• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the cases of social integration in immigrants in the Netherlands and to clarify the implications for Korea. The Netherlands is a country that implements social integration policies targeting foreign immigrants. We are preemptively implementing social integration policies for foreigners ahead of us. In this study, first of all, the literature on social integration for the immigrants in the Netherlands and the consultation on the experts were sought and the implications for the Dutch government 's social integration policy were sought. In addition, policy implications were derived based on the results of Dutch case analysis. First, the social integration program of the Dutch government mandated social integration programs for migrants, and the costs were also monetized, encouraging social integration. Also, when participation in the social integration program is passive, it imposes sanctions on migrants and emphasizes the responsibility of individual migrants. In addition, the Ministry of Internal Affairs is the control tower of the government's promotion system, and it has a platform for the unity of social integration programs in local governments. Based on the results of this analysis, the implications for the social integration policy of Korea were suggested.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

In this paper, a low-power direct-conversion transmitter based on current-mode operation, which satisfies the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, is proposed and implemented in a $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The proposed transmitter consists of DACs, LPFs, variable gain I/Q up-conversion mixer, a divide-by-two circuit with LO buffer, and a drive amplifier. By combining DAC, LPF, and variable gain I/Q up-conversion mixer with a simple current mirror configuration, the transmitter's power consumption is reduced and its linearity is improved. The drive amplifier is a cascode amplifier with gain controls and the 2.4GHz I/Q differential LO signals are generated by a divide-by-two current-mode-logic (CML) circuit with an external 4.8GHz input signal. The implemented transmitter has 30dB of gain control range, 0dBm of maximum transmit output power, 33dBc of local oscillator leakage, and 40dBc of the transmit third harmonic component. The transmitter dissipates 10.2mW from a 1.2V supply and the die area of the transmitter is $1.76mm{\times}1.26mm$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

The noise generated in the process of obtaining the medical image acts as the element obstructing the image interpretation and diagnosis. To restore the true image from the image polluted from the noise, the total variation optimization algorithm was proposed by the R.O. F (L.Rudin, S Osher, E. Fatemi). This method removes the noise by fitting the balance of the regularity and fidelity. However, the blurring phenomenon of the border area generated in the process of performing the iterative operation cannot be avoided. In this paper, we propose the adaptive total variation method by mapping the control parameter to the proposed transfer function for minimizing boundary error. The proposed transfer function is determined by the noise variance and the local property of the image. The proposed method was applied to 464 tooth images. To evaluate proposed method performance, PSNR which is a indicator of signal and noise's signal power ratio was used. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than other methods.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-61
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• 2000

This study investigate the spatial characteristics and corporate networks of foreign business service firms in Korea. Specifically intrafirm and extrafirm organization of foreign firms are addressed utilizing the corporate network perspective. For this purpose, this study conducted questionnaire and interview surveys for the foreign firms. Parent-subsidiary relationships are focused on the mechanisms by which Transnational Corporations (TNCs) headquarters control and coordinate their foreign affiliates and subsidiaries in order to achieve investment purpose in Korea (overseas market expansion). But extrafirm networks of foreign business services firms in Korea do not appear to play an important role in regional development to date. A low proportion of foreign firms is engaged in academics-industry linkages, and a low number o( foreign firms is formally linked with government organizations, research institutes, and trade associations. To conclude, Foreign direct investment firms in business services in Korea are characteristics by globalized intrafirm networks and localized interfirm and extrafirm networks. It is understood that regional development can be vitalized when Korean local firms have close relationships with technologically advanced foreign firms in tacit knowledge capacity. Foreign firms are able to play an important role in the development of business services in Korea. This study suggests that regional foreign direct investment policy should be targeted towards the corporate networking with foreign firms and domestic firms and incrementation of the potential of foreign firms as a knowledge-intensive industry.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of clinical image quality of panoramic radiographs and to analyze the parameters that influence the overall image quality. Materials and Methods: Korean dental clinics were asked to provide three randomly selected panoramic radiographs. An oral and maxillofacial radiology specialist evaluated those images using our self-developed Clinical Image Quality Evaluation Chart. Three evaluators classified the overall image quality of the panoramic radiographs and evaluated the causes of imaging errors. Results: A total of 297 panoramic radiographs were collected from 99 dental hospitals and clinics. The mean of the scores according to the Clinical Image Quality Evaluation Chart was 79.9. In the classification of the overall image quality, 17 images were deemed 'optimal for obtaining diagnostic information,' 153 were 'adequate for diagnosis,' 109 were 'poor but diagnosable,' and nine were 'unrecognizable and too poor for diagnosis'. The results of the analysis of the causes of the errors in all the images are as follows: 139 errors in the positioning, 135 in the processing, 50 from the radiographic unit, and 13 due to anatomic abnormality. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs taken at local dental clinics generally have a normal or higher-level image quality. Principal factors affecting image quality were positioning of the patient and image density, sharpness, and contrast. Therefore, when images are taken, the patient position should be adjusted with great care. Also, standardizing objective criteria of image density, sharpness, and contrast is required to evaluate image quality effectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2008

