• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.740-750
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• 2011

With a recent increase in dietary supplements (DS) consumption among children in Korea, this study was performed to examine the influencing factors on children's DS consumption. A nationwide survey was conducted employing 3 representative samples of children for summer & fall of 2008 and spring of 2009 by stratified multistage sampling of 120 survey sites per season based on the 2005 census population. Approximately 30 households from each survey site were screened for residing children of 0-19 years and about 1,700 households remained as eligible samples per season. Trained dietitians visited households to perform face-to-face interview to children and/or parents regarding DS consumption including health functional foods (HFF), vitamins/minerals (V/M) supplements and other food supplements during 1 month prior to interview. Out of 5,328 children responded, 18.7% reported DS consumption. Consumption rate was higher in boys (19.9% vs. 17.3% in girls, P < 0.05) and youngsters (22.8% compared to 15.0% in adolescents, P < 0.001). Children from higher income family (P < 0.001), those living in apartments (P < 0.001), those residing in metropolitan area (P < 0.001), and those of mothers with higher education (P < 0.001) were more likely to take DS. Also, mother's employment status and occupation were significantly associated with children's DS consumption. The most popular DS was HFF (72.1%), which was consumed more in children of higher income family. It is revealed that socioeconomic factors affect children's DS consumption significantly. Also it is necessary to estimate children's V/M intake from DS and foods together especially because there are tolerable upper limits set for V/M for safety purposes.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.297-311
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• 2019

본 연구는 복지관을 이용하는 장애부모를 둔 비장애 아동들을 대상으로 현상학적 연구방법을 통해 장애부모를 둔 비장애 아동의 행복한 삶의 본질적 의미를 밝히고자 시도되었다. 그 결과 행복한 삶과 관련된 76개 의미 있는 진술, 20개의 주제 8개의 범주가 도출 되었으며 아동이 행복한 삶의 본질적인 의미로는 '부모님이 행복해 하는 삶', '부모가 인정받는 삶', '부모님이 건강한 삶' '다른 가족과 다를 것이 없는 삶' 4개의 범주로 나타났고, 아동이 행복한 삶을 살기 조건으로는 '경제적으로 안정된 삶', '장애에 대한 인식이 긍정적인 사람과의 만남의 삶' '함께 여행하는 삶', '아동으로 인정받는 삶' 으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 볼 때 아동들에게는 이 시기가 중요한 만큼 더욱더 행복한 삶을 느낄 수 있는 개입방안과 장애인을 바라보는 인식개선 및 옹호자의 역할이 절실히 필요하다고 본다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3341-3355
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• 2016

Background: A recent WHO data report on mortality attributable to tobacco use including cigarette smoking indicated a very high burden of deaths in Asia and that people often initiate smoking as early as young adolescents. The objectives of this study were to systematically review peer-reviewed articles on cigarette smoking initiation among Asian adolescents and to develop a conceptual model of factors influencing smoking initiation by integrating all relevant factors based on existing data. Materials and Methods: Following a PRISMA guideline, a systematic review of articles published between 2005 and June 2015 was conducted using 5 databases on cigarette smoking initiation among adolescents (aged 10-19 years) living in Asia. We summarized the main findings of each study according to our research questions and data that emerged during the data extraction process. Analysis and categorization were based on the TTI and TPB models and classification of factors extracted from the study, were as follows: personal factors, social factors, broader environmental factors, mediators, and intention to initiate smoking and smoking behavior. Results: Of 1,227 identified studies, only 20 were included in this review. Our findings found that the mean age of cigarette smoking initiation ranged from 10 to 14 years and those who are more likely to initiate smoking are male, older adolescents, adolescents with low parental SES, individuals with low parental monitoring, low parental education level and having no discussion on smoking at home, those living in public housing and those exhibiting health-risk behavior. Our study also revealed that the risk of smoking initiation increased when they are exposed to smokers, influenced by peers, exposed to tobacco advertisements, receive pocket money, have lack of knowledge about smoking, have poor school performance, have a family conflict and have psychological problems. The conceptual model developed demonstrated complex networks of factors influencing initiation. Conclusions: This systematic review presents various factors influencing smoking initiation of the Asian adolescents and provides a conceptual framework to further analyze factors. Future studies should have a standard measure of smoking initiation, should analyze interactions and the intensity of relationships between different factors or variables in the conceptual model. This will in turn consolidate the understanding of the different factors affecting smoking initiation and will help to improve interventions in this area.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to compare the relative risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in middle aged adults with different body weights. 