Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.3.464

The Implementation of a HACCP System through u-HACCP Application and the Verification of Microbial Quality Improvement in a Small Size Restaurant  

Lim, Tae-Hyeon (Dept. of HACCP Promotion/Implementation, Korea Health Industry Development Institute)
Choi, Jung-Hwa (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Soongeui Women's College)
Kang, Young-Jae (Kang Food Safety Consulting)
Kwak, Tong-Kyung (Dept. of Food & Nutrition, Yonsei University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.42, no.3, 2013 , pp. 464-477 More about this Journal
Abstract
There is a great need to develop a training program proven to change behavior and improve knowledge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate employee hygiene knowledge, hygiene practice, and cleanliness, before and after HACCP system implementation at one small-size restaurant. The efficiency of the system was analyzed using time-temperature control after implementation of u-HACCP$^{(R)}$. The employee hygiene knowledge and practices showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) after HACCP system implementation. In non-heating processes, such as seasoned lettuce, controlling the sanitation of the cooking facility and the chlorination of raw ingredients were identified as the significant CCP. Sanitizing was an important CCP because total bacteria were reduced 2~4 log CFU/g after implementation of HACCP. In bean sprouts, microbial levels decreased from 4.20 logCFU/g to 3.26 logCFU/g. There were significant correlations between hygiene knowledge, practice, and microbiological contamination. First, personnel hygiene had a significant correlation with 'total food hygiene knowledge' scores (p<0.05). Second, total food hygiene practice scores had a significant correlation (p<0.05) with improved microbiological qualities of lettuce salad. Third, concerning the assessment of microbiological quality after 1 month, there were significant (p<0.05) improvements in times of heating, and the washing and division process. On the other hand, after 2 months, microbiological was maintained, although only two categories (division process and kitchen floor) were improved. This study also investigated time-temperature control by using ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) consisting of an ubi reader (CCP thermometer), an ubi manager (tablet PC), and application software (HACCP monitoring system). The result of the temperature control before and after USN showed better thermal management (accuracy, efficiency, consistency of time control). Based on the results, strict time-temperature control could be an effective method to prevent foodborne illness.
Keywords
HACCP; USN; restaurants; hygiene knowledge & practice; verification;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 12  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Jin YI, Kim BP, Ra JG. 2008. A study of activation plan for Korean restaurant business - Conducting a survey of consumers and suppliers in Seoul -. Korean Foodservice Assoc 4: 167-198.
2 Korean Food Drug Administration. 2012. Annual report of foodborne illness. Available from: http://www.kfda.go.kr/e-stat/index.do?nMenuCode=19 Accessed July 20, 2012.
3 Chung MS. 2006. Hazzard management and risk assessment of food. Safe Food 1: 8-15.
4 Park SH, Noh JM, Chang HJ, Kang YJ, Kwak TK. 2007. Risk factor analysis for preventing foodborne illness in restaurants and the development of food safety training materials. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 23: 589-600.   과학기술학회마을
5 Kwak TK, Chang HJ, Ryu K, Kim SH. 1998. Effectiveness of 70% alcohol solution and hand washing methods on removing transient skin bacteria in foodservice operation. J Korean Diet Assoc 4: 235-244.   과학기술학회마을
6 Noh JM. 2006. Field assessment of microbiological quality of restaurant operations and development of a sanitation training manual. MS Thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. p 85-88.
7 Soriano JM, Rico H, Molto JC, Manes J. 2002. Effect of introduction of HACCP on the microbiological quality of some restaurant meals. Food Control 13: 253-261.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Panisello PJ, Quantick PC. 2001. Technical barriers to hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). Food Control 12: 165-173.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Eves A, Dervisi P. 2005. Experiences of the implementation and operation of hazard analysis critical control points in the food service sector. Int J Hosp Manag 24: 3-19.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Garayoa R, Vitas AI, Diez-Leturia M, Garcia-Jalon I. 2011. Food safety and the contract catering companies: Food handlers, facilities and HACCP evaluation. Food Control 22: 2006-2012.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Cho WK, Cho CB. 2009. The effects of the employees of the foodindustry about the level of HACCP system practice affecting the quality effectiveness and the operation results. Research of Hotel Resort 8: 39-57.
