• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제17권sup호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2011

In this study, researches on the development of country specific greenhouse gas measurement and sampling methods from the livestock sector were reviewed. Research on greenhouse gas emission factors was started in early 2000 but was not actively involved in the development of livestock sector based emission factor: since 2009, works are underway for the development of livestock sector based emission factor. Most of the research on greenhouse gas emission in the field of animal studies were done by National Institute of Animal Science, because of the uniqueness of the research laboratories. Methods of emission measurement are still not internationally certified and therefore, measurement and sampling methods for Korea livestock sector are being studied, consulting the worldwide research trends. Flux chamber method are commonly using in Korea for green house gas emission factors measurement. In recent years, continuous measurement of the microclimate was introduced to measure greenhouse gases from livestock manure storage facilities and the micrometeorology method should be adapted as recommended by Intergovernmental Penal on Climate Change (IPCC) Guideline.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2012

Agriculture activities account for 58% of total anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) with global warming potential of 298 times as compared to carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) on molecule to molecule basis. Quantifying $N_2O$ from managed soil is essential to develop national inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of the study was to compare $N_2O$ emission from livestock compost applied arable land with that for fertilizer treatment. The study was conducted for two years by cultivating Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in Chuncheon, Gangwon-do. Accumulated $N_2O$ emission during cultivation of Chinese cabbage after applying livestock compost was slightly greater than that for chemical fertilizer. Slightly greater $N_2O$ emission factor for livestock compost was observed than that for chemical fertilizer possibly due to lump application of livestock compost before crop cultivation compared with split application of chemical fertilizers and enhanced denitrification activity through increased carbon availability by organic matter in livestock compost.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

우리나라는 1998년도에 가축 사육두수가 감소되고 축산물 소비가 둔화되는 등 어려운 점이 많았으나 2012년까지 장기전망으로는 가축 사육두수가 축종에 관계없이 완만하게 상승될 전망이다. 분뇨분해에 의한 아산화질소 배출량은 고유의 분뇨처리시설 유형 점유형태에 대한 자료를 가지고 IPCC (2000)에서 제시하는 조건별 $N_2O$ emission factor 적용하여 산출하였으며 기준년도인 1990년도에 3.71 Gg이었으며 2005, 2010, 2015 및 2020년도에 5.84, 6.07, 6.23 및 6.53Gg으로 각각 추정되었고 기준년도에 비해 2005, 2010, 2015 및 2020년도에는 각각 57.4, 63.6, 67.9 및 76.0% 증가할 것으로 전망되었다. 아산화질소 배출을 줄이면 메탄배출이 오히려 증가하는 특성이 있어 아직까지는 아산화질소 배출저감을 위한 수단이 미약한 실정이며 추후 기술적인 검토가 필요하며 IPCC의 고정값을 사용한 것을 고유의 값으로 교체해야 하는 등 배출계수 (emission factor)의 정확도를 제고시켜나가야 한다는 과제를 안고 있다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2015

This study estimates Korea's livestock energy consumption and GHG emissions from Korean livestock sector. The results show that livestock energy consumption in 2013 is 474 thousand TOE, 19.0% of total energy consumption in agriculture sector. It is estimated that GHG emission of fuel combustion from livestock sector is 956 thousand tons of $CO_2$ equivalent while a total of 4,589 thousand tons of $CO_2$ equivalent is emitted from agriculture sector. The livestock GHG emission as a proportion of the total agriculture GHG emissions (20.8%) is higher than the livestock energy consumption as a proportion of agriculture energy consumption (19.0%). This is because coal and petroleum consumption in livestock sector as a proportion of the total livestock energy consumption is higher than that in agriculture sector.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