155 subjects living in urban Beijing were recruited from 24 neighborhood committees of urban Beijing. They were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to their BMIs. The general information of the subjects was collected using an interview-administered questionnaire. Standard procedure was followed to measure subject's weight, height and waist. Biochemical parameters (total cholesterol (TC), low- and high­density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C ; HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and fasting glucose) and blood pressure were also determined. The results indicated that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C of obese group was lower than that of the normal weight group. Fasting glucose of obese males was significantly higher than that of normal weight males. No significant difference of fasting glucose was found among female groups. No significant difference of TG was found among male groups, while TG of overweight and obese females was both significantly higher than normal weight females. There was no significant difference of TC and LDL-C among normal weight, overweight and obese groups in both males and females. The MS rate of obese males was significantly higher than the normal weight and overweight males, as was the female. The relative risk of MS in obese group was about 11 times higher (OR=11.249, $95\%CI$ = 3.812 - 33.191) than the normal weight group after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, family economic level and education status. It is concluded that obesity contributed to lower HDL-C, hypertriglyceride, hypertension and MS after controlling the effects of age, gender, socioeconomic status, alcohol drinking and smoking. Obese individuals have a higher risk of having MS than their normal weight counterparts.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.35-47
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• 1999

노인에서 처방약 복용에 대한 불순응의 문제는 의학적으로 심각한 문제의 발생과 경제적인 손실을 가져오게 된다. 이 연구는 1996년 7월 24 일부터 8월 13일 사이에 경상북도 김천시 금릉군에 거주하는 60세 이상의 농촌 노인을 대상으로 이루어진 단면적인 면접조사이다. 노인에서의 비고이적인 약물복용 불순응의 원인이 되는 약물복용 능력의 실태를 파악하고, 약물 복용능력과 건강상태, 일상적 생활 활동, 가족적 지지, 그리고 인지기능을 비롯한 다양한 변수, 일반적 특성 등과의 관련성을 조사 분석함으로써 약물 복용 실행능력을 예측할 수 있는 예측자를 찾고자 하였다. 현재 복용하고 있는 약물이 있다고 답한 사람은 48.8%였다. 93%가 혼자서 정확한 시간에, 정확한 용량으로 복용할 수 있다고 답하였고, 6%가 약간의 도움이 필요하다고 하거나 혼자 복용할 수 없다고 답하였다. 약물 복용 수행능력과 일반적 특성 및 연구 변수들간의 차이에는 연령과 교육수준, IADL, MMSE-K가 혼자서 독립적으로 복용할 수 없는 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 상관분석에는 ADL, IADL, MMSE-K, BDI가 유의한 상관이 있었다. 단일변수분석과 상관분석에서 약물 복용 능력과 유의한 관련성을 보인 변수를 선택하여 투입한 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 IADL과 성이 최종적으로 선택되었다. 다른 건강수준 측정법 보다 수단적 일상생활 정도는 약물복용 수행능력에 더 민감한 예측자로의 역할이 기대되므로 투약관리와 약물 복용 수행 능력에 대한 정신적 상태를 평가하는 고식적 방법에 추가정보를 제공할 수 있을것으로 판단된다. 추후 약물복용 순응도의 다면적인 면을 고려한 연구가 입 퇴원환자를 중심으로 한 정확한 투약 순응도와 규모 파악, 이를 향상시킬 수 있는 구체적인 방안을 모색하는 방향을 중재 연구와 인지기능 및 운동기등 등의 정신 및 신체조건에 따른 약물 복용 순응도에 초점이 맞춘 다양하고 집중적인 연구자 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.52-68
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• 1996

As a product of poverty, health means the physical, mental and social instability caused by poverty. High mortality, high morbidity, and unsatisfied needs for medical care indicate the health condition of poor people. These indicators are related to the social and psychological property. This study is to develop an effective method of nursing in the poor family which is an essential unit in the nursing field of the community and to which a fundamental approach is need as a top priority. We can make such a study, though partially, by revealing the relationship among the Health-value, Health Locus of Contol, and the Level of Self esteem. We randomly sampled 243 women who are participating in the nursing department of the comnnity nursing centers in Seoul. We investigated by using questionaries and made an analysis on the result by SAS program. The result of this investigation can summarized as follows : 1. The average age of the subjects investigated is 43.4 and the participation rate in the economic activity is as high as 49.4%. Most of them are paid daily. The average members of the family are 4.28 persons, and 80.2% of which are nuclear families. The type of housing is as follows:51.4% are monthly-rent houses. Rent houses represent 23.5%. And 43.6% of the subjects graduate the high schools 2. The level of self-esteem possessed by the subjects is 37.17. The quality of task performance(3.46) and the morality(3.53) are low as compared with the other qualities. 3. In relation to the locus of control, internality is 22.39, the influence of powerrful others represents 20.24, and the effect of chance occurance is 16.41. 4. The orderings of value scale are the physical and mental health, comfortable life, happiness, mental peace, and pleasure. The lowest order is social recognition. 5. Considering in relation to the self-esteem and the locus of control, we found out that there is a negative relationship among the self-esteem, the influence of powerful others. The lower the level of self-esteem is, the higher the influence of powerful others is. There is also a negative relationship among the detailed items such as the qualities, and the positive attitude. 