12 Domenech E, Amoros J, Perez-Gonzalvo M, Escriche I. 2011. Implementation and effectiveness of the HACCP and pre-requisites in food establishments. Food Control 22: 1419-1423.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Martinez-Tome M, Vera AM, Murcia MA. 2000. Improving the control of food production in catering establishments with particular reference to the safety of salads. Food Control 11: 437-445.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kim KB. 2008. Monitoring technology of food quality using USN technology. Food & Mach 5: 23-30.
15 Cenci-Goga BT, Ortenzi R, Bartocci E, Codega de Oliveira A, Clementi F, Vizzani A. 2005. Effect of the implementation of HACCP on the microbiological quality of meals at a university restaurant. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2: 138-145.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Kim BS. 2010. Agricultural products distribution and u-IT convergence technology. Food Preserv Process Ind 9: 32-38.
17 Kim MH, Son BR, Kim DK, Kim JG. 2009. Agricultural products traceability management system based on RFID/ USN. Journal of KIISE: Computing Practices and Letters 15: 331-343.   과학기술학회마을
18 Shin SC, Shin DY, Son BR, Kim JG. 2007. The development on HACCP safety management system using ubiquitous sensor networks. 2007 Fall Meeting of Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers. Vol 34, p 440-445.   과학기술학회마을
19 Choi JH. 2000. An education and training case study for the implementation of HACCP system for school foodservice operations. MS Thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. p 85-90.
20 Toh PS, Birchenough A. 2000. Food safety knowledge and attitudes: culture and environment impact on hawkers in Malaysia: Knowledge and attitudes are key attributes of concern in hawker foodhandling practices and outbreaks of food poisoning and their prevention. Food Control 11: 447-452.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Eo GH, Ryu K, Park SJ, Kwak TK. 2001. Need assessments of HACCP-based sanitation training program in elementary school foodservice operations based on sanitation knowledge test of employees. J Korean Diet Assoc 7: 56-64.   과학기술학회마을
22 Jevsnik M, Hlebec V, Raspor P. 2008. Food safety knowledge and practices among food handlers in Slovenia. Food Control 19: 1107-1118.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Park YH, Jun SY, Lee YK. 2007. Foodservice employees' awareness and performance in sanitation and customers' satisfaction with sanitation at large-sized restaurants. Korean J Nutr 40: 542-557.   과학기술학회마을
24 Bolton DJ, Meally A, Blair IS, McDowell DA, Cowan C. 2008. Food safety knowledge of head chefs and catering managers in Ireland. Food Control 19: 291-300.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Yi NY, Lee KE, Park JY. 2009. Evaluation of foodservice workers' food safety knowledge and practices at senior welfare centers. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 25: 677-689.   과학기술학회마을
26 Lyu ES, Jeong DK. 1999. The sanitary management procedures of foodservice in elementary schools in Pusan. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 1398-1404.   과학기술학회마을
27 Chang HW, Bae HJ. 2010. Assessment of food sanitation knowledge and performance of food service workers in school food service operations implementing HACCP. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 26: 781-790.   과학기술학회마을
28 Hong WS, Yim JM. 2009. Evaluation of foodservice employees' sanitary performance and sanitary education in middle and high schools in Seoul. J Korean Diet Assoc 15: 113-127.   과학기술학회마을
29 Paulson DS. 1992. Evaluation of three handwash modalities commonly employed in the food processing industry. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 12: 615-618.
30 McCartan C, Perryman S. 1982. Evaluation of a nutrition education and training (NET) workshop for school personnel. School Foodservice Research Review 6: 109-112.
31 Rivas KD, Canter DD. 1982. Effectiveness of talent for training school foodservice employee. School Foodservice Research Review 6: 113-118.
