• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.428-436
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• 2002

Providing a mobile host with its required QoS is highly influenced by its mobility. The resource ReSerVation Protocol(RSVP) establishes and maintains a reservation state to ensure a given QoS level along the path from the sender to the receiver. However, RSVP is designed for use in fixed networks and thus it is inadequate in the mobile networking environment where a host changes its point of attachment. In this paper, we propose a new resource reservation protocol, RSVP-RA(RSVP by RSVP Agent) for mobile hosts. Our protocol assumes IETF Mobile IP as a mobility support mechanism. The proposed protocol introduce a new protocol entity - RSVP agent - to manage reservations in a mobile host's current visiting network. RSVP Agent is located in a local network and makes resource reservations in neighboring cells that the mobile host is expected to visit in the future. Thus, the proposed Protocol can provide a seamless QoS to the mobile host and significantly improve the scalability problem of RSVP by reducing the end-to-end signalling messages acrossing the backbone networks. The proposed protocols reduce packet delay, bandwidth overhead and the number of RSVP messages to maintain reservation states. We compared the performance of our proposed protocol with other proposed protocols in terms of signalling overhead, packet delay by simulation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2019

The rural areas in South Korea have changed rapidly in the process of national land development. Rural landscapes have become discoloured, and their attractiveness has decreased as cities have expanded. But the attractiveness or multifunctional values of rural areas has become more important in contemporary society around the world. According to this social demand, the efforts of conserving the rural landscape are of high priority and the recovery of ruralism in the area is required. This study has tried to understand how the public image of ruralism in South Korea has been influenced by the news media. The study retrieved news articles using the web searching portal site from the six keywords, commonly used to refer to ruralism, including 'rural landscape', 'rural community', 'rural tourism', 'rural life', 'rural amenity', and 'rural environment'. News data from the six keywords were also collected respectively from within the year-period of 2004-05, 2007-08, 2012-13, and 2016-17. In the text mining analysis, the nouns with high Degree Centrality were figured out, and the changes by year-period were identified. Then, LDA topic analysis was performed for text datasets of six keywords. As a result, the study found that the news articles gave an informed focus on only a handful of issues such as 'poor rural living condition', 'regional or village improvement projects', 'rural tourism promotion projects', and 'other government support projects'. On the other hand, nouns related to virtues and values in the rural landscape were less shown in news articles. These results have become more apparent in recent years. In the topic analysis, 35 topics were identified. 'village development projects', 'rural tourism', and 'urban-rural exchange projects' were appeared repeatedly in several keywords. Among the topics, there are also topics closely related to ruralism such as 'rural landscape conservation', 'eco-friendly rural areas', 'local amenity resources', 'public interest values of agriculture', and 'rural life and communities'. The study presented an image map showing ruralism in South Korea using a network map between all topics and keywords. At the end of the study, implications for Korean rural area policy and research directions were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2016

A disaster can be defined in many ways based on perspectives, in addition, its types are able to classify differently by various standards. Considering the different perspectives, the disaster can be occurred by natural phenomenon that is like typhoon, earthquake, flood, and drought, and by the accident that is like collapse of facilities, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution, etc. Into the modern society, moreover, the disaster includes the damages by diffusion of epidemic and infectious disease in domestic animals. The disaster was defined by natural and man-made hazards in the past. As societies grew with changes of paradigm, social factors have been included in the concept of the disaster according to new types unexpected by new disease and scientific technology. Change the concept of social disasters, Ministry of Public Safety and Security (MPSS) has provided the regional safety index, which measures the safety level of a local government. However, this regional safety index has some limitation to use because this index provides the information for city unit which is a unit of administrative districts of urban. Since these administrative districts units are on a different level with urban and rural areas, the regional safety index provided by MPSS is not be able to direct apply to the rural areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the regional safety index targeting rural areas. To estimate the safety index, we was used for 3 indicators of the MPSS, a fire, a crime, and an infectious disease which are evaluable the regional safety index using an accessibility analysis. For determining the regional safety index using accessibility from community centers to public facilities, the safety index of fire, crime, and infectious disease used access time to fire station, police office, and medical facility, respectively. An integrated Cheongju, targeting areas in this study, is mixed region with urban and rural areas. The results of regional safety index about urban and rural areas, the safety index in rural area is relatively higher than in the urban. Neverthless the investment would be needed to improve the safety in the rural areas.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.26-36
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• 2005