6. In a significant test in the general characters of the subjects and in the level of self-esteem, we can obtain the follwing results. The higher the economic level is, the higher the level of self-esteem is. And the higher the level of satisfaction with life is, the higher the level of self-esteem is. 7. In the locus of control, the higher the economic level is, the higher the internality is. 8. In the health-level, 75.72% represent the high health -level. And the group which has the low satisfaction with life represents the high level of health-value(81.6%). With these results, we can conclude that the level of self-esteem possessed by the poor women living in the city is high and that they have the multi-dimemsional health-value even though they are living in the poor condtions. Traditionally, the poverty has been recognized as an unfavorale factor in the health care. But this study shows that the poverty is no longer an unfavorale factor and, on the contrary, it has a potential power with which people can improve their health by possessing the high self-esteem and the high health value. The ultimate purpose which the nursing task of the community has is to make the patients keep and improve their own health. So, when the nurses approach the poor patients, the nurses should put an emphasis on the individual responsibilities of the patients, and respect their own health value.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.679-693
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• 2016

이 연구에서는 드라마 <응답하라> 시리즈에 나타난 기억 회상 양상을 살펴보고, 이 과정에서 드러나는 시청자의 욕망을 살펴보는 것을 목표로 한다. 2010년대에 들어서면서 1980-1990년대는 회상의 대상이 되었고 향수(鄕愁)와 복고(復古)가 문화상품이 되었다. 그렇다면 그 시대를 살아가는 미성년 주인공의 순수한 사랑과 우정, 그리고 가족에 대한 사랑을 그려 내는 <응답하라> 시리즈가 시청자의 인기를 끈 이유는 무엇일까. 과거 회상과 연애, 그리고 가족애를 반복되는 패턴으로 읽은 이 연구는 해당 패턴이 시청자의 욕구를 충족하고 있다고 보았다. 따라서 드라마의 '서사'와 '인물'을 중심으로 이 드라마에 내재된 시청자의 욕구를 분석하였다. 특유의 효과음과 음악은 분절 가능한 미시서사를 구축함으로써 시청자가 손쉽게 특정 장면을 소유할 수 있게 했다. 이는 '없는' 추억을 만들어내는 역할을 한다. 둘째로 인물의 경우 로맨틱 코미디의 작위적인 인물 설정이 만드는 갈등 없고 안정적인 중산층 세계를 유지하려는 욕망, 그리고 수동적인 여성인물을 통해 신자유주의시대의 과잉 선택이 주는 피로를 줄이고 싶어 하는 시청자의 욕망을 포착하였다. 결국 드라마가 제공하는 회상은 단순한 과거 회귀를 넘어 현재의 욕구와 결핍을 채우는 것이라 할 수 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the amount of social support and quality of life perceived by elderly people in rural areas and to examine the relationship between social support and quality of life in an effort to provide the basic data for effective nursing intervention to enhance quality of life among elderly people. Data were collected from a sample of 220 elderly people aged over 60 from a stratified probability method from one rural area in South Jeolla province from Aug. 15 to Sep. 15, 2002. For data collection, pre-educated researchers visited the participants' homes and surveyed them face-to-face. The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program along with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation. The findings were as follows: 1. The most socially supportive people they answered were Spouses (57.28%), followed by children, friends/neighbors, in descending order. In terms of satisfaction about social support, the subjects felt the most satisfaction from spouses, followed by friends/neighbors, children, in descending order. 2. The participants' perceived social support was 26.0 and the highest score was 108.0 out of 125. Also, the average score and average grade point was 81.7 and 3.35, respectively. A comparison of the average grade points per items within sub-areas of social support revealed financial aid(3.56), informative support(3.34), emotional support (3.27), and evaluation support(3.22). 3. Their perceived social support had statistically significant differences in terms of how much they earned (F=18.56, p= .00001) and whether they had family members living together (F=2.68, p= .0512), quality of life had statistically significant differences in terms of how much they earned (F=35.34, p= 0.00001). 4. The quality of life they perceived was the lowest score 47.0, the highest score 196.0, average score 145.7, and average grade points 3.28. A comparison of the average grade points per items within sub-areas of quality of life revealed neighbor relationships(3.97), self-esteem(3.49), family relationships(3.35), economic conditions 3.12), physical health (2.98), and psychological health(2.74). 5. The relationship between the amount of the subjects' social support and quality of life was significantly correlated (r=.696, p< .001). The findings revealed that social support for elderly people in rural areas was a greatly effective factor on their quality, of life. Also, it was shown that the larger the social support for the elderly, the greater the quality of life for them. Therefore, it is necessary to foster geriatric nurse specialists and develop nursing intervention programs connected with health care and social wellbeing in order to enhance the quality of life of elderly people in rural areas. Also, it is necessary to develop effective models for community and its applications, which will playa leading role for elderly people.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.146-165
