• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.593-600
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• 1996

To investigate the dining habits in relation to Kimchi for the Koreans in Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS), a survey was conducted to 199 Koreans living in Moscow, Sahalin, Uzbekistan, and Kazakstan. Most of the respondents answered that thor keep the Korean food lifestyle, and especially the old age group and Koreans in Sahalin showed higher ratio for Korean food lifestyle. In the Kimchi preference and Kimchi consumption, 85.9% of the respondents like Kimchi because Kimchi is our traditional food and its taste is good, and 95% of them consumed Kimchi once or more everyday. In the kinds of Kimchi, 99% of the respondents had experiences in eating or seeing Chinese cabbage Kimchi, 91.5% cucumber Kimchi, 88.4% cabbage Kimchi, 82.4% white water Kimchi, 75.4% sikhae, respectively, while the frequencies of kakdugi, chonggak Kimchi, and leek Kimchi were relatively low. In connection with the utilization of Kimchi, many respondents answered that Kimchi is sometimes used in cooking of Kimchi cchigae or Kimchi bokkum. Most of Russians like Kimchi in spite of the hot taste and it shows the possibility that Kimchi can be spread throughout foreign countries.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.39-64
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• 2020

COVID-19 is sweeping the world, and it is in crisis in all aspects of politics, economy, culture, and religion. As people experience the beginning and spread of COVID-19, wince and re-spread, the people are living in anxiety and depression. Because of the COVOD-19 crisis, Korean churches were unable to provide on-site worship, and online worship began, and churches that started on-site worship also performed online worship. In the case of church schools, the functions of fellowship and education were paralyzed and many are offering online Sunday service only. Many people eagerly want to go back to what it was before COVID-19, but it seems difficult because COVID-19 has become a global issue and a pandemic situation. We can't wait to get better out of this. In the COVID-19 crisis, the church was unable to properly handle the church's original work and to fully fulfill the mission of education. The response of many churches was to postpone the planned ministry to the second half of 2020. Now, we should try to set a new direction and prepare specifically to move in the new direction. With this perspective, this paper studied the direction of Christian education in the post COVID-19. Specifically, the theoretical basis of the direction of Christian education in the post COVID-19 was found in the theory of Agape's encounter, Catechesis theory, and diakonia theory, and specific directions were suggested according to these theories. Specifically, based on the theory of Agape's encounter, Christian education that emphasizes the encounter with the natural environment, Christian education that emphasizes the encounter among family members, Christian education that emphasizes the encounter among citizens of the world, and Christian education that emphasizes the encounter through online were presented. Based on the Catechesis theory, Christian education copping with the attack of heresy was presented. Finally, based on the diakonia theory, Christian education of service for society and Christian education of service based on data were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.208-223
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• 2019

In this study, it was analyzed first the views of nature of elementary and middle school students using the analysis framework of the views of nature that reflects the results of the literature analysis on the traditional views of nature that Koreans traditionally have. Next, it was analyzed characteristics of the views of nature which elementary and secondary school teachers. Finally, it was discussed the implications of the results of analysis of students' and teachers' views on science education in elementary and secondary schools. For this purpose, the framework for analysis the views of nature was reconstructed by combining the characteristics of Korean's traditional views of nature (Lee & Son, 2017) with the framework developed by Cobern and his colleagues (Cobern, Gibson, & Underwood, 1995). And in order to analyze in depth how students and teachers perceive nature, each question was asked to write a reason why they thought about their responses. According to the study, students and teachers respected nature and viewed it as a living creature, and had the view that nature was cyclical and that humans and nature interacted with each other. And they also had a traditional Korean view of nature that they consider naturalness important and nature is beautiful. It can be said that this is different from the view of Western modern science which perceives the world as a material and see nature with the view of linear time. Therefore, Korea's traditional views of natures, which students and teachers have, can be a conflict with the view of modern science in science class. Therefore, the science teaching strategy for students and teachers with different natural views will require consideration of the individual's understanding of nature and lesson strategies related to it. And it is also necessary that science textbook and science class cultures need to actively interact with teachers and students, and between students to share and understand each other's view of nature, and create a science class culture that considers the values students have and views on nature.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.145-176
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• 2015