Objectives: Maier symptoms of allergic rhinitis are nasal obstructions, sneezing and watery rhinorrhea. When exposed to certain allergens, the IgE covered mast cells degranulate and release inflammatory mediators and cytokines which result in a local inflammatory reaction. In many recent studies, molecular biological methods have been used to investigate the role of cytokines in pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets of allergic rhinitis. This experimental study was done to reveal the effects of the Bojungikgi-tang on the allergic rhinitis. We have studied effect of mice on OVA-induced production of IL-4, IL-5, $INF-{\gamma}$ by murine splenocytes and effect of OVA-induced Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE Meterial and Metheds: 21 BALB/c rats were divided into three groups: normal group, control group, experimental group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and experimental group, rats were sentitized intraperitioneally with 0.1% ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 weeks. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1% ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days for a week. After that time, rats in experimental group were oral administration treated by the Bojuogikgi-tang fer 28 days. We observed changes of IL-4, IL-5, $INF-{\gamma}$, Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE. We used independent-test statistically. Results: 1. In IL-4 study, Bojungikgi-tang treated group didn't show significant differences. 2. In IL-5 study, Bojungikgi-tang treated group shows significant differences. 3. In $INF-{\gamma}$ study, Bojungikgi-tang treated group shows significant differences. 4. In Total IgE, Bojungikgi-tang treated group shows significant differences. 5. In OVA-specific IgE, Bojungikgi-tang treated group didn't show significant differences. According to this result, Bojungikgi-tang was concluded to be effective on lowering the total IgE. Through this. Bojungikgi tang seems to reduce the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. More studies are required to know exact mechanism of Bojungikgi tang to show the anti allergenic effect.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.851-861
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• 2016

Recently, natural disasters, which are hard to predict and prevent, are rapidly increasing due to climate change worldwide. Particularly the damage scale of urban areas is increasing because of local torrential rainfall. In urban areas, the rain water cannot flow to pipes well due to the high percentage of impervious areas by the indiscriminate development. As a result, the inundation damage is getting higher in urban areas. So we need to characterize the interception of the grate inlets to ensure good drainage in impervious areas. But Korean installation criteria of grate inlets does not reflect road and drainage sector characteristics so the grate inlets do not function properly in many areas. In this study, we suggest the interception capacity equations about grate inlets through hydraulic experiments in various conditions. Therefore, the interception capacity changes are analyzed according to bearing bar slopes of grate inlets, grate inlet sizes and shapes and connecting pipe numbers. Though this, we developed the interception capacity equations about domestic grate inlets.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.529-538
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• 2011

Recently, one of the critical issues in Korea is the huge debt and future role of Korea Land and Housing Corporation. In this regards, the purpose of this study is to get implications from other public housing agencies in Asian countries such as UR of Japan, HDB of Singapore and HA of Hongkong. The changes of housing policy since 1960s, business and financial structure of housing agencies in each nation are investigated and compared. As a result, some policy directions can be proposed as follows : review of current mass housing program, relaxing qualifications for public rental housing, promotion of urban renewal projects, reinforcing cooperation with private sector and local governments, more government's support to LH's financing and loss from businesses for public interests and re-evaluation of LH's debt. The contribution of this study is that suggestions to improve housing policy and to alleviate financial problem of LH are based on the actual conditions of public housing agencies in Asian countries where the housing policy implementation system is similar to Korea, not on the theoretical basis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2844-2858
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• 2014

