• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2012

New Zealand suffers from regular floods, these being the most common source of insurance claims for damage from natural hazard events in the country. This paper describes the origin and distribution of the largest floods in New Zealand, and describes the systems used to monitor and predict floods. In New Zealand, broad-scale heavy rainfall (and flooding), is the result of warm moist air flowing out from the tropics into the mid-latitudes. There is no monsoon in New Zealand. The terrain has a substantial influence on the distribution of rainfall, with the largest annual totals occurring near the South Island's Southern Alps, the highest mountains in the country. The orographic effect here is extreme, with 3km of elevation gained over a 20km distance from the coast. Across New Zealand, short duration high intensity rainfall from thunderstorms also causes flooding in urban areas and small catchments. Forecasts of severe weather are provided by the New Zealand MetService, a Government owned company. MetService uses global weather models and a number of limited-area weather models to provide warnings and data streams of predicted rainfall to local Councils. Flood monitoring, prediction and warning are carried out by 16 local Councils. All Councils collect their own rainfall and river flow data, and a variety of prediction methods are utilized. These range from experienced staff making intuitive decisions based on previous effects of heavy rain, to hydrological models linked to outputs from MetService weather prediction models. No operational hydrological models are linked to weather radar in New Zealand. Councils provide warnings to Civil Defence Emergency Management, and also directly to farmers and other occupiers of flood prone areas. Warnings are distributed by email, text message and automated voice systems. A nation-wide hydrological model is also operated by NIWA, a Government-owned research institute. It is linked to a single high resolution weather model which runs on a super computer. The NIWA model does not provide public forecasts. The rivers with the greatest flood flows are shown, and these are ranked in terms of peak specific discharge. It can be seen that of the largest floods occur on the West Coast of the South Island, and the greatest flows per unit area are also found in this location.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.527-544
• /
• 2018

The paper presents the study on a change in modal parameters and structural stiffness of cable-stayed Fiberline Bridge made entirely of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite used for 20 years in the fjord area of Kolding, Denmark. Due to this specific location the bridge structure was subjected to natural aging in harsh environmental conditions. The flexural properties of the pultruded GFRP profiles acquired from the analyzed footbridge in 1997 and 2012 were determined through three-point bending tests. It was found that the Young's modulus increased by approximately 9%. Moreover, the influence of the temperature on the storage and loss modulus of GFRP material acquired from the Fiberline Bridge was studied by the dynamic mechanical analysis. The good thermal stability in potential real temperatures was found. The natural vibration frequencies and mode shapes of the bridge for its original state were evaluated through the application of the Finite Element (FE) method. The initial FE model was created using the real geometrical and material data obtained from both the design data and flexural test results performed in 1997 for the intact composite GFRP material. Full scale experimental investigations of the free-decay response under human jumping for the experimental state were carried out applying accelerometers. Seven natural frequencies, corresponding mode shapes and damping ratios were identified. The numerical and experimental results were compared. Based on the difference in the fundamental natural frequency it was again confirmed that the structural stiffness of the bridge increased by about 9% after 20 years of service life. Data collected from this study were used to validate the assumed FE model. It can be concluded that the updated FE model accurately reproduces the dynamic behavior of the bridge and can be used as a proper baseline model for the long-term monitoring to evaluate the overall structural response under service loads. The obtained results provided a relevant data for the structural health monitoring of all-GFRP bridge.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2018

The tourism industry has a great influence on national economy activation. The development of IT technology has enabled the collection and analysis of personal profile information, location information and activity information based on the characteristics, behavior, purchase propensity and interest of tourists. In order to realize this, the implementation of convergence smart tourism information service platform is completed by developing business model, IoT & Big Data integration management system, big data algorithm development and analysis platform in three stages. The underlying technology of the platform and algorithm needs a process of adopting open source, expanding the service element on the basis of it, and then complementing the problem through the test-bed demonstration test that connects the area. Using this platform, it is possible to develop a smart tourism environment that can provide customized services for each tourist by analyzing various information in an integrated manner. Also, it will be possible to improve the life of tourist destination residents and contribute to regional revitalization and job creation through the creation of smart tourism ecosystem focused on the region.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.27-54
• /
• 2021

