• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2004

Real data as web log file tend to be incomplete. But we have to find useful knowledge from these for optimal decision. In web log data, many useful things which are hyperlink information and web usages of connected users may be found. The size of web data is too huge to use for effective knowledge discovery. To make matters worse, they are very sparse. We overcome this sparse problem using Markov Chain Monte Carlo method as multiple imputations. This missing value imputation changes spare web data to complete. Our study may be a useful tool for discovering knowledge from data set with sparseness. The more sparseness of data in increased, the better performance of MCMC imputation is good. We verified our work by experiments using UCI machine learning repository data.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.81-94
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• 2023

The increased adoption of open source security management in supply chains is gaining worldwide attention. In particular, as security and threatening situations, such as solar winds, Kaseya ransomware, and Log4j vulnerability, are becoming more common in supply chains using software (SW)-defined networks, SW bills of materials (SBOMs) for SW products should be prepared to protect major countries like the United States. An SBOM provides SW component information and is expected to become required for SW supply chain management. We focus on SW supply chain management policies and SBOM trends in major countries and private organizations worldwide for safe SW use and determine the current status of Korea and ETRI's open source SW supply chain management trends.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.281-285
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• 2009

The retention of solutes in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography depends on their hydrophobicity. Although the retention behaviors of alkyl benzenes have been reported so far, quite a few authors have mentioned the retention behavior of alkyl benzenes with plural hydrophobicity parameters. In this sense, we were interested in the retention behaviors of alkyl benzenes having benzene moiety and increasing alkyl chain. In this study, we therefore investigated the retention behavior of alkyl benzenes in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in order to obtain information concerning the effects of the aromatic moiety and the carbon chain on the retention mechanism by comparing their capacity factor (k') in relation to the carbon chain length. The eluent acetonitrile ($CH_3CN$) showed high selectivity on alkyl benzenes, showing the high difference of capacity factor (${\Delta}log\;k'$) between toluene and octyl benzene. Indeed, the ${\Delta}log\;k'$ of 80% $CH_3CN$ represented 1.42- and 4.25-times longer than 90% MeOH and 60% THF, respectively. The hydrophobicity parameters, van der Waals volume, bond constant, partition constant, $\pi$-energy effect and enthalpy were evaluated with the capacity factor (k') of alkyl benzenes eluted on 80% CH3CN, 90% MeOH and 60% THF, respectively. The best eluent for predicting retention behavior of alkyl benzenes was 90% MeOH ($R^2$ 0.999). The three parameters, van der Waals volume, bond constant and partition constant were well coincident to log k' by increasing alkyl benzenes. However, $\pi$-energy effect and enthalpy were severely disagreeable. Taken together, van der Waals volume, bond constant and partition constant were a reliable parameters to predict the retention behaviors of alkyl benzenes on reversed-phase column.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2016

어린잎 채소의 생산 및 가공 공정에서 원료농산물과 토양 및 용수 등 환경 시료를 채취하여 미생물학적 품질을 평가하고 식중독을 유발시킬 수 있는 주요 병원성 미생물을 분석하였다. 생산단계 어린잎 채소와 환경 시료의 일반 세균수는 모두 6.8 log CFU/g 이상 분석되었으며 대장균군은 어린잎 채소와 토양에서 각각 3.2 log CFU/g 및 3.5 log CFU/g 수준으로 오염되어 있었다. 가공공정 단계에서는 일반세균수와 대장균군 모두 세척공정이 진행됨에 따라 최종제품 단계에서는 오염수준이 감소되었다. B. cereus의 경우 생산단계에서는 어린잎 채소와 토양 또는 지지토에서 오염도가 높았으며, 가공공정에서는 원료 대비 최종 제품에서 약 1.4 log CFU/g 정도 감소되었다. 병원성 미생물의 정성분석 결과 생산단계에서는 S. aureus를 제외한 모든 병원성 미생물이 음성이었다. 본 연구에서 분리된 B. cereus를 이용하여 rep-PCR에 의한 유전적 상동성을 분석한 결과 생산단계의 경우 지지토와 시료에서 분리된 균주의 유전적 상동성이 높아 반복적으로 이용되는 지지토에 오염된 균주가 어린잎 채소로 이행되었을 가능성을 보여준 반면 가공공정에서 분리된 균주의 경우 유전적 상동성이 낮아 공정 중 재 오염될 가능성이 낮음을 시사하였다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.627-633
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• 1999

Let the given distribution $\pi$ have a log-concave density which is proportional to exp(-V(x)) on $R^d$. We consider a Markov chain induced by the method Gibbs sampling having $\pi$ as its in-variant distribution and prove geometric ergodicity and the functional central limit theorem for the process.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.799-803
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• 2017

