased in order of west, south, east, and north to the dominant wind direction, west-south. Mean outcrossing rate was very low as 0.003 and 0.001% within 1.5 m from the edge of Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, and the GM hybrids by the pollen dispersal did not detected over 4.5 m from the edge of GM rice plant. The results may help to establish the strategy which reduce the risk of pollen-mediated gene flow between GM and non-GM rice.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

본 연구는 유채의 화분이동으로 근연종 갓과의 교잡을 통해 형성된 교잡종의 발아휴면특성과 월하 및 월동성을 평가하여 교잡종의 잡초화 가능성을 예측하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 교잡종은 부본인 유채와 모본인 갓에 비해 전반적인 발아특성이 갓에 근접한 중간적인 특성을 보여주었으며, 휴면성도 41.1%로 갓에 근접한 높은 휴면성을 보여주었다. 수확 직후 종자를 토양에 매립하여 월하특성을 평가한 결과 표토보다는 3 cm 토심에서 월등히 높은 월하특성을 보여주었으며, 월하기간과 상관없이 3 cm 토심조건에서 부본인 유채에 비해 매우 높고 모본인 갓에 비해 약간 높은 월하특성을 보여주었다. 반면 종자의 월동특성은 월하특성과 반대로 표토조건에서 교잡종이 부모종보다 높은 월동성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 유채-갓 교잡종은 휴면성이 비교적 높고 월하 및 월동성이 높아 잡초화 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 유채-갓 교잡종의 보다 명확한 잡초화 가능성 평가를 위해서는 교잡종의 종자생산 가능성 및 자연 생태계 적응성 여부에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.154-166
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• 1999

General characteristics and life span of silkworm moth were investigated amongst 277 gene resources preserved and maintained in Korea. Silkworm varieties were classified according to the commercial characteristics and the viability of tested varieties. There were significant differences among the eight different commercial characteristics of silkworm such as whole larval period, duration of 5th instar, pupal body weight, single cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, cocoon yield and longevity, Tropical race showed the longest life span among the other five geographical races, and followed by Japanese, European, Chinese and Korean race in order. In the longevity of each variety, Daizo(sdi) showed the shortest life span with 4.3days, and J037 was the longest as 16.0 days. Average longevity of female was 11.1 days as showed 3.0 days longer than that of male which was 8.2 days. Total average longevity of the whole varieties was 9.7days. In the correlation between the longevity and commercial characteristics, there was a tendency that the commercial characteristics became better when the life span was longer. According to the result of Complete Linkage Cluster Analysis, the genetic resources of 277 silkworm varieties classified into 5 groups such as “Group I”for short life span with low cocoon yielding “Group II”for middle life span with middle cocoon yielding,“Group III”for the shortest life span with low cocoon yielding, “Group IV”for high pupation rate and the highest cocoon yielding with comparatively long life span, and “Group V”for the longest life span with comparatively high cocoon yielding.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2002

벼멸구를 저항성 품종에서 도태시켰을 때 새로운 생태형으로 발전되는 속도와 벼멸구의 생태형과 벼의 품종저항성 간에 유전적으로 대응하고 있는지를 알아보고자, 감수성품종(동진벼)으로 사육하던 벼멸구를 Bph1 gene을 가진 저항성품종(청청벼)으로 각각 3세대 및 6세대 도태시킨 후, 같은 Bph1 gene을 가진 4개 품종(Mudgo, IR26, IR64, 청청벼)과, 다른 bph2 gene을 가진 2개 품종(밀양63호 및 가야벼)및 저항성이 없는 2개 품종(동진벼, TN-1)을 공시하여 각 계통의 벼멸구의 산란 및 섭식선호성, 수명, 발육기간, 사충율, 산란수 등을 조사하였다. 그 결과 감수성 벼멸구(생태형-1)를 저항성 Bph1 유전자를 갖인 청청벼에서 3세대(청청3세대계)및 6세대(청청6세대계)로 도태시켰을 때, 사육세대가 많아질수록 청청벼에서의 성충의 수명은 길어지고, 산란수는 많아지며, 또한 약충의 우화율이 높아지고, 약충기간이 짧아지는 등 빠르게 저항성을 극복하였다. 청청3세대계 및 6세대계 벼멸구는 청청벼와 같은 Bph1저항성 유전자를 가진 다른 품종들(Mudgo, IR26, IR64)에 대해서도 도태세대수가 많아지면서 선호성이 점점 높아지는 경향이었다. 성충의 수명과 산란수에 있어서도 청청3세대계, 청청6세대계 등으로 도태세대가 많아질수록 같은 저항성 Bph1유전자를 가진 Mudgo, IR26, IR64등에서 수명이 길어지고 산란수도 많아졌다. 벼멸구의 약충기간은 품종과 벼멸구 도태계통간에 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나, 약충기간 중 사망률은 도태가 진행되면서 역시 Bph1저항성 gene의 4개 품종 모두에서 낮아졌고, 죽은 개체의 수명도 길어졌다. 밀양 63호(bph2 gene)와 가야벼(Bph1+bph2 gene) 등 2개 품종에서는 벼멸구의 3개 계통 모두 우화하지 못했다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2002

It has long been recognized that exposure to low levels of toxic chemicals could have beneficial effects, such as increased resistance to related chemicals or stimulation of growth or development. The notion of radiation hormesis, that exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation could produce beneficial effects, developed seriously in the late 1950’s, and was, to most radiation scientists, incredible. This was due in pan to the then prevailing ideas of radiobiological mechanisms, in part to the sweeping generalizations made by the leading proponents of the radiation hormesis concept, and in pan to the many failures to confirm reports of beneficial effects. More recent understanding of the mechanisms of radiation damage and repair, and discoveries of induction of gene expression by radiation and other genotoxic agents [the adaptive response] make it seem inevitable that under suitable conditions, irradiation will produce beneficial effects.