This research was conducted to examine the temporal methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission trends in livestock agriculture from year 1990 to 2011 with Tier 1 national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory reporting method, which was related to efforts of decreasing GHG emissions and to achievement of voluntary GHG mitigation target. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation were calculated with default $CH_4$ emission factors of IPCC. Methane and $N_2O$ emissions from manure treatment processes were calculated with Tier 1 and mixture of Tier 1 and Tier 2 including $N_2O$ emission factors of manure treatment systems and nitrogen excretion rate of livestock, respectively. According to 2013 National GHG Inventory Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification report, GHG emission fluctuations from enteric fermentation and manure treatment processes were similarto livestock head fluctuation. GHG emissions from enteric fermentation were mainly affected by beef cattle including Hanwoo, while manure treatment processes were affected by various livestock.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2003

본 연구는 우리나라에서 가축 장내발효에 의한 메탄배출 통계 기반을 구축하기 위해 수행되었다. 메탄 배출량을 추정하기 위해 가축은 소, 돼지, 가금, 면양, 산양으로 대분류하였고, 소는 한우와 젖소로 분류하여 각각 한우 송아지, 한우 비육우, 한우 번식우, 젖소 송아지, 젖소 비육우, 착유우로 세분류하였다. Tier 2 방법에 의한 메탄 배출계수는 각 세분류 집단의 가축의 생산성, 생체중, 도체중, 일당 증체량, 소화율을 근거로 하여 산출되었다. 한우의 배출계수는 39～49kg/head/year 정도로 IPCC에서 제시한 Tier 1의 47kg/head/year과 유사한 수준이었고, 젖소의 배출계수는 107 kg/head/year로 Tier 1 배출계수, 118kg/head/ year 보다 다소 낮게 나타났다. Tier 2 방법으로 추정한 가축 장내발효에 의한 메탄 배출량은 2001년, 총 126.8톤이었고 각 세분류별 메탄 배출량은 한우, 젖소, 돼지, 면양, 산양, 말에서 각각 61.70, 47.76, 13.08, 2.25, 0.17, 0.01 톤으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 온실가스 배출추정 방법으로, Tier 1을 Tier 2로 대체하므로써 우리나라 가축 장내발효에 의한 메탄배출 통계의 정확성과 신뢰성이 개선된 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.377-398
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• 2007

The objectives of this thesis were to search for effective methods of the livestock manure management through analysis of the livestock manure management cost and prepare for cuts in greenhouse gases emission by applying CDM in the fields of livestock in 2013. In the situation where most farmhouses are disposing the pig manure by ocean disposal, it is urgent to make an alternative plan since ocean disposal will be prohibited from 2012. Biogasplant is being highlighted from the point that can produce heat and electricity by using methane generated when the manure is disposed, and that can produce barnyard manure and liquid manure. As biogasplant generates energy using methane, it will contribute to decreasing global warming with the effect of greenhouse gases reduction, and trading emission reductions through CDM will result in creating revenue.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2014

Many studies on methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from livestock industries have revealed that livestock production directly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation and manure management, which causes negative impacts on animal environment sustainability. In the present study, three essential values for GHG emission were measured; i.e., i) maximum $CH_4$ producing capacity at mesophilic temperature ($37^{\circ}C$) from anaerobically stored manure in livestock category ($B_{0,KM}$, Korean livestock manure for $B_0$), ii) $EF_{3(s)}$ value representing an emission factor for direct $N_2O$ emissions from manure management system S in the country, kg $N_2O-N$ kg $N^{-1}$, at mesophilic ($37^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic ($55^{\circ}C$) temperatures, and iii) $N_{ex(T)}$ emissions showing annual N excretion for livestock category T, kg N $animal^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$, from different livestock manure. Static incubation with and without aeration was performed to obtain the $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ emissions from each sample, respectively. Chemical compositions of pre- and post- incubated manure were analyzed. Contents of total solids (% TS) and volatile solid (% VS), and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decrease significantly in all the samples by C-containing biogas generation, whereas moisture content (%) and pH increased after incubation. A big difference of total nitrogen content was not observed in pre- and post-incubation during $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions. $CH_4$ emissions (g $CH_4$ kg VS-1) from all the three manures (sows, layers and Korean cattle) were different and high C/N ratio resulted in high $CH_4$ emission. Similarly, $N_2O$ emission was found to be affected by % VS, pH, and temperature. The $B_{0,KM}$ values for sows, layers, and Korean cattle obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ are 0.0579, 0.0006, and 0.0828 $m^3$ $CH_4$ kg $VS^{-1}$, respectively, which are much less than the default values in IPCC guideline (GL) except the value from Korean cattle. For sows and Korean cattle, $N_{ex(T)}$ values of 7.67 and 28.19 kg N $yr^{-1}$, respectively, are 2.5 fold less than those values in IPCC GL as well. However, $N_{ex(T)}$ value of layers 0.63 kg N $yr^{-1}$ is very similar to the default value of 0.6 kg N $yr^{-1}$ in IPCC GLs for National greenhouse gas inventories for countries such as South Korea/Asia. The $EF_{3(s)}$ value obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ were found to be far less than the default value.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1022-1028
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• 2005

