• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.379-389
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• 2008

This study was conducted to assess the microbiological quality of raw and cooked foods served in the elementary school food service. Raw and cooked food samples were collected from 11 selected elementary schools in both June to July and September to October of 2005. Petrifilm plates were used to determine (in duplicate) total aerobic colony counts (PAC), Enterobacteriaceae (PE), coliform counts (PCC), and E. coli counts (PEC). Heavy contamination of Enterobacteriaceae (from 0.08 to 7.40 log CFU/g) and total coliform (0.50 to 6.52 log CFU/g) were observed in raw materials and cooked foods. Escherichia coli (E. coli) were detected in the sample of currant tomato (3.70 log CFU/g), sesame leaf (3.59 log CFU/g), dropwort (0.20 log CFU/g), crown daisy (3.15 log CFU/g), parsley (3.00 log CFU/g), peeled green onion (1.74 log CFU/g), frozen pork (0.65 log CFU/g), frozen beef (0.20 or 1.50 log CFU/g), chicken (1.78 log CFU/g), and young radish leaf seasoned with soybean paste (1.24 log CFU/g). Multiplex PCR system was used to determine the food-borne pathogens: Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Shigella spp., B. cereus was detected in 19 samples of raw materials and 8 samples of cooked foods. With regard to quantitative analysis, B. cereus counts exceeded 5.46, 3.48 and 1.79 log CFU/g in sesame leaf, peeled green onion and seasoned mungbean jelly, respectively. E. coli O157:H7 was detected on 2 samples of frozen beefs, and its biochemical characteristics of one beef sample was confirmed with API 20E kit (93.7%). L. monocytogenes was detected in fried rice paper dumpling, but the presumptive colonies were not detected onto the conventional plate. C. jejuni was detected in peeled & washed onion.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2006

In this paper, we present the performance of iterative decoding with a Turbo decoder and a M-ary QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) demapper. The demappers are designed with Max-Log-MAP algorithm and it's approximated one. In addition, we provide implementing block for the approximated algorithm. From the results of computer simulations, the approximated algorithm of the Max-Log-MAP has little bit worse than the Max-Log-MAP but suggests low complexity for practical implementation.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.769-780
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• 2013

Motivated essentially by their potential for applications in a wide range of mathematical and physical problems, the log-sine and log-cosine integrals have been evaluated, in the existing literature on the subject, in many different ways. Very recently, Choi [6] presented explicit evaluations of some families of log-sine and log-cosine integrals by making use of the familiar Beta function. In the present sequel to the investigation [6], we evaluate the log-sine and log-cosine integrals involved in more complicated integrands than those in [6], by also using the Beta function.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.165-174
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• 2013

Log scaling which decides a quality grade of log is influence the price of log at the market. It is the one of important works at the field until now. So it remains using a ruler traditionally. This study evaluated the automating program through compared the automating program with using a ruler for log. The automating program used libraries of OpenCV concerning image processing algorithm to measure log diameter for scaling. In addition, it applies two panels of checkered pattern beside a pile of logs and tapes on the surface of a log diameter to find a correct value. We analyzed statistical mean difference of both log diameter and volume. In conclusion, the automating program after applying check panel and taping ins't different using a ruler. Therefore we need to considerate about applying it for improving Forest Administration.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Given an n-length text T over a $\sigma$-size alphabet, we present a compressed representation of T which supports retrieving queries of rank/select/access and updating queries of insert/delete. For a measure of compression, we use the empirical entropy H(T), which defines a lower bound nH(T) bits for any algorithm to compress T of n log $\sigma$ bits. Our representation takes this entropy bound of T, i.e., nH(T) $\leq$ n log $\sigma$ bits, and an additional bits less than the text size, i.e., o(n log $\sigma$) + O(n) bits. In compressed space of nH(T) + o(n log $\sigma$) + O(n) bits, our representation supports O(log n) time queries for a log n-size alphabet and its extension provides O(($1+\frac{{\log}\;{\sigma}}{{\log}\;{\log}\;n}$) log n) time queries for a $\sigma$-size alphabet.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.261-273
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• 1998

Multiple well log analysis technique consisting of geophysical well log and geological core log has been made to analysis the discontinuities of a test borehole-PABH1 located in Pungam sedimentary basin, Sosok, Hongchon-gun, Kangwon Province. Well log methods consist of normal resistivity log, focussed log, single point resistance log, SP log, gamma log, natural gamma log as well as acoustic televiewer log and borehole television log. Core scanning technique was used as an aid for geological core log. The analysis was made by comparing firstly the televiewer and core discontinuities, and then the results from conventional geophysical log analysis were compared to those from core log and acoustic televiewer log. Fractures deduced from the acoustic televiewer log coincide well with discontinuities shown on the core and conventional geophysical logs. Particularly close coincidence could be observed between fractures derived from acoustic televiewer and conventional geophysical log analysis. It has been noted that the geophysical logs such as, caliper, resistivity, density and high resolution gamma gamma curves are effective in delineating the fractures. For example the ratio between density and resistivity (BRD/SHN) provides also an alternative indicator for discerning the fracture condition in the study area.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.411-415
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• 1996

