• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.709-720
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• 2009

Field observation and numerical experiments were conducted to understand the impact of water retention pavement on the surface heat budget and on the regional circulation. The numerical model applied in this study is the atmospheric dynamic model Local Circulation Model (LCM) with two dimensional grid system, and a field observation was carried out under the clear sky and calm conditions of the weather on 19 July 2007. In the field observation, the maximum value of surface temperature on pavement covered with water retention material reached the $41.2^{\circ}C$ at 1430 LST and the values was lower for $16.1^{\circ}C$ than that of asphalt without the material. The Case BET03 assumed to be 0.3 for the surface evaporation efficiency was in good agreement with the observation and its sensible and latent heat fluxes were numerically estimated to be 229 and 227 $W/m^2$, respectively. Results of the numerical experiments demonstrated that the water retention pavement tends to induce the increase of latent heat flux associated with the lower surface temperature and mixing height during the daytime. Discontinuity of latent heat caused by the water retention pavement also tends to promote the development of mesoscale circulation called as land-land breeze or country breeze.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.227-228
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• 2008

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.897-905
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• 2002

A three-dimensional photochemical air pollution model considered advection, dispersion, photochemical reactions, and precipitation processes was developed. The calculated results of meteorological observation clearly exhibited geographical effects of Gwangyang Bay, in which land and sea breezes, mount-valley winds and local circular winds occurred. The observed results of daytime NOx concentrations were slightly higher than the calculated NOx concentrations in Yosu industrial complex, Gwangyang iron mill, and container yard. Eventually, the calculated NOx results generally agreed well with the observed ones.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.495-506
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• 1995

We present formula for detecting influential observations on the smoothing parameter in smoothing spline. Further, we express them as functions of basic building blocks such as residuals and leverage, and compare it with the local influence approach by Thomas (1991). An example based on a real data set is given.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.919-928
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• 2006

The present study applied an atmospheric flow field model in Gwangyang-Bay which can predict local sea/land breezes formed in a complex terrain lot the development of a model that can predict short term concentration of air pollution. Estimated values from the conduct of the atmospheric flow field were used to evaluate and compare with observation data of the meteorological stations in Yeosu and the Yeosu airport, and the effect of micrometeorology of surround region by the coastal area reclamation was predicted by using the estimated values, Simulation results, a nighttime is appeared plainly land breezes of the Gwangyang-bay direction according to a mountain wind that formed in the Mt. of Baekwooun, Mt. of Youngchui. Land winds is formed clockwise circulation in the north, clockwise reverse direction in the south with Gangyang-bay as the center. Compared with model and observation value, Temperature is tend to appeared some highly simulation value in the night, observation value in the daytime in two sites all, but it is veil accorded generally, the pattern of one period can know very the similarity. And also, wind speed and wind direction is some appeared the error of observation value and calculation results in crossing time of the land wind and sea land, it can see that reproducibility is generally good, is very appeared the change land wind in the nighttime, the change of sea wind in the daytime. And also, according to change of the utilization coefficient of soil before and after development with Gwangyang-Bay area as the center. Temperature after development was high $0.55\sim0.67^{\circ}C$ in the 14 hoots, also was tend to appear lowly $0.10\sim0.22^{\circ}C$ in the 02 hours, the change of u, v component is comparatively tend to reduced sea wind and land wind, it is affected ascending air current and frictional power of the earth surface according to inequality heating of the generation of earth surface.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.19-45
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse the effects of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV-pure melittin, the major component of honey bee venom) on the central nervous system in rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical studies authorized institution, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Male rats of 5 weeks old were chosen for this study and after confirming condition of rats was stable, Sweet BV was administered in thigh muscle of rats. And checked the effects of Sweet BV on the central nervous system using the functional observational battery (FOB), which is a neuro-toxicity screening assay composed of 30 descriptive, scalar, binary, and continuous endpoints. And home cage observations, home cage removal and handling, open field activity, sensorimotor reflex test/physiological measurements were conducted. Results: 1. In the home cage observation, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 2. In the observation of open field activity, the reduction of number of unit areas crossed and rearing count was observed caused by Sweet BV treatment. 3. In the observation of handling reactivity, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 4. In the observation of sensorimotor reflex tests/physiological measurements, there was not observed any neurotoxic signs in rats. 5. In the measurement of rectal temperature, treatment of Sweet BV did not showed great influences in the body temperature of rats. Conclusions: Above findings suggest that Sweet BV is relatively safe treatment in the central nervous system. But in the using of over dose, Sweet BV may the cause of local pain and disturbance of movement. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 2019