This study examines the overall contents of robots, drones, and autonomous driving that can be applied to libraries among autonomous objects, and proposes a plan that can be introduced and applied to libraries in the future based on this. As a result of the study, in the case of the building, robots and drones can be used to apply from collection inspection, collection transport, collection arrangement, collection classification, book location guidance, book recommendation, loan/return, library general guidance, and reference information service. Outside of the building, robots, drones, and autonomous vehicles can be used for book delivery service, book return service, and unmanned mobile libraries. This study is a basic research for the introduction and application of autonomous objects in the library, and follow-up studies such as perception survey and application model development for systematic introduction should be conducted in the future.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.867-874
• /
• 2018

This study aims to develop a sort of expert system to simulate Internet of Things (IoT) service in architectural design alternatives and enhance the simulation performance using building information. The proposed protype system, named iotBIM, visualizes human behaviors and IoT services in a virtual place that is automatically generated from among design alternatives. We use commercial building information modeling (BIM) authoring tool for the development of iotBIM. The decision to develop iotBIM on the BIM platform was made because BIM tools already generate precise 3D models of design alternatives; iotBIM is plugged into the BIM tool as a simulation module. In the midst of the design process, architectural designers can activate iotBIM to investigate and establish IoT services that accord visually with design alternatives. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical and technological basis for the ultimate goal of this study.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.271-281
• /
• 2006

Recently the need for Location-Based Service (LBS) has increased due to the development and widespread use of the mobile devices (e.g., PDAs, cellular phones, labtop computers, GPS, and RFID etc). The core technology of LBS is a moving-objects database that stores and manages the positions of moving objects. To search for information quickly, the database needs to contain an index that supports both real-time position tracking and management of large numbers of updates. As a result, the index requires a structure operating in the main memory for real-time processing and requires a technique to migrate part of the index from the main memory to disk storage (or from disk storage to the main memory) to manage large volumes of data. To satisfy these requirements, this paper suggests a unified index scheme unifying the main memory and the disk as well as migration policies for migrating part of the index from the memory to the disk during a restriction in memory space. Migration policy determines a group of nodes, called the migration subtree, and migrates the group as a unit to reduce disk I/O. This method takes advantage of bulk operations and dynamic clustering. The unified index is created by applying various migration policies. This paper measures and compares the performance of the migration policies using experimental evaluation.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.03a
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2002

