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http://dx.doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2016.32.6.649

Determination of Veterinary Antibiotic Residues: III. Analytical Methods_A Review  

Kim, Chansik (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Ryu, Hong-Duck (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Chung, Eu Gene (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Kim, Yongseok (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Rhew, Doug Hee (Watershed and Total Load Management Research Division, Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment / v.32, no.6, 2016 , pp. 649-669 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study explored the analytical conditions for 21 veterinary antibiotics which have been popularly sold in South Korea in 2014 but have not yet been targeted in EPA method 1694. Most of the selected antibiotics were separated by a reverse-phase C18 column with a combination of (buffered) water and organic polar solvent, which was commonly methanol and acetonitrile in the gradient elution mode. Volatile additives such as formic acid, ammonium acetate and ammonium formate were usually added to the mobile phases to minimize asymmetrical and tailing of antibiotics' peaks and to increase their ionization in mass spectrometry. The analytical methods of aminoglycoside antibiotics were distinct from those of the other antibiotics in terms of adoption of ion-pair chromatography (IPC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) capable of retaining and separating extremely polar compounds due to their hydrophilicity. Trifluoroacetic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid was frequently added to the mobile phase as an ion-pair reagent for the IPC. Tandem mass spectrometry was numerously applied to the detection of antibiotics using positive electrospray ionization (ESI) and the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. All reviewed analytical methods had been/were validated by evaluating recovery, limits of detection and quantification, decision limit or detection capability of the methods.
Keywords
Aminoglycosides; Analytical methods; Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Method validation; Veterinary antibiotics;
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