In animation, 'laughter' is an important factor for the fun. Dreamworks' animation is a successful popular animation. It has four series and spin-off animations, and settled as a successful case that created fun with strategic use of parody throughout the productions. Most preceding studies on this animation have focused on its humor, parody, and satire. However, not many studies have discussed its independent comedy as a piece of animation that satisfies the needs of public. This study considered that viewers' desire to watch an animation comes from their fantasies to discuss the comedy of based on its animated characters. Animated characters communicate with the public with wits that ignore the rules of reality. The characters that do not exist in reality are created and animated to turn the world of reality upside down. The comedy in comes from the entertaining deformation of the society's fixed ideas and prejudices. It is a fun variation of the ideology behind fairy tales created by the Disney animations to challenge Disney in the animation market in reality, and twisted the world of fairy tales in the story to quench the thirst of the public. 'Shrek', a monstrous character, stands in the center of the story. A monstrous character that always played an anti-role has become the main character to break the rule of fairy tales. This is the subjectivation of anti-character. Second, it is a new anti-character with an exaggerated and distorted body. Lord Farquad, who looks abject compared to the monstrous character for a person with so much power and ambition, brings laughter. Third, it is the variation of various characters from fairy tales. The conventional fairy tale characters, both animals and non-living things, come out of the box and appear as humorous characters that bring life to the story. uses comedy characters in the process of reinterpreting the fixed ideas, prejudices, and ideologies of the real world created by fairy tales. I hope that it helps Korean animations establish a successful format for creating characters that bring life to the stories.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2013

This study was performed in order to preserve and protect the scenic sites and surrounding environment is located in the Urban Residential Area. After classifying the type of area surrounding parcels of Seongbuk-dong is located in Seongragwon, Satisfaction Survey, scenic sites designated areas for residents living near the analyzed. Research methods, Cadastral research, literature survey, field survey, and the survey was conducted. Cultural heritage awareness about the collected questionnaires of frequency analysis, and reliability analysis for cultural heritages around satisfaction, satisfaction analysis by parcel area, parcel area for the verification of specific differences regression analysis for the full-on relationship satisfaction, one-way ANOVA was conducted for each. Overall Cultural awareness analysis results, the residence is located close to the Seoul Seonjamdanji, Seongragwon, Simujang, Sanghoe Lee Tae-Joon's houses, Seoul Hanyang castle showed that cultural heritage were know unfulfilled cultural heritage. The purpose of cultural heritage visit was to break/walks. Preservation was usually level and there is no inconvenience caused as a cultural heritage. Regulatory intensity level was usually level and showed a positive reaction to the impact of cultural heritage in Seongbuk-dong image mostly. cultural heritage have a positive impact on the image of the town. but access to cultural heritage is not easy and doesn't affect the life is expected. Overall satisfaction for cultural heritages in the surrounding space, the larger the size of the lot, and higher satisfaction. Seongbuk-dong most of the residents satisfaction was higher. Small lots of residents showed low satisfaction for safety when walking at night, heritage value rise, private ownership of heritage use, harmony with surrounding environment, Building exterior, non-physical uniqueness like culture art mental. It can be interpreted that small lots of residential environment quality is low compared to the large lots, influx of residents in other regions due to the redevelopment of one of Seongbuk-dong, private ownership of heritage use. And generally lower satisfaction on the harmonization of the facility(street lights, signs, etc.). Therefore cultural heritage signs for facility expansion, cultural educational programs, will be needed to maintain the uniqueness village when scenic sites in the city center around the area of management strategy.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.293-313
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• 2016

The target stimulating human's sensitivity can include several things; the first is human like us including beautiful women and cute babies. The next ranking is the dog animal that established itself as a human's companion. It is the 3B law(beauty, baby, beast - much used in the ad or election due to the positive image) that is widely used in the advertising. This relationship is being expressed in the art history for a long time. Dogs that have lived a history more than 10 thousand years with humans hunted, protected flock of sheep, and kept the farmer's house and property. They have been human's assistants and companion who entered into the modern urban culture. Like this, dogs have adapted to several situations endlessly such as the nomadic life, farming, country life, and urban life. This paper will explore the close relationship of humans and companion animals through various icons of dogs and pups that appeared through a number of artists' skills. The companion animal means an animal that lives with people, which means the relationship of round-trip rather than the one-way relation those each other gives a help. Therefore, there artist tries to examine the figure of great hunter for survival, highly evaluated figure as the royal dignity, and the mascot-like figure delivering the daily happiness to modern people as presenting joy through a discussion of the 'countenance', a visual signal of the dogs and pups. They have been influenced by screen and popular media in 20C. Snoopy, a main character of and the movie <101 Dalmatians> made a success on the theater and television when Beagle and Dalmatian were prevalent. These main characters make audience feel happy involuntarily. Like this, the continuous and old friendship of the human and dogs will be confirmed again through the icon of dogs and pups consisting of the communication of artists and readers in the modern shape art, and it is hoped to be a psychological stabilizing effect to modern people living in the intense modern society. Therefore, it is expected this study paper will be reborn as a new text and be expanded as an effective communication in the journey of dogs and human in the future in investigating the communion of dogs and human.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