최근 들어 무선인터넷 및 모바일 컴퓨팅 기술의 급속한 발전과 함께 향후 그 수요가 증대될 것으로 예상되는 분야가 위치기반 서비스(LBS: Location Based Service) 기술이다. 위치기반 서비스는 이동 통신을 통하여 사람 및 사물의 위치를 파악하고 이를 활용한 부가 응용 서비스로 국가 정보기술 인프라의 주요 영역을 점유하고 있는 GIS의 차세대 핵심 기술로 발전이 예상되는 분야이다[3][4]. 현재 3GPP나 3GPP2, OGC, LIF와 같은 여러 표준화 기구 및 산업체에서 위치기반 서비스와 이를 위한 시스템에 대한 연구가 진행중이며 위치기반 서비스를 위한 데이터 모델 표준화 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있는 상황이다. 위치기반 서비스를 위한 데이터 표준화 모델은 이미 구축된 공간 데이터베이스의 재사용과 위치기반 서비스들간의 상호 운용성을 지원할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 위치기반 서비스들 간의 상호 호환 및 통합을 가능하게 하고, 기존 공간데이터베이스와 연계하여 이 데이터를 위치기반 서비스에 활용하기 위한 공간 데이터 표준화 모델을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해 위치기반 서비스 표준화 사례를 조사하고, 위치기반 서비스를 위한 공간 데이터 모델을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서는 OpenLS의 위치기반 서비스를 기본서비스로 하고, OpenGIS의 공간 데이터 모델을 기반으로 네 가지 기본 위치 데이터 타입과 모델의 요구 사항을 포함하는 공간 데이터 표준모델을 개발하였다. 위치기반 공간 데이터 표준 모델은 위치기반 서비스와 데이터들과의 연계를 쉽게 하고, 위치기반 서비스들 간의 상호 운용성을 높이며, 기존 사용자 시스템의 수정 없이 인터페이스만을 추가함으로써 표준을 수용할 수 있다.\pm}153.2,\;116.1{\pm}94,\;29.4{\pm}30.3,\;45.1{\pm}44$로 Mel 10군과 Mel 30군이 유의적인 감소를 보였으나(p<0.05) 이들 두 군 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로, 랫트에서 복강수술 후 melatonin 10mg/kg투여가 복강 내 유착 방지에 효과적이라고 생각된다.-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로서 두 생태계에 축적되었다.여한 3,5,7군에서 PUFA 함량이 증가한 반면, SFA 함량은 감소하여 P/S 비율, n-3P/n-6P 비율은 증가하는 경향이었으며 이는 간장의 인지질, 콜레스테롤 에스테르, 총 지질의 지방산조성에서도 같은 경향을 볼 수 있었다.X>$(C_{18:2})$와 n-3계 linolenic acid$(C_{18:3})$가 대부분을 차지하였다. 야생 돌복숭아 과육 중의 지방산 조성은 포화지방산이 16.74%, 단불포화지방산 17.51% 및 다불포화지방산이 65.73%의 함유 비율을 보였는데, 이 중 다불포화지방산인 n-6계 linoleic acid$(C_{18:2})$와 n-3계 linolenic acid$(C_{18:3})$가 지질 구성 총 지방산의 대부분을 차지하는 함유 비율을 나타내었다.했다. 하강하는 약 4일간의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하므로, 반전거래전략을 활용하는 경우 주식투자기간은 24개월

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.12a
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2004