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper was to identify the performance of health promoting lifestyles and health perception over 18 years old women living Wonju city so that the results will be based for setting up women's health nursing center. The subjects were 1080 women selected by stratified and purposive sampling. The data were collected by self reporting questionnaire and interview from May to June, 1998. Data were analyzed by SPSS win program. The results were as follows : 1. The range of age was 18-84 years, The proportion according to women's lifecycle was premarital group 20.0%, delivery and rearing group 49.9%, over middle aged-elderly group 29.8%. 2. The mean menarchial age was 15.2 and menopausal age was 48. Mean frequenices of pregnancy is 2.4 and artificical abortion rate is 36.4%. Primary cause of abortion was unwanted babies 42.8%. The practice rate of family planning was 79.4% and permanent sterilization rate was 37.6%. 3. Fatigue was predominated problem in target population. Depression and headache was predominated in premarital group, headache and nervous felling in delivery and rearing group, arthritis and loss of memory in over middle aged-elderly group. 4. Only 13.7% of the target population make some efforts for their health in compare to 85.9% have attention for their health. Perception of unhealthy rate was 9.1% in premarital group, 24.8% in delivery and rearing group, 30.1% in middle aged-elderly group. 5. The average score of the HPLP(Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile) was 2.41. The variable with the highest degree of performance was interpersonal relationship, whereas the one with the lowest degree was the professional health maintenance. The significant difference was found in HPLP according to age, residential area, marital status, educational level, income level. 6. Majority(95.1%) of the target population agreed on necessity for women's health nursing center. Proper location area was presented to women's center and public health center. The priority for health education program was proper diet, family health, stress management, and exercise. In conclusion, we should prepare the education program for women's health according to women's lifecycle, because health perception, HPLP, and education program needed was differentiated in women's lifecycle. Also we suggest that women's health nursing center based community was needed for proper management of women's health.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.283-300
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to grasp health-promoting behavior of the elderly and to identify variables related to them in order to facilitate nursing intervention for health promotion of this population. The subjects for this study were 291 old persons obtained by cluster sampling from twenty general social welfare centers located in Tague. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from August 13 to September 13, 1996. Questionnaires were developed based on Sherer and others' Self-Efficacy scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem scale, Wallston and other's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Northern illinois University's Helath Self Rating Scale, Walker and others' Health Promotion Lifestyles Profile. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple regression, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, MANOVA, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. For the practice of health-promoting behavior, the mean score was 2.89 and range was 3.59 to 2.09. The factor of the highest mean score was regular diet(M=3.42) and factor of the lowest mean score as stress management(M=2.27). 2. The combination of self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, family number, and average monthly pocket money explained 30.0% of the variance of health-promoting behavior. 3. With regard to the relationship between health-promoting behavior and cognitive perceptual factor, self-efficacy correlated positively with health-promoting behavior(r=.4951, P=.0001), self-esteem correlated positively(r=.3263, P=.0001), internal health locus of control correlated positively(r=.3244, P=.0001), perceived health status correlated positively(r=.1355, P=.0274). 4. According to age(F=2.50, P=.0431), sex(t=2.14, P=.0332), marital status(F=7.85, P=.0005), education(F=5.44, P=.0003), family number(F=11.18, P=.0001), people living together(F=7.21, P=.0009), previous occupation(F=5.83, P=.0001), average monthly pocket money(F=7.27, P=.0001), there were differences of health-promoting behavior. The above findings show that health-promoting behavior are related to demographic characteristics, four cognitive perceptual factors(self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived health status). On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made ; 1. Nursing interventions enhancing exercise or activity, accountability for health, stress management of the elderly must be provided. 2. Nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy which is most significant effect on health-promoting behavior must be developed.