In the present study, centrifugation and filtration pretreatments were evaluated to decrease sample preparation time and to improve the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of low levels of pathogenic Escherichia coli in various foods. Pathogenic E. coli (E. coli NCCP11142, E. coli NCCP14037, E. coli NCCP 14038, E. coli NCCP14039, and E. coli NCCP15661) was inoculated into pork, beef, and baby leafy vegetables at 1, 2, and 3 Log CFU/g. The samples were shaken 30 times (control), then centrifuged or filtered. DNA extracts from the samples were subjected to PCR using the $Powerchek^{TM}$ Diarrheal E. coli 8-plex Detection Kit. In the pork samples, no E. coli was detected in the control samples, while E. coli were detected in 100% of 3-Log CFU/g inoculated and centrifuged samples, and in 100% of 2 and 3-Log CFU/g inoculated, and filtered samples. In the beef samples, all control samples appeared to be E. coli-negative, while E. coli was detected in 50-75% of centrifuged samples, regardless of inoculated level, and in 100% of 2 and 3-Log CFU/g inoculated, and filtered samples. In baby leafy vegetables, E. coli were not detected in 25-50% of the control samples, while E. coli were detected in 0-25% of the centrifuged samples, and 75-100% of the filtered samples, depending on the inoculum amount. In conclusion, filtration pretreatment can be used to minimize sample preparation time, and improve the sensitivity and specificity of rapid detection of pathogenic E. coli in various foods.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.2941-2959
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• 2022

The fire brigade non-suppression probability model is a major factor that should be considered in evaluating fire-induced risk through fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), and also uncertainty is a critical consideration in support of risk-informed performance-based (RIPB) fire protection decision-making. This study developed an optimal integrated probabilistic fire brigade non-suppression model considering uncertainty of parameters based on the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach on electrical fire which is one of the most risk significant contributors. The result shows that the log-normal probability model with a location parameter (µ) of 2.063 and a scale parameter (σ) of 1.879 is best fitting to the actual fire experience data. It gives optimal model adequacy performance with Bayesian information criterion (BIC) of -1601.766, residual sum of squares (RSS) of 2.51E-04, and mean squared error (MSE) of 2.08E-06. This optimal log-normal model shows the better performance of the model adequacy than the exponential probability model suggested in the current fire PRA methodology, with a decrease of 17.3% in BIC, 85.3% in RSS, and 85.3% in MSE. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to the improvement and securement of fire PRA realism in the support of decision-making for RIPB fire protection programs.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1419-1427
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• 2008

This paper shows the kernel Poisson regression which can be applied in the claims reserving, where the row effect is assumed to be a nonlinear function of the row index. The paper concentrates on the chain-ladder technique, within the framework of the chain-ladder linear model. It is shown that the proposed method can provide better reserve estimates than the Poisson model. The cross validation function is introduced to choose optimal hyper-parameters in the procedure. Experimental results are then presented which indicate the performance of the proposed model.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2022

A special government agency has been charged with implementing quality management to guarantee the quality of wild-simulated ginseng. However, these processes are carried out by use of documents, and this has resulted in information omission and high document management costs. To solve this problem, this study analyzed the existing quality management process by using a smart contract for the existing offline form and proposed a new quality management system for storing and managing all log data in the blockchain. This system reduced documentation management costs about quality management and recorded information in the previous step through the quality management steps, thus forming a step-by-step record chain. Experiments were conducted by implementing this system, which improved data integrity and reliability. Additionally, sensitive information, such as personal information, was included in the system by use of the off-chain technology.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.265-279
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• 1999

본 연구에서는, Markov 연쇄 모형에 의해 산정된 모의 일 강우량을 일 유출모형인 Tand 모형에 입력시켜 모의 일유출량을 산정함으로써 저수유량계열을 확장하는 방법을 개발하였다. 또한, 모의된 일 유량계열로부터 지속기간별 연 최저치 계열을 작성하였으며, 지속기간별 연 최저치계열에 대한 빈도분석을 시행하였다. 분석에 사용된 분포형은 Lognormal-2, Lognormal-3, Gamma-2, Gamma-3, LogGamma-3, Gumbel-2, Weibull-2 분포이었으며, 모수추정은 모멘트법과 최우도법을 사용하였다. Kolmogorov - Sminorv 검정방법으로 지속기간별 연 최저치 계열에 적합한 확률분포형을 결정하고, 용담댐 지점을 대상으로 하여 지속기간별 갈수 빈도곡선을 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법을 적용하면 과거 저수 유량계열의 통계적 특성을 잘 나타내는 일 유량의 모의가 가능 하여, 갈수유량계열 자료가 빈곤한 유역에서 확률 갈수량을 추정하는데 유용하리라고 판단된다.