최근 들어 무선인터넷 및 모바일 컴퓨팅 기술의 급속한 발전과 함께 향후 그 수요가 증대될 것으로 예상되는 분야가 위치기반 서비스(LBS: Location Based Service) 기술이다. 위치기반 서비스는 이동 중인 사용자의 위치정보를 여러 가지 부가 서비스와 결합시켜 다양한 서비스를 제공하는 것으로 휴대 단말기와 무선 네트워크, 위치 측위 기술, 각종 응용 어플리케이션 등이 총체적으로 합쳐져 제공되는 서비스로 이동성, 개인성, 적시성 등을 사용자에게 제공해 주는 GIS의 차세대 핵심기술로 발전이 예상되는 분야이다[2][3]. 현재 미국, 유럽 등을 중심으로 3GPP/3GPP2, OMA, OGC, ISO, MAGIC 등의 국제 표준화 기구 및 단체에서 위치기반 서비스에 대한 표준화가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 국내에서도 그 중요성을 인지하고 LBS 표준화에 정보, 업체, 학계 및 연구기관의 LBS 관련 전문가들로 구성된 LBS 표준화 포럼을 중심으로 국내 LBS 기술 표준을 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 LBS 표준들을 기반으로 위치기반 서비스에서 가장 기본적이고 핵심이 되는 서비스를 제공하는 표준 참조 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 개발하고자 하는 표준 참조 시스템은 사용자의 위치를 추적하고 확인할 수 있는 위치추적 서비스와 주변 시설물 검색을 위한 디렉토리 서비스, 목적지까지의 경로를 안내하는 항법 서비스를 위한 기능 인터페이스 표준을 제공한다. 위치기반 서비스를 위한 표준 창조 시스템은 위치기반 응용 서비스의 기능 규격과 표준 인터페이스를 제공함으로써 위치기반 서비스 및 시스템 개발의 중복을 방지하고 상호 호환성을 확보 할 수 있다.문제에 적용이 가능한 창조 모델로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.}94,\;29.4{\pm}30.3,\;45.1{\pm}44$로 Mel 10군과 Mel 30군이 유의적인 감소를 보였으나(p<0.05) 이들 두 군 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로, 랫트에서 복강수술 후 melatonin 10mg/kg투여가 복강 내 유착 방지에 효과적이라고 생각된다.-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$로서 두 생태계에 축적되었다.여한 3,5,7군에서 PUFA 함량이 증가한 반면, SFA 함량은 감소하여 P/S 비율, n-3P/n-6P 비율은 증가하는 경향이었으며 이는 간장의 인지질, 콜레스테롤 에스테르, 총 지질의 지방산조성에서도 같은 경향을 볼 수 있었다.X>$(C_{18:2})$와 n-3계 linolenic acid$(C_{18:3})$가 대부분을 차지하였다. 야생 돌복숭아 과육 중의 지방산 조성은 포화지방산이 16.74%, 단불포화지방산 17.51% 및 다불포화지방산이 65.73%의 함유 비율을 보였는데, 이 중 다불포화지방산인 n-6계 linoleic acid$(C_{18:2})$와 n-3계 linolenic acid$(C_{18:3})$가 지질 구성 총 지방산의 대부분을 차지하는 함유 비율을 나타내었다.했다. 하강하는 약 4일간의 기상변화가 자발성 기흉 발생에 영향을 미친다고 추론할 수 있었다. 향후 본 연구에서 추론된 기상변화와 기흉 발생과의 인과관계를 확인하고 좀 더 구체화하기 위한 연구가 필요할 것이다.게 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.는 초과수익률이 상승하지만, 이후로는 감소하

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.425-430
• /
• 2003

The satellite navigation system is widely used for identifying a user's position regardless of weather or geographic conditions and also make effect on new technology of marine LBS(Location Based Service). which has the technology of geographic information such as the ENC. Generally, there are conceivable systems of marine LBS such as ECDIS, or ECS that use the ENC itself with powerful processor in installed type on ships bridge. Since the ENC is relatively heavy structure with dummy format for data transfer between different systems, we should reduce the ENC to small and compact size in order to use it in mobile platform. In this paper, we assumed that the mobile system like PDA, or Webpad can be used for small navigation or information system in marine field. We considered the reduction of the ENC size to make them fit well to small capability of mobile platform. However, the ENC should be updated periodically by update profile data produced by HO. If we would reduce the ENC without a consideration of update, we could not get newly updated data furthermore. As summary, we studied considerations for ENC reduction with update capability. It will make the ENC be useful in many low performance platforms for various applications.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2019

It is possible to provide Smart Tourism Service through the development of information technology. It is necessary for the tourism industry to understand and utilize Big Data that has tourists' consumption patterns and service usage patterns in order to continuously create a new business model by converging with other industries. This study suggests to activate Jeju Smart Tourism by analyzing Big Data based on credit card usage records and location of tourists in Jeju. The results of the study show that First, the percentage of Chinese tourists visiting Jeju has decreased because of the effect of THAAD. Second, Consumption pattern of Chinese tourists is mostly occurring in the northern areas where airports and duty-free shops are located, while one in other regions is very low. The regional economy of Jeju City and Seogwipo City shows a overall stagnation, without changes in policy, existing consumption trends and growth rates will continue in line with regional characteristics. Third, we need a policy that young people flow into by building Jeju Multi-complex Mall where they can eat, drink, and go shopping at once because the number of young tourists and the price they spend are increasing. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide services for life-support related to weather, shopping, traffic, and facilities etc. through analyzing Wi-Fi usage location. Based on the results, we suggests the marketing strategies and public policies for understanding Jeju tourists' patterns and stimulating Jeju tourism industry.