Purpose: Recombining bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is usually acquiredfrom high level animals. Though this method is effective, its high cost limits its use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 with protein transduction domain (BMP-2/PTD;TATBMP-2) on bone regeneration. Rat calvarial defect model and osteoblastic differentiation model using MC3T3 cell were used for the purpose of the study. Materials and Methods: MC3T3 cells were cultured until they reached a confluence stage. The cells were treated with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 500 ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD for 21 days and at the end of the treatment, osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated usingvon Kossa staining. An 8mm, calvarial, critical-size osteotomy defect was created in each of 48 male Spraque-Dawley rats (weight $250{\sim}300\;g$). Three groups of 16 animals each received either BMP-2/PTD (0.05mg/ml) in a collagen carrier, collagen only, or negative surgical control. And each group was divided into 2 and 8 weeks healing intervals. The groups were evaluated by histologic analysis(8 animals/group/healing intervals) Result: In osteoblastic differentiation evaluation test, a stimulatory effect of BMP-2/PTD was observed in 10ng/ml of BMP-2/PTD with no observation of dose-dependent manner. The BMP-2/PTD group showed enhanced local bone formation in the rat calvarial defect at 2 weeks. New bone was observed at the defect margin and central area of the defect. However, new bone formation was observed only in 50% of animals used for 2weeks. In addition, there was no new bone formation observed at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that BMP-2/PTD(TATBMP-2) have an positive effect on the bone formation in vitro and in vivo. However, further study should be conducted for the reproducibility of the outcomes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

When routine behavior control is impossible, midazolam is often used for sedation, because it has wide margin of safety, relatively few side-effects and multiple route of administration. Although intramuscular administration of all administration route is frequently used, it is a major source of anxiety, discomfort, and trauma in children. To the contrary, oral administration of midazolam is easily administered and accepted by children. But, it's therapeutic drug concentration has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare sedation effect and physiologic parameter of oral midazolam which palliate demerits of intramuscular administration in sedating young pediatric patients with intramuscular midazolam Twelve negative children, mean age 62.5 months, who needed at least two separate restorative visits, requiring local anesthesia participated in this study On every visit, one of the following 2 different sedative regimen was given : (1) 0.30mg/kg midazolam by intramuscular administration (2) 0.75mg/kg by oral administration. Physiologic parameter(oxygen saturation, heart rate) was recorded by ten procedure and behavior was videotaped and rated using Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale and Automated Counting System by one investigator, blind to administration route The analyzed sedative effect of oral midazolam resulted in good sedative effect, comparing to intramuscular route, And there is no statistically difference between oral and intramuscular administration of midazolam (p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 2001

