• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

Treating pork loins with lactic acid cultures (Lactococcus lactis subsp. ATCC 11454 grown in 10% milk solids) during storage at 4$^{\circ}C$ were studied. 2-Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), color. and drip loss evaluations of refrigerated pork loins were assessed. Pork loins were immersed in solutions containing 0∼10% individual lactic acid cultures for 0∼5 min. Pork loins treated with 3.96 log units of lactic acid cultures after storage of 1 days as 4$^{\circ}C$ had no significant difference (P > 0.05) TBA values compared to those of controls. Pork loins treated with 3.96 log unitss of lactic acid cultures during storage of 9 days at 4$^{\circ}C$ had no significant difference (P > 0.05). Hunter color L* and b* values compared to those of controls. However, pork loins treated with 4.10 and 4.23 log unitss of lactic acid cultures after storage of 1 and days at 4$^{\circ}C$ had a significant difference (P < 0.05) Hunter color a* values compared to those of controls. Pork loins treated with 4.10 and 4.23 log unitss of lactic acid cultures after storage of 4 days at 4$^{\circ}C$ had a significant difference (P < 0.05) drip loss values compared to those of controls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.464-477
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• 2013

There is a great need to develop a training program proven to change behavior and improve knowledge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate employee hygiene knowledge, hygiene practice, and cleanliness, before and after HACCP system implementation at one small-size restaurant. The efficiency of the system was analyzed using time-temperature control after implementation of u-HACCP$^{(R)}$. The employee hygiene knowledge and practices showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) after HACCP system implementation. In non-heating processes, such as seasoned lettuce, controlling the sanitation of the cooking facility and the chlorination of raw ingredients were identified as the significant CCP. Sanitizing was an important CCP because total bacteria were reduced 2~4 log CFU/g after implementation of HACCP. In bean sprouts, microbial levels decreased from 4.20 logCFU/g to 3.26 logCFU/g. There were significant correlations between hygiene knowledge, practice, and microbiological contamination. First, personnel hygiene had a significant correlation with 'total food hygiene knowledge' scores (p<0.05). Second, total food hygiene practice scores had a significant correlation (p<0.05) with improved microbiological qualities of lettuce salad. Third, concerning the assessment of microbiological quality after 1 month, there were significant (p<0.05) improvements in times of heating, and the washing and division process. On the other hand, after 2 months, microbiological was maintained, although only two categories (division process and kitchen floor) were improved. This study also investigated time-temperature control by using ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) consisting of an ubi reader (CCP thermometer), an ubi manager (tablet PC), and application software (HACCP monitoring system). The result of the temperature control before and after USN showed better thermal management (accuracy, efficiency, consistency of time control). Based on the results, strict time-temperature control could be an effective method to prevent foodborne illness.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.857-864
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• 2005

Purpose : The objectives of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the indices of insulin sensitivity using fasting glucose and insulin level, and the body fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA), and to determine the clinical usefulness of insulin sensitivity indices when obese children were followed up. Methods : In this study, 28 simple obese children and adolescents were included. Anthropometric data including body weight, height, obesity degree(OD), body mass index(BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio were collected and then body fat mass was measured by using BIA and DEXA. For metabolic data, 12 hour fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid profiles were measured and indices for insulin sensitivity(G/I ratio, $log_{insulin}$, HOMA-IR, $log_{HOMA-IR}$, QUICKI) were calculated. Results : BMI had a higher correlation with insulin sensitivity indices than OD(G/I ratio, -0.463 vs -0.209; $log_{insulin}$, 0.417 vs 0.196; HOMA-IR, 0.301 vs 0.238; $log_{HOMA-IR}$, 0.403 vs 0.198; QUICKI, -0.451 vs -0.224). But OD had a higher correlation with body fat mass measured by BIA and DEXA than BMI(BIA, 0.612 vs 0.316; DEXA, 0.667 vs 0.512). The G/I ratio was correlated with body fat mass in BIA(r=-0.420, P<0.05) and DEXA(r=-0.512, P<0.01), percentage of body fat(percentage of fat) in BIA(r=-0.366, P<0.05) and DEXA(r=-0.449, P<0.01). HOMA-IR was only correlated with body fat mass in DEXA(r=0.341, P<0.05). Conclusion : This study revealed that G/I ratios had a statistically significant correlation with anthropometric obesity indices(OD and BMI) and also had a correlation with both body fat mass and percentage of fat. These results suggest that G/I ratios could be used as useful index when obese children and adolescence are followed up.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.260-267
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• 2005

To search efficiently a text T of length n for a pattern P over an alphabet 5, suffix trees and suffix arrays are widely used. In case of a large text, suffix arrays are preferred to suffix trees because suffix ways take less space than suffix trees. Recently, O(${\mid}P{\mid}{\codt}{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid}$-time and O(${\mid}P{\mid}P{\cdot}log{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid}$)-time search algorithms in suffix ways were developed. In this paper we present time and space efficient search algorithms in suffix arrays. One algorithm runs in O(${\mid}P{\mid}$) time using O($n{\cdot}{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid}$)-bits space, and the other runs in O($n{\cdot}{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid}$ time using O($nlog{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid}+{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid}{\cdot}$nlog log n/logn)-bits space, which is more space efficient and still fast. Experiments show that our algorithms are efficient in both time and space when compared to previous algorithms.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.221-234
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• 1996