1. Objectives: Though the eating habits have improved and the living method has become convenient according to the economic growth thanks to the modern industrialization, because of the lack of exercise, obesity, wrong eating habits and stress etc, various symptoms of disease of adults are on the rise. This is the phenomenon that happens as the eating life has become life in the West along with the inundation of the western culture in our society. In this perspective, there has been many various clinical research that's been proceeded so far about the physical constitution and obesity, but there has been little research on the objective analysis of the clinical research about the alimentotherapy using taeeumjoweetang. 2. Methods: In this research we have checked the weights, fat rates, fat weight, abdominal fat rate, blood pressure, and BMI over the objects of the women that were diagnosed as lunisolar system as their physical constitution, and assessed the paramecium lipid, in-blood antioxidation enzyme and the damage of oxidization in the urine by physical constitution-specific of the body shapes that were determined by BMI. The statistical analysis of the current research was processed by using of SPSS 17.0 program. We have figure out statistical amounts such as the arithmetic average, average deviation rate and percentage number. Fro the verification of he significancy of each elements, we have used the paired t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test at the level of p<0.05. 3. Results and Conclusions: Their characteristics are age $21.20{\pm}1.35$, height $160.30{\pm}6.11cm$, weight $64.66{\pm}8.72kg$, fat rates are $35.97{\pm}4.87%$, fat amount $23.40{\pm}5.48$, abdominal fat rate $0.823{\pm}0.03$, BMI $25.12{\pm}2.79kg/m^2$, and systolic blood pressure $111.60{\pm}10.28mmHg$ and diastolic blood pressure $68.60{\pm}7.43mmHg$ and we have let them take the medicine twice a day for 8 weeks. The clinical result for the Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, SGOT, SGPT, of the object people was that for the function of the liver, the result of the SGOT and SGPT test was $17.16{\pm}3.05$, $15.00{\pm}2.99IU/L$, which was a decrease, and had statistical meaning, but for the SGOT, though the figure reduced to $11.92{\pm}4.61$, $10.80{\pm}3.07$, it had no statistical meaning. For the whole cholesterol level, the figure reduced to $169.00{\pm}19.95$, $160.08{\pm}22.52$ mg/dL and had statistical significance(p<0.05). Neuter fat number, Triglyceride has slightly increased to $67.52{\pm}36.32$, $68.08{\pm}47.33$ mg/dL but did not have any statistical meaning. The antioxdant enzyme marker standard marker, SOD has increased to $2.52{\pm}0.73$, $2.86{\pm}0.60U/ml$, and had statistical significance(p<0.01). Catalase also increased by $0.63{\pm}0.18$, $1.07{\pm}0.25mmol/ml$ and had statistical meaning(p<0.01). GPx also increased to $204.76{\pm}32.64$ nmol/ml and had statistical meaning(p<0.01). But, for the Total antioxidant, though it has raised to $1.51{\pm}0.26$, $1.57{\pm}0.17nmol/{\mu}l$, it did not have any statistical meaning. MDA of oxidative stress marker has decreased to $1.70{\pm}0.68{\mu}g/ml$, $1.21{\pm}0.50{\mu}g/m$ and had statistical significance(p<0.01). 8-OHdG also decreased $3.35{\pm}0.95ng/ml$, $2.21{\pm}0.50ng/ml$ and had statistical meaning(p<0.01). In this research, we have analyzed the various markers relating to BFM and changes in oxidative enzyme in blood by takingtaeeumjoweetang. Taeeumjoweetang has the positive effect on inbody antioxidant system and reducing the content of cholesterol, which is proven to help losing weight and improving hyperlipidemia statistically. With this research, we hope to improve the lifestyle of those who are either obese or need to manage their dietary habits, and also to become the touchstone of integrating Oriental Medicine with the science of food & nutrition.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.266-273
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• 2009