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the environmental load of two different concentrate feed supply systems to the Japanese domestic livestock industry using the Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) method. The current system was defined as that requiring 11.469 million tons of corn imported from the US by sea transport and supplied as concentrate feed to the Japanese domestic livestock industry. The new system proposed by Kaku et al. in 2004 was defined as where 802,830 tons of US imported corn would not be planted in US and would be replaced by barley planted in 278 thousand ha of Japanese domestic land left fallow for the past year. In this case, 909,000 tons of domestic harvest barley would have been supplied as concentrate feed to the Japanese domestic livestock industry in 2000. The activities taken into account within the two system boundaries were three stages: concentrate feed production, feed transportation and gas emission from the soil by chemical fertilizer. Finished compost was regarded as organic fertilizer and was put instead of chemical fertilizers within the system boundary. Adoption of this new concentrate feed supply system by the Japanese domestic livestock industry could reduce 78,462 tons $CO_2$-equivalents of global warming potential, 347 tons $SO_2$-equivalents of acidification potential, 54 tons $PO_4$-equivalents of eutrophication potential and 0.842 million GJ as energy consumption below 2,000 levels. This LCA study comparing two Japanese domestic livestock concentrate feed supply systems showed that the stage of feed transport contributed most to global warming and the stage of emission from the soil contributed most to acidification and eutrophication. The Japanese domestic livestock industry could participate in emissions trading with $CO_2$-equivalents reduced by shifting from some imported US corn as a concentrate feed to domestic barley planted in land left fallow. In that case the Japanese government could launch emissions trading in accordance with Kyoto Protocol in the future.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2021

시설재배지에서 토양 양분으로 유기농업자재인 가축분 종류별 퇴비를 밑거름으로 처리한 후 발생하는 N₂O와 딸기의 생육 특성을 조사하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 가축분퇴비는 돈분과 우분, 계분을 원료로 하여 각각 만들어진 제품을 사용하였고, 딸기 표준시비량의 질소를 기준으로 단독 그리고 혼합 처리하였다. N₂O의 총배출량은 무기질비료 처리구와 비교하여 계분퇴비 처리구에서 10.7% 많았으나 다른 가축분퇴비 처리구에서는 16.5~41.9% 적게 배출되었다. N₂O가 주로 배출되는 기간은 비료살포 후 17일차까지로 전체 배출량의 70~87%를 차지하였고, 이후 158일간 13~30%가 발생하였다. N₂O 배출량은 토양의 NH₄⁺-N 함량과 부의 상관성을 나타내었다. 딸기의 생육 중 엽수, 엽폭, 관부직경은 처리구간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고, 엽장은 무기질비료 처리구보다 가축분퇴비 처리구에서 컸으며, SPAD 값은 우분퇴비와 계분퇴비를 혼합하여 시용한 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 딸기 과실의 무게와 당도는 처리구간 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.