• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2004

보조기층 재료의 변형특성은 역학적 포장설계에 있어서 대단히 중요한 입력변수이다 국내에서 사용되는 보조기층 재료는 대부분 입상의 자갈질 흙으로서, 실제 시공현장에서 7종의 시료를 채취하였다. 보조기층 재료의 변형특성 평가를 위하여 공진주/비틂전단시험 삼축압축시험,자유단공진주시험을수행하여 탄성계수에 대한 여러 영향요소를 검토하였다. 보조기층 재료의 탄성계수에 대한 하중주파수 및 하중반복횟수의 영향은 매우 작은 것으로 평가되었으며 공학적 관점에서 무시가능 할 것으로 생각된다 보조기층 재료의 탄성계수는 구속응력과 변형률 크기에 대단히 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났고, 대표적인 정규화탄성계수 감소곡선과 구성모델을 제안하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.451-466
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• 2020

In this paper, the effect of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) on the lateral strength of a bearing unreinforced Masonry (URM) wall, was experimentally and numerically investigated. Two half scale solid walls were constructed and were tested under quasi-static lateral loading. The first specimen was an un-retrofitted masonry wall (reference wall) while the second one was retrofitted by ECC mortar connected to the wall foundation via steel rebar dowels. The effect of pre-compression level, ECC layer thickness and one or double-side retrofitting on the URM wall lateral strength was numerically investigated. The validation of the numerical model was carried out from the experimental results. The results indicated that the application of ECC layer increases the wall lateral strength and the level of increment depends on the above mentioned parameters. Increasing pre-compression levels and the lack of connection between the ECC layer and the wall foundation reduces the influence of the ECC mortar on the wall lateral strength. In addition, the wall failure mode changes from flexure to the toe-crashing behavior. Furthermore, in the case of ECC layer connected to the wall foundation, the ECC layer thickness and double-side retrofitting showed a significant effect on the wall lateral strength. Finally, a simple method for estimating the lateral strength of retrofitted masonry walls is presented. The results of this method is in good agreement with the numerical results.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2015년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.185-186
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• 2015

The use of non-bearing lightweight wall has increased recently due to the increase of high-rise buildings and supply of long-life housing. Lightweight wall has advantages such as reducing the self-weight of the building, convenience in installation, and shortening construction period, however, must have a sufficient strength to external force. This study standardized the stiffness (static horizontal load resistance) test method for lightweight walls by using the actual impact load obtained through the load analysis test conducted in the previous studies. The size of specimen was set up as height 2.4m and width 3.0m. Test apparatus and test methods were referred to BS 5234-2:1992. However, the loading level applied to the specimen was divided into 3 steps (3000N, 1000N, 500N) that can be applied selectively depending on the purpose of the wall. The deformation characteristics according to the same loading level were vary depending on the specimen's type, and the evaluation criteria for functional damage may vary depending on the material, method of construction, and purpose of wall. Therefore, we did not suggest unified evaluation criteria of the stiffness to the test results.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

본 연구는 최근 수계소화설비 배관에 적용되고 있는 스테인리스 강관용 프레스식 관이음쇠에 대한 내진성능 연구를 수행한다. 연구를 위한 설비의 구성은 NFPA 13의 배관연결방법으로 하였다. 배관의 허용변위량은 건축구조기준에서 제시한 허용량으로 하였고, 반복회수는 10회로 하였다. 실험 후 배관의 Von-mises 응력은 허용응력의 2.48, 1.25배로 NPPs Allowable Stress for Level D service loading의 "허용응력의 3배"인 기준 보다는 적게 나타났다. 따라서 프레스식 관이음쇠는 내진성능을 갖추고 있는 것으로 판단 할 수 있다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2017

The optimum design of structures with frequency constraints is of great importance in the aeronautical industry. In order to avoid severe vibration, it is necessary to shift the fundamental frequency of the structure away from the frequency range of the dynamic loading. This paper develops a novel topology optimisation method for optimising the fundamental frequencies of structures. The finite element dynamic eigenvalue problem is solved to derive the sensitivity function used for the optimisation criteria. An alternative material interpolation scheme is developed and applied to the optimisation problem. A novel level-set criteria and updating routine for the weighting factors is presented to determine the optimal topology. The optimisation algorithm is applied to a simple two-dimensional plane stress plate to verify the method. Optimisation for maximising a chosen frequency and maximising the gap between two frequencies are presented. This has the application of stiffness maximisation and flutter suppression. The results of the optimisation algorithm are compared with the state of the art in frequency topology optimisation. Test cases have shown that the algorithm produces similar topologies to the state of the art, verifying that the novel technique is suitable for frequency optimisation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.649-661
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• 2021

This paper presents experimental and analytical studies to understand the behavior of crumb rubber concrete (CRC)-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and steel tube double skin column (DSC) and beam (DSB) members under cyclic loading. The main test variable was the percentage of rubber which ranged from 0 to 40%. For column members, different heights corresponding to different aspect ratios were examined to understand the to understand the effect of DSCs' slenderness on the cyclic response of the columns. the. The behavior of the specimens in terms of failure mode, strain development, energy dissipation, load-displacement response were presented and compared. The ability of the current provisions of the Australian codes to predict the capacity of such double skin members was also evaluated based on the test results. This study concluded that the reduction in the concrete strength was more severe at the material level compared to structural level. Also, as the load changed from axial compression in columns to pure moment in beams the negative effect of rubber percentage on the strength became less significant.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.361-372
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• 2024

Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns are typically designated as the primary source of energy dissipation for a bridge structure during an earthquake. Therefore, seismic repair of RC bridge columns has been studied extensively during the past several decades. On the other hand, few studies have been conducted to evaluate how repaired column members influence the system-level response of an RC bridge structure in subsequent earthquakes. In this study, a numerical model was established to simulate the response of two large-scale RC columns, repaired using different techniques, reported in the literature. The columns were implemented into a prototype bridge model that was subjected to earthquake loading. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and fragility analysis were conducted on numerical bridge models to evaluate the efficacy of the repairs and the post-repair seismic performance of the prototype bridge that included one or more repaired columns in various locations. For the prototype bridge herein modeled, the results showed that a confinement-enhanced oriented repair would not affect the seismic behavior of the prototype bridge. Increasing the strength of the longitudinal reinforcement could effectively reduce the drift of the prototype bridge in subsequent earthquakes. A full repair configuration for the columns was the most effective method for enhancing the seismic performance of the prototype bridge. To obtain a positive effect on seismic performance, a minimum of two repaired columns was required.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2018

Low cyclic loading tests are conducted on the steel reinforced recycled concrete (SRRC) column-steel (S) beam composite frame joints. This research aims to evaluate the earthquake damage performance of composite frame joints by performing cyclic loading tests on eight specimens. The experimental failure process and failure modes, load-displacement hysteresis curves, characteristic loads and displacements, and ductility of the composite frame joints are presented and analyzed, which shows that the composite frame joints demonstrate good seismic performance. On the basis of this finding, seismic damage performance is examined by using the maximum displacement, energy absorbed in the hysteresis loops and Park-Ang model. However, the result of this analysis is inconsistent with the test failure process. Therefore, this paper proposes a modified Park-Ang seismic damage model that is based on maximum deformation and cumulative energy dissipation, and corrected by combination coefficient ${\alpha}$. Meanwhile, the effects of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and axial compression ratio on the seismic damage performance are analyzed comprehensively. Moreover, lateral displacement angle is used as the quantification index of the seismic performance level of joints. Considering the experimental study, the seismic performance level of composite frame joints is divided into five classes of normal use, temporary use, repair after use, life safety and collapse prevention. On this basis, the corresponding relationships among seismic damage degrees, seismic performance level and quantitative index are also established in this paper. The conclusions can provide a reference for the seismic performance design of composite frame joints.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1369-1382
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• 2007

To find proper water quality management strategy for oxygen consumption organic matters in Jinhae bay, the physical process and net supply/decomposition in terms of COD was estimated by three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic modeling. The estimation results of physical process in terms of COD showed that transportation of COD was dominant in loading area from land to sea, while accumulation of COD was dominant in $middle{\sim}bottom$ level. In case of surface level, the net supply rate of COD was $0{\sim}60\;mg/m^2/day$. The net decomposition rate of COD was $0{\sim}-0.05\;mg/m^2/day$($-5{\sim}-10$ m, in depth) to 2 level, and $-0.05{\sim}-0.20\;mg/m^2/day(10m{\sim})$ to bottom level. These results indicate that the biological decomposition and physical accumulation of COD are occurred for the most part of Jinhae Bay bottom. The variation of net supply or net decomposition rate of COD as reducing land based input loading is also remarkable. Therefore, it is important to consider both allochthonous and autochthonous oxygen demanding organic matters to improve the water quality of Jinhae Bay.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2009년도 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.119-123
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• 2009

지하수 수위 변동에 따른 중력 변화를 이동식 기조력 중력계(PET)를 이용하여 충청남도 금산군에 위치한 국가 지하수 관측소(금산 금산 지하수관측소)에서 측정하였다. 중력 탐사는 2008년 11월부터 2009년 9월까지 약 10개월에 걸쳐 수행되었다. 또한 중력탐사가 수행되는 기간 동안 지하수 수위변화에 대한 자료도 얻었다. 얻어진 중력 자료로부터 지하수의 수위변동에 의한 효과만을 추출해 내기 위하여, 대기압에 의한 효과, 조석 효과, ocean loading 효과, polar motion과 drift 효과를 제거하였다. 이렇게 보정된 중력 자료를 관측정에서 측정한 지하수 수위변동과 직접 비교하여 중력 신호에 대한 지하수 수위 변동의 영향을 알아보았다. 또한 6월에는 지하수 관측소에 대한 양수 작업이 있었다. 이 작업이 수행되는 동안 지하수의 수위 강화와 충전이 있었으며, 이와 연관된 중력변화도 매우 성공적으로 관측되었다. 지하수 수위변동에 의한 중력 효과의 관측은 대수층의 water mass balance와 수자원에 대한 모니터링에 있어서 아주 유용하게 이용될 것으로 보인다.