• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.356-359
• /
• 2000

The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of seeds and various seed fractions of different varieties of cotton (MNH 147, CIM 240, NIAB 78, FH 87, CIM 109, MNH 93, FH 682, GOHAR 87, SLS I and B 557). Linter, hull, kernel and meal were obtained from cottonseed by physical and chemical methods. Free gossypol and available lysine contents of seed and it's fractions were determined. In vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed meal was also determined. Free gossypol and available lysine contents ranged between 0.22-2.26% and 0.64-1.32% in seed, and 0.03-0.29% and 1.38-2.36% in meal, respectively. FH 87 was highest both in free gossypol and available lysine content, and NIAB 78 was lowest in free gossypol content and FH 862 was lowest in available lysine content. In vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed meal ranged between 66,02-79,96%. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) varietal differences in free gossypol, available lyslne and in vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed and derived products.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.175-193
• /
• 1997

The agricultural development of Korea has occurred at the expense of natural resources and environmental quality, and, today, one of the most urgent problem in the practices of intensive livestock farming is disposing of the animal wastewater. As a result, soil and water degradation and other environmental deterioration become apparent and they cause long-term loss in agricultural production. This paper attempted to summarize the environmental problems associated with agricultural activities, and to get some implications to minimize agricultural environment problems. It is proposed that sustainable agricultural is one of desirable directions for future Korean agriculture. The goal of the sustainable agricultural effort is to utilize the potential environmental quality problem. Agricultural operations may be more dependent upon the production practices and waste management techniques utilized by farmers than the size of the operation, the number of animal fed, or amount of waste involved. Also low-input farming technology can be suggested one of them, and disposing system of agricultural residues and animal waste should be developed with intensive concerns and financial supports.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2017

The use of practical management factors to maximize pig health improvement cannot guarantee freedom from diseases. Moreover, because of health safety concerns, the use of antibiotics has been restricted in livestock, including pigs. Therefore, the swine industry has been looking for various alternatives to antibiotics to improve pig's health and performance. Clay is a dietary factor generally accepted for improving pig health. It is a naturally occurring material and is primarily composed of fine-grained minerals. It has a specific structure with polar attraction. Because of this structure, clay has the ability to lose or gain water reversibly. In addition, clay has beneficial physiological activities. First, clay has anti-diarrheic and antibacterial effects by penetrating the cell wall of bacteria or inhibiting their metabolism. Second, it can protect the intestinal tract by absorbing toxins, bacteria, or even viruses. When added to the diet, clay has also been known to bind some mycotoxins, which are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi, namely in cereal grains. Those beneficial effects of clay can improve pigs' health and performance by reducing pathogenic bacteria, especially pathogenic Escherichia coli, in the intestinal tract. Therefore, it is suggested that clay has a remarkable potential as an antibiotics alternative.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2013

Animal and crop production systems were integrated on a single farm. This integrated farming system recycled nutrients on the farm. The separation of animal and crop production with the introduction of cheap commercial fertilizers, farms were not used land-applied manure. The on-line manure matching is one of the emerging business in the achievement of recycling and resource recovery. The manure matching actively promotes the reuse and recycling of by-products and manure. This study constructs to manure matching information system to solve the exchange problems between herders and croppers. Manure matching web sites designed. This paper introduces a web-based animal manure matching system. A manure matching service, part of the manure transport, links farmers who produce excess manure with farmers who can use the manure. Farmers registered with the service have requested manure. The manure matching service supports the transport project by linking farmers with excess manure with those farmers who can utilize the manure safely as a nutrient source. The goal of the service is to protect water quality by fostering efficient land application. Benefits to those who use the manure network include reduced disposal costs, lower purchase costs and recycling of manure. The manure matching is based on the principle that 'one persons waste is another person's fertilizer.' It provides a free online matchmaking service for environmentally safe manure recycling management system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.1280-1284
• /
• 2003

The number of protozoa and VFA content in the rumen fluid, in situ disappearance and turnover rate were examined with four rumen-fistulated cattle given either sugarcane stalk or Ruzi grass hay in order to clarify the manner of rumen digestion of sugarcane stalk. Cattle were given either sugarcane stalk or Ruzi grass hay at 1.0% of body weight level with commercial concentrate feed. Feeding sugarcane stalk reduced acetate content and increased propionate and butyrate contents in rumen fluid. While rapidlysoluble fraction of sugarcane stalk was 42%, the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction was only 17%. This clearly showed that sugarcane stalk mainly consisted of water soluble fraction (i.e. sugar) and tough fiber (i.e. bagasse). The ruminal degradation rate of both Ruzi grass hay and sugarcane stalk was lower in the animal given sugarcane stalk in comparison with those given Ruzi grass hay. While the turnover rate of liquid phase was about 50% higher in the animals given sugarcane stalk than in the animals given Ruzi grass hay, that of the solid phase was about 40% lower in the animals given sugarcane stalk. The effective degradability of DM of sugarcane stalk was higher than that of Ruzi grass hay. Sugarcane would be a promising roughage for ruminants in the tropics especially, in the dry season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.1162-1172
• /
• 2000