This report surveyed degradation of forest environment and rehabilitation in Ashio of Japan. Since 1880, a large scale forestry in this area has been destroyed by sooty smoke, and the local government invested heavily to rehabilitate the damaged forestry and denuded mountains. These degradations are due to complex operations, such as sulfurous acid gas from copper refinery, forest fires, steep slope and disadvantageous climate. The rehabilitation works on degraded forestry(2,399ha) were undertaken by tree planting fur three years from 1897. However, forest degradation and disasters were continued, and the total damaged areas were about 2,400~3,000ha in 1956. A Manual labor method, a Helicopter method and also Combination of manual labor and helicopter method had been adopted to rehabilitation works from 1945 to 1996, while 828.19ha of the degraded mountains was rehabilitated. Total investment for those projects was 80 billion yen. A debris control dam, a soil arresting structure, a vegetation-block, a vegetation sack measures and tree planting have implemented significantly fur the method of rehabilitation. An objective of manual labor works is a complete rehabilitation on each place through 3 stage working. The revived green areas accounted fur 49% of the total, and the entire afforest areas are less than 10%. In coming 25 years, an amount of 21.3 billion yen will be invested to rehabilitate 564ha of degraded mountain lands. However, it is impossible to estimate that how long it will take until the whole degraded mountain lands are completely rehabilitated. Rehabilitation works in Ashio may be applicable to environmental restoration and revegetation in the abandoned coal-mine lands of Korea.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.7 no.2 s.13
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• pp.288-298
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• 2003

We consider a window-controlled selective-repeat ARQ scheme for error control between two adjacent nodes lying on a communication path. In this scheme, each packet to be transmitted is endowed with a serial number in a cyclic and sequential fashion. In turn, the transmitting node is not allowed to transmit a packet belonging to a window before every packet in the previous window is positively acknowledged. Such postponement of packet transmission incurs a degradation in throughput and delay performance. In this paper, aiming at improving packet delay performance, we employs a supplement scheme in which a serial number is duplicated within a frame. Classifying duplication rules into fixed, random and adaptive categories, we present candidate rules in each category and evaluate the packet delay performance induced by each duplication rule. From numerical examples, we observe that duplicating serial numbers, especially ADR-T2 effectively reduces mean packet delay for the forward channel characterized by a low packet error rate. We also reveal that such delay enhancement is achieved by a high probability of hitting local optimal window size.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.22
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• pp.77-106
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• 2003

As globalization of communication is going on and as the media have become increasingly central to the world economy, media policy matters have become the province of world economic organizations like the IMF and the WTO. The WTO service negotiation is focused primarily on the discriminatory and quantitative barriers associated with the trade of audiovisual services. Domestic measures such as subsidization, content regulation including quotas, and licensing requirements and restrictions on foreign ownership and control are at issues here. These measures have been successfully implemented by countries wishing to withstand competition from the American audiovisual industry. The debate about trade in audiovisual services is permeated by the unstated assumption that these programs are pure commodities whose production, distribution, exhibition and in turn, values are solely determined by the market forces. It is therefore presumed that liberalization of trade in audiovisual services will benefit all, serving cultural pluralism and diversity as well as economic efficiency. However, this assumption is not shared by developing countries, the recipients of U.S. television material. They argue audiovisual sector requires a social and cultural approach, since it plays a key role in the preservation of people's identity and social bonds. They claim that it is the each state's right to define its media policy and to implement it through the means it considers fit. These clashing views over the nature of the audiovisual material and the ways in which protect cultural pluralism and diversity do not confine to be the realm of theoretical debate. Each state's interest and motivation to protect its local industry and to have a competitive advantage in the international market is working in this battle. Consolidation with the countries like Australia, Canada, and EU nations, in favour of cultural exemption, seems to be the best policy for us. However, we are not entirely free from the WTO pressures, considering relation to the U. S. This study analyzes Korean Broadcasting Law compared with those of other OECD countries and tries to propose some strategical guidelines facing WTO service negotiation in the area of broadcasting.