• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2000

Numerical studies were carried out to investigate long-term behavior of flat plates, subjected to combined in-plane compressive and transverse loads. For the numerical studies, a computer program of nonlinear finite element analysis was developed. It can address creep and shrinkage as weel as geometrical and material nonlinearity, and also it can address various load combinations and loading sequences of transverse load, in-plane compressive load and time. This numerical method was verified by comparison with the existing experiments. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the strength variations of flat plates with four parameters; 1) loading sequence of floor load, compressive load and time 2) uniaxial and biaxial compression 3) the ratio of dead to live load 4) span length. Through the numerical studies, the behavioral characteristics of the flat plates and the governing load combinations were examined. These results will be used to develop a design procedure for the long-term behavior of flat plates in the future.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.308-314
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• 1997

Shrinkage and creep are the fundamental properties of concrete. These long term deformations can be seen as bothersome(increased deflection) or can be seen as reduction of compressive stress of prestressed concrete. Steel fibers advance the mechanical properties of concrete:tensile strength, ductility, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and post-cracking resistance, etc...Silica fume is pozzolanic material which combines with hydrated lime to generate silicate materials which increase the compressive strength and reduce somewhat the creep of concrete. This paper is the result of the long-term deformation by silica fume and steel fibers with varying percentages.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1326-1331
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• 2006

The precast concrete deck is one of suitable solutions for replacement and new construction in urban area. However, the precast concrete deck could be a weak point of the steel plate girder bridges structurally due to the connections between precast panels in the longitudinal direction. Thereafter, it is necessary for improvement of durability and load carrying capacity to introduce the prestress force in the longitudinal direction Some cracks of connections at the precast concrete deck may be occurred due to live loads, the difference of temperature and long-term effects. The shrinkage and creep of concrete may significantly affect long-term behaviors which occur tensile stresses at the precast concrete deck of steel plate girder bridges. In this study, the time-dependant analysis program has been developed to determine the initial prestress force in the longitudinal direction considering loss of stress at the precast concrete deck. Also it has been estimated the initial prestress force by construction stages and shapes of girder.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2004

It was found from the previous experimental studies that the long-term deformation of SRC columns was quite different from that of RC columns. A new approach method is needed to quantitatively predict the long-term deformation of SRC columns. In this study, the causes of the difference between the behaviors of RC and SRC columns are investigated and discussed. SRC columns exhibit a time-dependent relative humidity distribution in a cross section differently from that of RC columns due to the presence of a flange, which interferes with the moisture diffusion of concrete. This different relative humidity distribution may reduce the drying shrinkage and the drying creep in comparison with RC columns.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2004

This paper describes an experimental investigation of how time-dependent deformations of high strength concretes are affected by maximum size of coarse aggregate, curing time, and relatively low sustained stress level. A set of high strength concrete mixes, mainly containing two different maximum sizes of coarse aggregate, have been used to investigate drying shrinkage and creep strain of high strength concrete for 7 and 28-day moist cured cylinder specimens. Based upon one-year experimental results, drying shrinkage of high strength concrete was significantly affected by the maximum size of coarse aggregate at early age, and become gradually decreased at late age. The larger the maximum size of coarse aggregate in high strength concrete shows the lower the creep strain. The prediction equations for drying shrinkage and creep coefficient were developed on the basis of the experimental results, and compared with existing prediction models.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권4호
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• pp.335-347
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• 2024

This study pioneers the exploration of creep and shrinkage behavior in ambient-cured geopolymer concrete (GPC), a vital yet under-researched area in concrete technology. Focusing on the influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentration, the research utilizes low calcium fly ash (Class-F) and alkaline solutions to prepare two sets of GPC. The results show distinct patterns in compressive strength development and dry shrinkage reduction, with a 14 M NaOH solution demonstrating a 26.5% lower dry shrinkage than the 16 M solution. The creep behavior indicated a high initial strain within the first 7 days, significantly influenced by curing conditions and NaOH concentration. This study contributes to the existing knowledge by providing a deeper understanding of the time-dependent properties of GPC, which is crucial for optimizing its performance in structural applications.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