The research was conducted to quantify farm and household characteristics of sheep farmers, evaluate farmer access to and the effectiveness of livestock services in sheep farming areas, and examine regional constraints to improving sheep productivity and profitability in Nepal. A rapid diagnostic socioeconomic survey of 200 sheep farmers was carried out in 1996 and all four ecological regions (Trans-Himalayan, Mountains, Hills and Terai), each with a distinct local sheep breed, were represented in the survey. Six major constraints were identified: (a) poor performance of local sheep breeds, (b) a serious seasonal deficit of pasture and other feed, (c) the lack of an organized market for wool and meat, (d) poor access to agricultural credit, (e) primitive shearing equipment, and (f) an inadequate supply of drinking water for sheep. Strategies to assist farmers develop their sheep management skills, improve access and quality of support services, improved technology adaptable to local conditions and effective linkages with local carpet and meat industry are likely to overcome the constraints and alleviate persistent poverty faced by sheep farmers in Nepal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.900-904
• /
• 2002

The duration of spatial memory in cattle is potentially important for grazing management. The ability of livestock to remember the location of food patches may lead to uneven range use. In this experiment, how long cattle are able to remember food locations was determined. Six steers were used to conduct this study in a pasture with an 8 row by 8 column grid of 64 plastic containers 5 meters apart. Four randomly chosen containers were loaded with feed pellets. All steers were trained to find the loaded locations until a minimum of empty containers were visited. After this initial training, each steer was tested at 5, 10, 20 and 48 days post-training. Total number of visits (TV), number of containers visited (NC), the ratio of loaded containers (LC) to NC were recorded. Once the steers learned the locations of loaded containers NC did not increase with time since last training up to 48 days (p>0.05). Logarithmic transformation of NC (LNC) was 0.70 and 0.80 for the control and 48 day treatments, respectively. Steers were equally efficient in locating containers with feed. The steers also showed that their ability in locating food was much better than expected by chance (Z>1.62). Findings of the present study do not suggest using spatial memory decay as a tool to promote better grazing distribution. Because steers remembered food locations accurately for at least 48 days.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.236-240
• /
• 2013

A total of 170 litters (575 samples) of aborted and stillbirth fetuses submitted to the Gyeongsangbuk-Do Veterinary Service Laboratory (GVSL) between January 2006 and December 2010 from pig farms in Gyeongbuk province were studied to identify porcine abortion- and stillbirth-associated viruses such as Porcine parvovirus (PPV), Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMCV), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Aujeszky's Disease Virus (ADV). Virus was not detected by PCR in 36 litters, but viral antibody was detected by HI and ELISA in 93 litters. The majority of etiological viruses were PPV (67 litters, 39.4%), EMCV (50 litters, 29.4%), PRRSV (15 litters, 8.8%), and JEV (11 litters, 6.5%); ADV was not detected by either PCR or ELISA. Single infection occurred in 52 litters (30.6%), co-infection occurred in 41 litters (24.1%), and unknown cases with no detection of any of the five viruses occurred in 77 litters (45.3%).

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.851-858
• /
• 2012

This study conducted a result analysis on operation of 26 Rural Community Sewage Treatment Plant (RCSTP) newly constructed in Yeong-yang, Bong-hwa and An-dong areas which are located at the upper region of An-dong Dam and Im-ha Dam. Based on operation result, an analysis on characteristics of sewage in each area and the treatment efficiency of the installed treatment process was conducted. The result of analysis on characteristics of sewage has shown the difference in concentration of the sewage according to area characteristics. Sewage in areas with frequent occurrence of agricultural water and livestock wastewater had high concentration. It is important to select the most suitable treatment process when selecting a treatment process for RCSTP according to properties of sewage in each area. As a result of operation, the disposal efficiency for organic matter and suspended solids was stable with less fluctuation, but the disposal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus showed high fluctuation. This signifies that it is necessary to pay attention to operation condition management of nitrogen and phosphorus when operating RCSTP.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 1987

Information is needed on the plant characteristics affects by forage removal and their relationships to grain yield of italian ryegrass in order to combine herbage seed crop management and livestock farming. This study with tetraploid cv. Tetrone was carried out on the experimental field of Haenam Branch Station. treatments included two different seeding time, cutting time and frequency. Seeds were sown in row 50 cm width within the rows. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Fresh and dry matter were increased significantly in plots defoliated lately and many times but seed yield components were decreased significantly in plots defoliated in spring. 2. Autumn defoliation had no significant effect on the seed yield but seed yield were decreased significantly in plots defoliated later than 8 April. 3. Excess vegetative growth can be removed in autumn and early spring without harm to the seed crop and the most important aspect of its removal is the timing of the operation. 4. Seed yield reductions were accompanied by the decrease of inflorescences,seeds/spike, and thousand seeds weight, due to an increase in apex removal of vigorous tillers by late cutting.