• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.503-516
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• 2023

A transfer cask serves as the container for transporting and handling canisters loaded with spent nuclear fuels from light water reactors. This study focuses on a cylindrical transfer cask, standing at 5,300 mm with an external diameter of 2,170 mm, featuring impact limiters on the top and bottom sides. The base of the cask body has an openable/closable lid for loading canisters with storage modules. The transfer cask houses a canister containing spent nuclear fuels from lightweight reactors, serving as the confinement boundary while the cask itself lacks the confinement structure. The objective of this study was to conduct a structural analysis evaluation of the transfer cask, currently under development in Korea, ensuring its safety. This evaluation encompasses analyses of loads under normal, off-normal, and accident conditions, adhering to NUREG-2215. Structural integrity was assessed by comparing combined results for each load against stress limits. The results confirm that the transfer cask meets stress limits across normal, off-normal, and accident conditions, establishing its structural safety.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권1호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2024

Poorly designed reinforced concrete (RC) columns of actual moment-resisting frame (MRF) buildings can undergo Axial Compression Ratios (ACR) so high as their demand exceeds their capacity, even for serviceability gravity load combinations, this lack commonly leads to insufficient seismic strength. Nonetheless, many seismic design codes do not specify limits for ACR. The main contribution of this research is to investigate the need to limit the ACR in seismic design. For this purpose, three prototype 6 and 11-story RC MRF buildings are analyzed in this paper, these buildings have columns undergoing excessive ACR, according to the limits prescribed by standards. To better that situation, three types of alterations are performed: retrofitting the abovementioned overloaded columns by steel jacketing, increasing the concrete strength, and reducing the number of stories. Several finite element analyses are conducted using the well-known software SAP2000 and the results are used for further calculations. Code-type and pushover analyses are performed on the original and retrofitted buildings, the suitability of the other modified buildings is checked by code-type analyses only. The obtained results suggest that ACR is a rather reliable indicator of the final building strength, hence, apparently, limiting the ACR in the standards (for early stages of design) might avoid unnecessary verifications.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2019

In this study the spatial variability of soils is substantiated physically and numerically by using random field theory. Heterogeneous samples are fabricated by combining nine homogeneous soil clusters that are assumed to be elements of an adopted random field. Homogeneous soils are prepared by mixing different percentages of kaolin and bentonite at water contents equivalent to their respective liquid limits. Comprehensive characteristic laboratory tests were carried out before embarking on direct shear experiments to deduce the basic correlations and properties of nine homogeneous soil clusters that serve to reconstitute the heterogeneous samples. The tests consist of Atterberg limits, and Oedometric and unconfined compression tests. The undrained shear strength of nine soil clusters were measured by the unconfined compression test data, and then correlations were made between the water content and the strength and stiffness of soil samples with different consistency limits. The direct shear strength of heterogeneous samples of different stochastic properties was then evaluated by physical and numerical modelling using FISH code programming in finite difference software of $FLAC^{3D}$. The results of the experimental and stochastic numerical analyses were then compared. The deviation of numerical simulations from direct shear load-displacement profiles taken from different sources were discussed, potential sources of error was introduced and elaborated. This study was primarily to explain the mathematical and physical procedures of sample preparation in stochastic soil mechanics. It can be extended to different problems and applications in geotechnical engineering discipline to take in to account the variability of strength and deformation parameters.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8370-8377
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• 2015

공간 데이터 스트림 관리 시스템에 실시간으로 입력되는 공간 데이터 스트림은 제한된 주기억장치의 용량을 초과할 수 있으므로 부하를 제한할 필요가 있다. 그러나 기존의 연구에서는 부하 제한을 위해 공간 데이터 스트림을 생성하는 데이터 소스의 특성이나 입력 변화, 그리고 공간 데이터 이용 정도를 효율적으로 적용하지 못함으로써 질의 처리의 정확도와 성능을 감소시키는 문제를 갖고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공간 데이터 스트림 질의 관리 시스템에서 발생할 수 있는 부하를 제한하고 공간 질의 처리의 성능과 정확도를 높이기 위한 다단계 부하제한 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서는 먼저 데이터를 수집하는 단계에서 데이터의 수량과 입력 빈도 변화를 이용하여 부하를 제한하고, 과부하 발생시 공간 이용도에 따라 질의 참여 확률이 낮은 데이터를 대상으로 추가적인 부하제한을 수행한다. 실험 결과에서 제안 기법은 기존 부하제한 기법에 비해 11% 이상의 부하 제한 발생 빈도를 감소시키면서 입력 데이터 스트림의 증가와 질의 영역에 증가에 따른 질의 처리 결과의 정확도는 0.04% 이상의 우위를 보였다. 또한, 질의 처리 성능에서도 기존 기법에 비해 3% 이상의 향상을 나타냈다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.649-669
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• 2016

This study explored the analytical conditions for 21 veterinary antibiotics which have been popularly sold in South Korea in 2014 but have not yet been targeted in EPA method 1694. Most of the selected antibiotics were separated by a reverse-phase C18 column with a combination of (buffered) water and organic polar solvent, which was commonly methanol and acetonitrile in the gradient elution mode. Volatile additives such as formic acid, ammonium acetate and ammonium formate were usually added to the mobile phases to minimize asymmetrical and tailing of antibiotics' peaks and to increase their ionization in mass spectrometry. The analytical methods of aminoglycoside antibiotics were distinct from those of the other antibiotics in terms of adoption of ion-pair chromatography (IPC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) capable of retaining and separating extremely polar compounds due to their hydrophilicity. Trifluoroacetic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid was frequently added to the mobile phase as an ion-pair reagent for the IPC. Tandem mass spectrometry was numerously applied to the detection of antibiotics using positive electrospray ionization (ESI) and the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. All reviewed analytical methods had been/were validated by evaluating recovery, limits of detection and quantification, decision limit or detection capability of the methods.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.341-352
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• 2017