The society experiencing the industrialization and urbanization has got over the socio-demographic change. these changes make the number of the population around the world, and this phenomenon is flowing into the whole country. Korea has became a Aging Society since 2000 and will be turned into the aged society by the 2018. therefore, the importance of preparing elderly living life such as silver town is getting emphasized. the purpose of this study is aimed at analyzing the decision elements of the preliminary demanders' intention who selecting Elderly Housing. Based on this study, it was broken down by the type much more. Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors affecting the Elderly housing choices were subdivided. Through this process, improvement and the implications of this study was derived. this study deducts 3 kinds of implications. First, the preference for the development of elderly housing are different with each type of characteristics. Second, the indicators along with the individual characteristics account for the most part of the surface. so the specific investigation for the demand must be required to check the indicators. Third, when it comes to development of urban elderly housing, it requires to have a part of a local government plans securing the land. Fourth, when it comes to development of suburb elderly housing, it is required to arrange the living environment around the suburbs to let user classes living in Gyeonggi-do flow into elderly housing and live their new-life in the suburbs. Finally, when it comes to development of rural elderly housing, a variety of production, leisure and other programs should be made and put into there.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2012

The development of wireless communication systems has resulted in the availability of several access technologies at any geographic area, such as 3G networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless broadband networks. The development of these technologies is provided for users who have experienced mobile network environments which are slow or fast-movement environment and change distance between the AP(Access Point). This paper describes network performance issues in various environmental changes. Also, Fuzzy logic is applied to evaluate the performance in vehicle networks around users' environmental factors to focusing on the minimizing of transfer time and costs. First, WLAN and 3G networks fixed distance between AP, Second, WLAN and 3G networks random distance between APs, finally above two environmental with vehicle Ad hoc networks is analyzed. These V2I and V2V environmental condition are assumed. Results which based on Fuzzy logic suggest an optimal performance in vehicle network environments according to vehicle speed and distance between APs. Proposed algorithm shows 21% and 13% improvement of networks performance in V2I and V2V environment.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.105-124
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• 2017

This study aimed at developing an educational program for South Korean adolescents on North Korean family living culture so that the students become familiar with the values and everyday lifestyles of North Korea. Understanding of North Korean culture is considered important as a foundation for social integration in prospect of future reunification. The contents of the program were developed based on the analysis of North Korean defectors' interviews and review of the literature and media reports on North Korean family culture. The program consists of 12 units of 40-minute sessions with the following topics: economy and consumption, leisure activities, family relationships, dating and spouse choices, fashion changes, clothing acquisition and care, food choices and local diets, dietary problems, housing, and neighborhood. The program was implemented between December 21 and 30, 2015 in a middle school located in Seoul. This program is expected to be useful in preparing the students as future leaders to create harmonious family living culture in the reunified Korea.

• Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.698-715
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• 2018

Purpose: Hrd1 has recently emerged as a critical regulator of B-cells in autoimmune diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to examine Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation and their possible roles in CRSwNP. Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were used to assess gene and protein expression in nasal tissue extracts. Cells isolated from nasal tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Local antibody production was measured in tissue extracts with a Bio-Plex assay. Additionally, changes in Hrd1 expression in response to specific inflammatory stimuli were measured in cultured dispersed polyp cells. Results: Nasal polyps (NPs) from patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRS) had increased levels of Hrd1, B-cells and plasma cells compared with NPs from patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRS) or other control subjects (P < 0.05). The average Hrd1 levels in B-cells in NPs from ECRS patients were significantly higher than those from non-ECRS patients and control subjects (P < 0.05). NPs also contained significantly increased levels of several antibody isotypes compared with normal controls (P < 0.05). Interestingly, Hrd1 expression in cultured polyp cells from ECRS patients, but not non-ECRS patients, was significantly increased by interleukin-$1{\beta}$, lipopolysaccharide and Poly(I:C) stimulation, and inhibited by dexamethasone treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Differential Hrd1 expression and B-cell accumulation between the ECRS and non-ECRS subsets suggests that they can exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms and play important roles in NP.