This research was to evaluate the shrinkage and durability performance of latex modified repair mortar and to improve the service lift of the agricultural concrete structures. The shrinkage characteristics of the repair material creates the delamination of repair materials and existing concrete. It may reduce the service life of structures. Also the reduction of durability performance of the repair materials induces the destruction of the repaired concrete structures at early stage. In this research, plastic and drying shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient for shrinkage properties, durability performance, permeability, repeated freezing and thawing, and resistance of chemical solution test were performed. Test results showed that the latex modified repair mortar indicated the shrinkage amount which the delamination does not happen, and the latex modified repair mortar appeared excellent long-term durability performance which can increase the service life.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.293-296
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• 2008

콘크리트의 크리프와 건조수축은 재료 자체의 변동성과 모델의 불확실성 때문에 매우 복잡한 현상이다. 콘크리트 구조물의 장기거동을 예측할 수 있는 크리프와 건조수축 모델은 여러 가지 환경요인을 고려한 설계기준(Design Code)으로부터 얻을 수 있다. 하지만 같은 환경하에서 설계기준으로부터 구한 모델은 각기 다르기도 하다. 실제 콘크리트의 특성을 구하기 위해 장기간 실험을 통하기도 하지만 이는 실제 건설 현장에서는 쉬운 일이 아니고 이 또한 실구조물에서 다를 수 있다. 설계과정에서의 가정한 물성과 실제 물성의 차이가 있다면, 실제 구조물의 장기 거동을 정확히 예측하지 못하게 된다. 따라서 시공중이나 공용중 시간거동 예측을 정확히 하기 위해서는 실제 교량에서 시간의존거동에 미치는 요소 중 크리프 특성이 적절하게 주어졌는지에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 교량의 시간에 따른 거동을 측정한 자료가 주어졌을 때크 리프 민감도 해석을 수행하여 콘크리트의 크리프 계수를 예측하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2016

개발된 저열 시멘트 콘크리트의 장기거동 특성인 비구속 건조수축과 크리프가 양생온도를 주요 변수로 측정하였다. 저열 콘크리트의 목표 압축강도인 42MPa를 고려하여 양생온도 5, 20, $40^{\circ}C$에서 물-결합재비는 각각 27.5, 30, 32.5%를 선택하였다. 콘크리트의 건조수축 변형률은 양생온도가 낮을수록 모세관 수 및 겔 공극수의 증발지연으로 인해 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 반면 크리프 변형률은 전이 온도 크리프의 발생으로 인하여 초기 양생온도가 낮은 실험체에서 높았다. 콘크리트 구조설계기준(KCI) 예측모델은 ACI 209 예측모델에 비해 실험결과와 잘 일치하였지만 개발된 저열 시멘트에 대한 보정계수의 제안이 필요하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.687-707
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• 2015

A finite element computer code for short-term analysis of steel-concrete composite structures is extended to study long-term effects under service loads, in the present work. Long-term effects are important in engineering design because they influence stress and strain distribution of the structural system and therefore contribute to the increment of deflections in these structures. For creep analysis, a rheological model based on a Kelvin chain, with elements placed in series, was employed. The parameters of the Kelvin chain were obtained using Dirichlet series. Creep and shrinkage models, proposed by the CEB FIP 90, were used. The shear-lag phenomenon that takes place at the concrete slab is usually neglected or not properly taken into account in the formulation of beam-column finite elements. Therefore, in this work, a three-dimensional numerical model based on the assemblage of shell finite elements for representing the steel beam and the concrete slab is used. Stud shear connectors are represented for special beam-column elements to simulate the partial interaction at the slab-beam interface. The two-dimensional representation of the concrete slab permits to capture the non-uniform shear stress distribution in the horizontal plane of the slab due to shear-lag phenomenon. The model is validated with experimental results of two full-scale continuous composite beams previously studied by other authors. Results are given in terms of displacements, bending moments and cracking patterns in order to shown the influence of long-term effects in the structural response and also the potentiality of the present numerical code.