강구조물을 접합하는 대표적인 두 가지 방법으로는 용접접합과 볼트접합이 있다. 이중 잘 접합된 볼트접합은 지압메카니즘에 의한 강도상승과 연성거동을 기대할 수 있다. 이러한 볼트접합부의 연성능력을 충분히 활용하기 위해 본 연구에서는 합리적인 단일볼트접합부의 힘-변형관계 및 지압강도 산정식을 제안하고자 하였다. 볼트접합부의 경계조건 및 기하학적인 요소를 고려하여 체계적으로 단일볼트 실험을 수행하였다. 현행 설계기준의 볼트접합부의 지압강도 산정식의 모순점을 해결하기 위해 새로운 지압강도 설계식 및 변형한계 산정식을 제안하였다. 또한 접합부의 강성, 강도, 기하학적 조건 등을 반영할 수 있는 힘-변형관계식을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 지압강도식 및 힘-변형관계식은 현행설계기준보다 합리적으로 실험결과를 예측하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2009

A high prevalence of protected horticulture farmer's work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) have been reported in precedent studies. One of the tasks required ergonomic intervention to reduce the musculo-skeletal risks is the task of product transporting. The purpose of this study is to evaluate quantitatively the spinal load of operator using manual vehicles to predict and prevent musculo-skeletal risks. Spinal load in operators using 4 kinds of manual vehicle were analyzed. Before evaluating spinal load on operator using the manual vehicles by bio-mechanical approach, it is needed to validate human model. In this study, ADAMS LifeMOD human model shows satisfactory results, comparing with already validated model's results or measured results. While Operators pushed the manual vehicles(wheelbarrow, Trolley, 2 wheel cart, and 4 wheel cart) contained loads that were 0 N and 800 N, their spinal loads(compression force, shear force) were evaluated. The compression force demonstrated under the NIOSH action limits - 3410N - for all 4 manual vehicle's operators(McGill 1997; Marras 2000). However, the lateral shear force demonstrated over the University of Waterloo - 500N - for all 3 manual vehicle's operators except 4Wheel cart (Yingline and McGill, 1999). Therefore, operators have risks in prevalence of the musculo-skeletal disorders due to shear force. The findings of this study suggest that it need to be determine the spinal load, especially lateral shear force in designing the manual vehicles in the future.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2010

In order to test the applicability of bunker-A in a diesel engine for small-fishing boat, the investigation of the engine performance and the exhaust emission was performed under various conditions of fuel property, intake air pressure and fuel temperature. It was also performed based on IMO NOx Technical code. At high load, the energy consumption rate of bunker-A was lower than that of diesel oil, and the characteristics of exhaust emission of bunker-A were similar to those, and NOx emission rates of both fuels satisfied the IMO NOx emission regulation limits. The energy consumption rate and characteristics of exhaust emission were improved as the intake air pressure was increased, but these were not improved remarkably as the temperature of bunker-A was heated. However, at low load the energy consumption rate, CO emission rate and HC emission rate of bunker-A were higher than those of diesel oil, but NOx emission rates of the fuels were about the same. In addition, at low load the energy consumption rate and CO emission rate of bunker-A were increased as the intake air pressure and the temperature were higher than normal conditions. Accordingly, it is thought that the use of bunker-A in a kind of test engine is possible at high load. On the other hand, it is thought that more research is needed to improve the combustion efficiency under low temperature and low load condition.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2011

레일 표면 결함이 발생할 경우 매우 높은 충격하중이 발생하여 레일 피로 진전 또는 레일 파단에 이를 수 있고 레일이 파단될 경우 열차탈선 등 대형 사고가 발생할 수 있으므로 레일 결함부에 대한 관리기준의 정립이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 차량-궤도 동적 상호작용 해석 프로그램을 이용하여, 실제 고속철도 자갈궤도에서 결함이 발생한 43개 지점에서 측정된 레일요철을 입력값으로 하여, 요철 깊이에 따른 충격 윤중과 레일 휨응력을 산정하였다. 궤도틀림을 감안하여 윤중 및 레일 휨응력의 한계값을 설정하고, 해석결과로부터 얻은 윤중 및 레일 휨응력 최대값과 결함 깊이 및 폭과의 상관관계를 분석함으로써 레일 표면 결함부에 대한 관리기준을 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 허용할 수 있는 요철 깊이는 충격 윤중에 의하여 발생할 수 있는 레일 두부의 소성 변형을 방지하기 위하여 관리되어야 하며, 엄격한 조건을 평가할 경우 그 값은 0.2mm 정도가 적당함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

현재 국내에서는 비탈면의 안정성 확보를 위해 그라운드 앵커공법을 적용하고 있다. 그라운드 앵커는 시간이 지남에 따라 노후화 및 환경적 영향에 의한 부식, 릴렉세이션, 크립 등으로 긴장력 감소현상이 발생하며, 이로 인해 앵커의 긴장력은 설계앵커력 이하로 감소할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 이에 국내에서는 정기적인 점검 시 또는 이상 징후가 발생한 앵커를 대상으로 리프트오프 시험을 수행하여 앵커의 잔존긴장력을 확인하고 있으나, 현재 국내 리프트오프 시험기준(국토해양부, 2010)은 수행 및 평가방법이 자세히 명시되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 선행연구들을 바탕으로 하중 재하 제하 사이클, 하중 증분방법, 긴장재 긴장 방법 등을 고려하여 리프트오프 시험을 수행하였으며 현장에서의 시공성과 시간적 제한을 고려하여 효율적인 리프트오프 시험 및 평가방법 개선안을 제시하였다.