• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2021

최근 지진 빈도 증가로 구조물 건전도 모니터링 (SHM: Structural Health Monitoring, 이하 SHM) 시스템에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. Smart concrete는 전기-역학적 거동을 바탕으로 구조물 상태를 분석할 수 있는 기술이다. 하지만 콘크리트 구조물은 지진 시 정적 변형률 또는 하중 속도 보다 10배 이상 빠른 하중 속도가 작용하나 기존 연구 대부분은 정적 하중 속도에서의 감지 능력을 주로 조사하고 있다. 본 연구는 지진과 같이 높은 하중 속도에서 자가 응력감지 능력을 평가하기 위해 만능재료시험기 (UTM: Universal Testing Machine, 이하 UTM)를 사용하여 3가지 하중 재하 속도 (1, 4, 8 mm/min) 하에서 Smart Ultra High Performance Concrete (S-UHPC)의 전기-역학적 거동을 측정하였다. S-UHPC의 최대 압축 하중에서 Stress sensitive Coefficient (SC)는 1 mm/min 하중 속도 기준 -0.140%/MPa로 측정되었으나, 하중 속도가 각각 4, 8 mm/min으로 증가함에 따라 42.8 %, 72.7% 감소하였다. 전도성 재료의 변형 감소, 미세균열 증가로 인하여 S-UHPC의 감지능력이 하중속도 증가에 따라 감소하였지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 높은 하중 속도 하에서도 우수한 감지 성능을 보여 구조물 지진 하중 감지를 위한 SHM 시스템에 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1989년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.38-43
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• 1989

하중 재하속도의 영향을 고려한 철근 콘크리트 부재의 거동을 예측하기 위한 해석모델이 layer modeling 기법에 의하여 개발되었다. 철근 콘크리트 부재의 압축 및 휨거동 해석 과정에서 하중에 따른 변형율 속도를 변수로 사용한 개발된 모델을 이용하여 얻은 해석결과는 여러가지 다른 하중재하 속도하에서 실험된 실험결과와 비교되었으며, 그의 비교결과는 만족스러웠다. 본 연구에서는 개발된 모델을 사용하여 철관 콘크리트 보 및 기둥에서 다양하게 사용될 수 있는 기하학적 형태 및 사용재료 등의 변수변환이 하중재하 속도에 따른 부재의 강도 및 강성에의 민감성을 조사하였다. 본 논문에서는 또한 하중재하 속도의 영향을 고려할 수 있는 철근 콘크리트 단면의 휨 및 압축강도를 계산할 수 있는 두개의 설계 공식도 제안하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.367-371
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• 2005

Pile foundations are utilized when soil is so weak that shallow foundations are not suitable or point load is concentrated in small area. Such soil can be formed by the land reclamation works which have extensively been executed along the coastal line of southern and western parts of the Korean Peninsula. The working load at pile is sometimes subjected to not only compression load but also lateral load sad uplift forces. But in most of the practice design, uplift capacity of pile foundation is not considered and estimation of uplift capacity is presumed on the compression skin friction. This study was carried out to determine that the effect of embedment ratio and loading rate on uplift adhesion factor of concrete pile driven in clay. Based on the test results, the critical embedment ratio is about 9. Adhesion factor is constant under the critical embedment ratio, and decreasing over the critical embedment ratio. Also, adhesion factor is increased with the loading rate is increased.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2011

재하속도에 따른 용접강관의 모멘트-곡률 거동특성에 관한 해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 3차원 열역학해석을 통하여 용접이음부의 잔류응력을 산출하였다. 그리고 동적소성모델이 적용된 탄소성 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용하여 잔류응력을 고려한 용접강관(Welded pipe)의 동적해석을 수행하였다. 그리고 용접이음부가 없는 일반강관(Seamless pipe)에 대한 동적거동과의 비교를 통하여 해석을 수행하여 용접강관의 해석력과 해석결과는 용접강관의 모멘트가 일반강관의 모멘트에 비해 낮은 응답을 보였으나 재하속도가 증가함에 따라 모멘트 응답의 차이는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.3847-3855
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• 1996

In order to study the relationship between static and cynamic behaviors of silion caride, both quasi-static indentaiton and impact experiments of spherical particle have been conducted. The difference inmaterial behavior when using the two mehtods suggests a loading rate difference in the damate pattrern and fracture strength of silicon carbide. This investigation showed some difference in damage pattern according to particla property, especially inthe case of particle impact. There was no differences in deformation behaviors according to the loading rate when the crater profiles were compared with each other at the same contact radius. From the result of residual strength evaluation, it was found that the strength degradation began at the initiation of ring crack and its behavior was colsely related to morphologies of the damage developed which was also dependent upon the extent of deformation atthe loaidng point. In the case of static indentation, there didnot exist the particle property effects onthe strength degradation behavior.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2000