32 Snyder Jr OP. 1991. Food safety technical standards workshop report. J Foodservice Systems 6: 107-139.
33 Park SH, Jung HA, Bae HJ, Joo NM. 2009. A study on differences of sanitation education and sanitation knowledge between dietitians in school foodservice and managers in commercial foodservice. Korean J Community Nutrition 14: 306-315.   과학기술학회마을
34 Jeon EK, Bae HJ. 2009. Evaluation of sanitation management performance within school foodservice facilities and utilities in Gyeongbuk province. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 25: 62-73.   과학기술학회마을
35 Kim SH. 2010. Evaluation for importance and performance of sanitary characteristics by bakers in Busan. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 602-612.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Gilbert RJ, de Louvois J, Donovan T, Little C, Nye K, Ribeiro CD, Richards J, Roberts D, Bolton FJ. 2000. Guidelines for the microbiological quality of some ready-to-eat foods sampled at the point of sale. PHLS Advisory Committee for Food and Dairy Products. Commun Dis Public Health 3: 163-167.
37 Paulson DS. 1996. Get a handle on hand contamination. Food Quality April: 42-46.
38 Bardell D. 1995. Herpes simplex virus types 1 applied experimentally to gloves used for food preparation. J Food Prot 58: 1150-1152.   DOI
39 Fendler EJ, Dolan MJ, Williams RA. 1998. Hand washing and gloving for food protection. Part II. Effectiveness. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitatioin 18: 824-829.
40 Kim EJ, Choi JH, Kwak TK. 2009. Analysis of microbiological hazards to determine S. aureus contamination levels at school foodservice operations in Gyeonggi province. Korean J Food Cookery Sci 25: 365-378.   과학기술학회마을
41 Harrigan WF. 1998. Laboratory methods in food microbiology. 3rd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA. p 307-309.
42 Brackett RE. 1992. Shelf stability and safety of fresh produce as influenced by sanitation and disinfection. J Food Prot 55: 808-814.   DOI
43 Moore CM, Sheldon BW, Jaykus LA. 2003. Transfer of Salmonella and Campylobacter from stainless steel to romain lettuce. J Food Prot 66: 2231-2236.   DOI
44 Kang YJ. 2001. Handwashing, essential for safe food preparation: a technical review. J Korean Public Health Assoc 27: 269-276.
45 Solberg M, Buckalew J, Chen CM, Schaffner DW, O'Neill K, McDowell J, Post LS, Boderck M. 1990. Microbiological safety assurance system for foodservice facilities. Food Technol 44: 68-73.
46 Chun HJ, Paik JE, Lee YK, Kim ES. 1998. The microbiological assessment of plastic container and kitchen utensils used in employee feeding foodservice operation in Seoul. Korean J Soc Food Sci 14: 21-24.   과학기술학회마을
47 Kwak TK, Nam SL, Kim JL, Park SJ, Seo SY, Kim SH, Choi EH. 1995. Hazard analysis of commissary school foodservice operations. Korean J Soc Food Sci 11: 249-260.   과학기술학회마을
48 Park HK, Kim KL, Shin HW, Kye SH, Yoo WC. 2000. Evaluation of microbiological hazards of cooking utensils and environment of mass catering establishments. J Fd Hyg Safety 15: 315-323.   과학기술학회마을
49 Kim HB, Choi YY. 2008. A study on the obstacles in introducing sanitation management systems for hotel F&B: focusing on HACCP system. J Foodservice Management 11: 197-220.
50 Kim GM, Lee SY. 2008. A study on the sanitation management status and barriers to HACCP system implementation of school foodservice institutions in Seoul metropolitan area. Korean J Community Nutrition 13: 405-417.   과학기술학회마을
51 Soh GS, Kim YS, Shin DH. 2007. A survey on the sanitary management in food service institutions. J Fd Hyg Safety 22: 63-75.   과학기술학회마을