Basic studies for the effective extraction of dibenzylammonium dibenzyldithiocarbamate(DBADBDC) complexes of Ag(I), Pd(II), Au(III) and Pt(IV) into chloroform have been conducted. The effects of pH on the extraction of ligand itself and metal cemplexes showed that DBADBDC itself was uniformly extracted in the pH range of 2~9 and metal complexes were effectively extracted at the pH range as follows. That is, Ag(I) : in an acidic aqua medium, Pd(II) : > 4, Au(III) : wide range, and Pt(IV) : > 3. The distribution ratio and extractabilities were obtained from the partition and extraction equilibria of metal-DBDC complexes between aqueous solution and chloroform. Ag(I) : log D=4.226 : E(%)=99.9% in the aqueous solution of pH 0, Pd(II) : log D=1.804 : E(%)=98.5% at pH 4~7, Au(III) : log D=3.755 : E(%)=99.9% at pH 2~10, and Pt(IV) : log D=0.165 : E(%)=57.2% at pH 8.0. And also mole ratio of metal ion to ligand in complexes were determined by mole ratio method : 1 : 1 for Ag(I) and 1 : 2 for Pd(II), Au(III) and Pt(IV). $Cl^-$ was included as a coordination species in complexes of Au(III) and Pt(IV). Besides, extraction mechanisms of compleses sere examined in the presence of chloride ion in an aquous solution, and extraction reactions and estraction constants could be proposed and calculated, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.647-662
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• 2016

In this paper, we study Lipschitz continuous, the boundedness and compactness of the composition operator $C_{\phi}$ acting between the general hyperbolic Bloch type-classes ${\mathcal{B}}^{\ast}_{p,{\log},{\alpha}}$ and general hyperbolic Besov-type classes $F^{\ast}_{p,{\log}}(p,q,s)$. Moreover, these classes are shown to be complete metric spaces with respect to the corresponding metrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.940-944
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• 2006

The propose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological hazards of the customers' hands in university foodservice operation. A total of 190 customers' hands were sampled to test about aerobie plate counts, coliforms, E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The average number of aerobic plate counts was 3.11 log CFU/hand Ifrom 0.70 to 6.47 log CFU/hand) and that of coliform counts was 1.06 log CFU/hand (from not detected to 5.04 log CFU/hand). The mean level of aerobic plate counts (t=9.87, p<0.001) and coliforms (t=7.91, p<0.05) was significantly different by gender. E. coli was not detected, but Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 39 (20.5%) of 190 samples. The average of hand-washing frequency was 6.46 time per day. By the hand-washing frequency, the mean level of aerobic plate counts was significantly different (F=527, p<0.001), but coliforms was not significantly different. This study shows that it is needs to be given attention to hygiene handlers but also for customers in foodservice operations.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.745-756
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• 2019

In this paper, we establish the log convexity and Turán type inequalities of extended (p, q)-beta functions. Likewise, we present the log-convexity, the monotonicity and Turán type inequalities for extended (p, q)-confluent hypergeometric function by utilizing the inequalities of extended (p, q)-beta functions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2006

The removal of protozoa in the coagulation process was evaluated under the different pH and turbidity using the jar test after the addition of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) as a coagulant. Two well-known protozoa of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia were tested at the same time with turbidity, the critical water quality parameter of the water treatment process. Both protozoa were removed about 1log (and up to 2log) at the optimum injection of PAC. The source water turbidity and pH affected the removal of protozoa and turbidity. At neutral and alkaline pH, 1.3-1.7log removal of protozoa for low turbid water with 5NTU, and 1.6-2.3log removal for high turbid water with 30NTU were achieved. However, at acidic pH, maximum 0.8-1.0log and 1.1-1.2log were removed for low and high turbid water, respectively, at the optimum PAC injection of 15mg/L. The relation of protozoa and turbidity removals were expressed as the 1st order equation (significantly positive relation) in the most of the tested conditions. In addition, the relation of protozoan removals with residual turbidity were also expressed the 1st order equation (significantly negative relation), although the significance of the equations were reduced at acidic pH. Therefore, residual turbidity could be a good index of efficient protozoan removal in the coagulation process, probably except at the low pH condition.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

Dental caries are one of the most common oral diseases and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of dental caries. Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) that produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), causing oral malodor. Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) is known as typical periodontopathic bacteria, and periodontal disease is chronic inflammatory disease that leads to damage of gingival connective tissue and alveolar bone, eventually loss of teeth. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial effect of mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), green tea water extract and pine needles water extract against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria sucn as S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. As a result, the reduction ratios of S. mutans and P. gingivalis were 4.00 Log and 4.68 Log reduction for 30 s, and P. intermedia were 2.40 Log reduction for 30 s and 2.70 Log reduction for 60 s. Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) provides easy detection of visual data showing a significant inhibition on S. mutans. In conclusion, we expected that mouthwash containing CPC, NaF, green tea water extract and pine needles water extract could help preventing the dental disease like dental caries and oral malodor.