Use of plant growth promoting symbiotic and non-symbiotic free-living beneficial bacteria as external source of nitrogen is a major research concern for sustainable crop production in the $21^{st}$ century. In view of this, an experiment was conducted under controlled conditions to determine the effects of inoculation with Methylobacterium suomiense CBMB120, a plant growth promoting (PGP) root and shoot colonizer on red pepper, for the purpose of reducing external chemical nitrogen fertilization. Amendments with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the form of NPK were made at dosages of 50%, 75% and 100%, at 425 and $115kg/ha^{-1}$ measurements. The soil type used was loam, with a pH of 5.13. The growth responses were measured as plant height at 19, 36 and 166 days after transplantation and final biomass production after 166 days. It was found that inoculation with M. suomiense CBMB120 promotes plant height increase during the active growth phase at 19 and 36 days by 14.17% and 10.03%, respectively. Thereafter, the bacteria inoculated plantlets showed canopy size increment. A highly significant inoculation effect on plant height at p<0.01 level was found for 100% level of organic matter and chemical amendment in red pepper plantlets after 36 days and 19 days from transplantation. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher (10.30% and 6.84%) dry biomass accumulation in M. suomiense CBMB120 inoculated plants compared to un-inoculated ones. A 25% reduction in the application of chemical nitrogen can be inferred with inoculation of M. suomiense CBMB120 at with comparable results to that of 100% chemical fertilization alone. Enumeration of total bacteria in rhizosphere soil confirms that the introduced bacteria can multiply along ther hizosphere soil. Large scale field study may lead to the development of M. suomiense CBMB120 as an efficient biofertilizer.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke, chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by these environmental facts play critical roles in cellular damage. These irritants are in themselves damaging to the skin structure but they also participate the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin cell protective effect of Juniperus chinensis xylem extract on the UV and SLS-induced skin cell damages. We tested free radical and superoxide scavenging effect in vitro. We found that Juniperus chinensis xylem extracts had potent radical scavenging effect by 98％ at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Fluorometric assays of the proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-l(MMP-1, collagenase) were performed using fluorescent collagen substrates. UV A induced MMP-1 synthesis and activity were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gelatin-based zymography in skin fibroblasts. The extract of Juniperus chinensis showed strong inhibitory effect on MMP-1 activities by 97％ at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL and suppressed the UVA induced expression of MMP-1 by 79％ at 25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. This extract also showed strong inhibition on MMP-2 activity in UVA irradiated fibroblast by zymography. We also examined anti-inflammatory effects by the determination test of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 in HaCaT keratinocytes. In this test Juniperus chinensis decreased expression of interleukin 6 about 30％. Expression of prostaglandin E$_2$, (PGE$_2$) after UVB irradiation was measured by competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using PGE$_2$ monoclonal antibody. At the concentrations of 5-50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of the extracts, the production of PGE$_2$ by HaCaT keratinocytes (24 hours after 10 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ UVB irradiation) was significantly inhibited in culture supernatants (p〈0.05). The viability of cultured HaCaT keratinocytes was significantly reduced at the doses of above 10 mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ of UVB irradiation, but the presence of these extracts improved cell viability comparing to control after UVB irradiation. We also investigated the protective effect of this extract in sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-induced irritant skin reactions from 24 hour exposure. Twice a day application of the extract for reducing local inflammation in human skin was done. Irritant reactions were assessed by various aspects of skin condition, that is, erythema (skin color reflectance) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). After 5 days the extract was found to reduce SLS-induced skin erythema and improve barrier regeneration when compared to untreated symmetrical test site. In conclusion, our results suggest that Juniperus chinensis can be effectively used for the prevention of UV and SLS-induced adverse skin reactions such as radical production, inflammation and skin cell damage.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.505-513
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• 2009

Streptococcus mutans plays a major role in the formation of dental plaque and it is considered one of the important pathogens in the development of dental caries. Established dental plaque can be more resistant to antimicrobial agents and offers nutrient rich and relatively stable cariogenic conditions for bacteria. Thus bacteria growing in dental plaque have strong resistance to antimicrobial agents and they are not removed easily by the flow of saliva. Many researchers have been performed using natural materials, especially herbal extracts to prevent dental plaque. However, the strains of mutans streptococci used in the researches were not from Koreans. Therefore, it would be necessary to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts against clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans isolated from saliva of Koreans living in Jeollabuk-do. For this study four clinical isolates were isolated from saliva samples of seventeen Korean people to investigate whether essential oils of Artemisia spp. have antimicrobial activity against them including four reference strains of Streptococcus mutans. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, Minimum bactericidal concentrations and time kill studies were performed and the results showed that Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC, Artemisia scoparia, and Artemisia capillaries have antimicrobial activity against the Streptococcus mutans clinical isolates and reference strains.