The new potentially heptadentate $N_7$ ligand 1, 15-bis(2-pyridyl)-2, 5, 8, 11, 14-pentaazapentadecane(pytetren) has been synthesized and characterized by EA, IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Its proton association constants (log $K{_H}^n$) and stability constants(log $K_{ML}$) for $Co^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Zn^{2+}$ ions were determined at 298.1K and ionic strength=0.100M($KNO_3$) by potentiometry: log $K{_H}^1=9.36$, log $K{_H}^2=9.12$, log $K{_H}^3=8.09$, log $K{_H}^4=6.62$, log $K{_H}^5=4.02$, log $K{_H}^6=2.54$: log $K_{ML}(CO^{2+})=22.67$, log $K_{ML}(Ni^{2+})=26.25$. log $K_{ML}(Cu^{2+})=28.46$, log $K_{ML}(Zn^{2+})=19.90$.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2022

This exploratory study aims to understand the potential of log data analysis and expand its utilization in user research methods. Transaction log data are records of electronic interactions that have occurred between users and web services, reflecting information-seeking behavior in the context of digital libraries where users interact with the service system during the search for information. Two ways were used to analyze South Korea's National Digital Science Library (NDSL) log data for three days, including 150,000 data: a log pattern analysis, and log context analysis using statistics. First, a pattern-based analysis examined the general paths of usage by logged and unlogged users. The correlation between paths was analyzed through a χ² analysis. The subsequent log context analysis assessed 30 identified users' data using basic statistics and visualized the individual user information-seeking behavior while accessing NDSL. The visualization shows included 30 diverse paths for 30 cases. Log analysis provided insight into general and individual user information-seeking behavior. The results of log analysis can enhance the understanding of user actions. Therefore, it can be utilized as the basic data to improve the design of services and systems in the digital library to meet users' needs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.487-496
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• 1996

Let f(z) be an entire function. Then the order $\rho(f)$ of f is defined by $$ \rho(f) = \overline{lim}_r\to\infty \frac{log r}{log^+ T(r,f)} = \overline{lim}_r\to\infty \frac{log r}{log^+ log^+ M(r,f)}, $$ where T(r,f) is the Nevanlinna characteristic of f (see [4]), $M(r,f) = max_{$\mid$z$\mid$=r} $\mid$f(z)$\mid$$ and $log^+ t = max(log t, 0)$.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-22
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• 1998

The phytomass and productivity of the evergreen needle pines(Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida) and of the deciduous broad- leaved oaks(Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabililis and Quercus mongolica) in the watershed forests of South Han River, central part of Korea was estimated by the allometry. The allometic relations between D$^2$H and dry weight of stem(Ws), branches(Wb) and leaves(Wl) of these forests were as follows: Pinus densiflora community : logWs=0.58482D$^2$H-0.42417 logWb=0.6234D$^2$H-1.2321 logWl=0.2247D$^2$H-0.09359 Pinus rigida community : logWs=0.9218D$^2$H-1.4692 logWb=1.0064D$^2$H-2.2278 logWl=0.6275D$^2$H-1.1715 Quercus acutissima community : logWs=0.96659D$^2$H-1.56975 logWb=0.86315D$^2$H-2.17944 logWl=0.79876D$^2$H-1.97137 Quercus variabilis community : logWs=0.4753D$^2$H＋0.20026 logWb=0.5725D$^2$H-0.92006 logW1=0.61649D$^2$H-1.4288 Quercus momgolica community : logWs=0.5526D$^2$H-0.1228 logWb=0.5188D$^2$H-0.9787 logWl=0.7754D$^2$H-2.6273 From the above formulae, the phytomass of Pinus densiflora was estimated to be much as 1,200,000 ton, Pinus rigida 610,000 ton, Quercus acutissima 289 ton, Quercus variabilis 2,800ton and Quercus mongolica 570,000 ton in the surveyed area, respectively. Accordingly, the phytomass of Pinus densiflora forest was occupied about 43.9 % in toto and was higher thanthose of other forests. The phytomass of watershed forests belonging to Degree 8 and Degree7 divided by degree of green naturality(DGN) was 74,000 ton and 2,000,000 ton, resfectively. Accordingly, the watershed forests in South Han River were mainly composed of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica forests belonging to Degree 7.