The effect of the welding for the offshore structure in the TMCP steel on the fatigue crack propagation rate and crack opening-and-closure behavior was examined. The welding anisotropy of the TMCP steel and crack propagation characteristics of the excessive loading were reviewed. (1) It seemed that a heat which was generated by the welding made a compressive residual stress over the base metal, so fatigue crack propagation rate was placed lower than in case of the base metal. (20 In the base metal, an effect of the anisotropy which has an effect of fatigue crack propagation rate of the excessive load and the constant amplitude laos was not found but in the welding material case, fatigue crack propagation rate of the excessive load in the specimen of the width direction was located in the retard side as compared with a specimen rolling direction. (3) A crack opening ratio of the used TMCP stel in this study was not changed after excessive loading but a retard phenomenon of crack propagation was observed. Consequently, it was thought that all of the retard phenomenon of crack propagation did not only a cause of the crack opening-and-closure phenomenon.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate how three gaze directions (bottom, normal, up) affects the coordination and stability of the lower limb during drop landing. Method: 20 female adults (age: 21.1±1.1 yrs, height: 165.7±6.2 cm, weight: 59.4±5.9 kg) participated in this study. Participants performed single-leg drop landing task on a 30 cm height and 20 cm horizontal distance away from the force plate. Kinetic and kinematic data were obtained using 8 motion capture cameras and 1 force plates and leg stiffness, loading rate, DPSI were calculated. All statistical analyses were computed by using SPSS 25.0 program. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to compared the differences between the variables in the direction of gaze. To locate the differences, Bonferroni post hoc was applied if significance was observed. Results: The hip flexion angle and ankle plantar flexion angle were significantly smaller when the gaze direction was up. In the kinetic variables, when the gaze direction was up, the loading rate and DPSI were significantly higher than those of other gaze directions. Conclusion: Our results indicated that decreased hip and ankle flexion angles, increased loading rate and DPSI when the gaze direction was up. This suggests that the difference in visual information can increase the risk of injury to the lower limb during landing.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2022

The roadways surrounded by rock and coal will lose their stability or even collapse under rock burst. Rock burst mainly involves an evolution of dynamic loading which behaves quite differently from static or quasi-static loading. To compare the dynamic response of coal and rocks with different static strengths, three different rocks and bituminous coal were selected for testing at three different dynamic loadings. It's found that the dynamic compression strength of rocks and bituminous coal is much greater than the static compression strength. The dynamic compression strength and dynamic increase factor of the rocks both increase linearly with the increase of the strain rate, while those of the bituminous coal are irregular due to the characteristics of multi-fracture and heterogeneity. Moreover, the absorbed energy of the rocks and bituminous coal both increase linearly with an increase in the strain rate. And the ratio of absorbed energy to the total energy of bituminous coal is greater than that of rocks. With the increase of dynamic loading, the failure degree of the sample increases, with the increase of the static compressive strength, the damage degree also increases. The static compassion strength of the bituminous coal is lower than that of rocks, so the number of small-scale fragments was the largest after bituminous coal rupture.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.335-342
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• 2000

In this study, the swelling characteristics of reconstituted clayey soil were investigated by STD and CRS test. The strain rate during loading was constant i.e. 0.05 %/min, 0.03 %/min and during unloading was varied in proportion to 1/1, 1/5, 1/10 and 1/15 of strain rate during loading. From this study the following conclusions were obtained; (1) There were similar values, especially, during unloading in case of 1/10 or 1/15 of strain rate during loading and the test results between STD and CRS were much to be alike. (2) The cross point of effective stress versus excess pore water pressure ratio curve, was increased during unloading, while the stress level of the cross point was decreased. The stress level can be separated into two zones according to the swelling index named Cs1 and Cs2. From the test results, the values of Cs1 were approximately constant irrespective of strain rate during unloading, but the values of Cs2 were much influenced by strain rate. (3) In CRS consolidation tests, it was found that unloading strain rate did not affect on the existence of zone.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제5권11호
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• pp.1959-1975
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• 2011

Adaptive Bit Loading (ABL) in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is often used to achieve the desired Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in wireless systems. In this paper, we discuss some of the bit loading algorithms, compare them in terms of the BER performance, and present an effective and concise Adaptive Grouped Loading (AGL) algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a "weight factor" for loading algorithm to converge rapidly to the final solution for various data rate with variable Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gaps. In particular, we consider the bit loading in near optimal Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based MIMO-OFDM system. While using SVD based system, the system requires perfect Channel State Information (CSI) of channel transfer function at the transmitter. This scenario of SVD based system is taken as an ideal case for the comparison of loading algorithms and to show the actual enhancement achievable by our AGL algorithm. Irrespective of the CSI requirement imposed by the mode of the system itself, ABL demands high level of feedback. Grouped Loading (GL) would reduce the feedback requirement depending upon the group size. However, this also leads to considerable degradation in BER performance. In our AGL algorithm, groups are formed with a number of consecutive sub-channels belonging to the same transmit antenna, with individual gains satisfying predefined criteria. Simulation results show that the proposed "weight factor" leads a loading algorithm to rapid convergence for various data rates with variable SNR gap values and AGL requires much lesser CSI compared to GL for the same BER performance.