In this paper, we present a novel local descriptor, Local Prominent Directional Pattern (LPDP), to represent the description of facial images for gender recognition purpose. To achieve a clearly discriminative representation of local shape, presented method encodes a target pixel with the prominent directional variations in local structure from an analysis of statistics encompassed in the histogram of such directional variations. Use of the statistical information comes from the observation that a local neighboring region, having an edge going through it, demonstrate similar gradient directions, and hence, the prominent accumulations, accumulated from such gradient directions provide a solid base to represent the shape of that local structure. Unlike the sole use of gradient direction of a target pixel in existing methods, our coding scheme selects prominent edge directions accumulated from more samples (e.g., surrounding neighboring pixels), which, in turn, minimizes the effect of noise by suppressing the noisy accumulations of single or fewer samples. In this way, the presented encoding strategy provides the more discriminative shape of local structures while ensuring robustness to subtle changes such as local noise. We conduct extensive experiments on gender recognition datasets containing a wide range of challenges such as illumination, expression, age, and pose variations as well as sketch images, and observe the better performance of LPDP descriptor against existing local descriptors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.689-707
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• 2018

This study reviewed the differences among Onggis made in Jeju and other areas, developed creative textile designs and cultural products, and conducted the consumer evaluation of developed products. First, the 1,063 photos of Onggis made before the first part of the 20th century were collected and the unique differences of Jeju Onggis were confirmed through the observation of collected photos. Second, based on the uniqueness of Jeju Onggis, the eight pieces of Jeju Onggis were selected from the photos and used as pattern design motifs. Nine basic patterns were drawn and ten textile designs were created using the basic patterns. Third, the 16 pieces of textile products were made with cotton fabrics on which the textile designs were printed. Four mugs and four tumblers with printed patterns were also made. Finally, 64 students evaluated the developed products using a 7-point scale. As a result, folksy atmosphere, uniqueness, usage as a Jeju souvenir and at local restaurants, and the role of fostering concern for Jeju Onggi were highly evaluated but aesthetics was rated relatively low. Most of the developed products were highly preferred and recommended as Jeju souvenirs or for local restaurants.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.378-380
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• 2005

Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosol using MODIS satellite data has been proven to be very useful in global/regional scale aerosol monitoring. Due to their large spatial resolution of $10km^2$ MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data have limitations for local/urban scale aerosol monitoring applications. Modified Bremen Aerosol Retrieval (BAER) algorithm developed by von Hoyningen-Huene et al. (2003) and Lee et al. (2005) has been applied in this study to retrieve AOT in fe resolutions of $500m^2$ over Korea. Look up tables (LUTs) were constructed from the aerosol properties based on sun-photometer observation and radiation transfer model calculations. It was found that relative error between the satellite products and the ground observations was within about $15\%$. Resulting AOT products were correlated with surface PMIO concentration data. There was good correlation between MODIS AOT and surface PM concentration under certain atmospheric conditions, which supports the feasibility of using the high-resolution MODIS AOT for local and urban scale air quality monitoring

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2005

Many blasting engineers develope their own approach to define how to blast different rockmass properties. The problem is that most of these approaches haven't been formalized in any systematic manner and they depend mainly on casual observation of local conditions by an experienced blaster. In this paper blastability index developed by Lilly is adopted to induce powder factor for blast design considering local conditions. With this approach blastability scheme can be considered joint properties as well as rockmass represented local conditions. This approach is also expected to supplement the shortcomings of existing blast design approaches.