• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.444-449
• /
• 2003

To investigate the long term effect of buchu (Chinese chives) diet on ROS formation in the liver and stin tissue of ICR mice, one of control, 2% or 5% buchu-added diet was fed to ICR mice for 12 months. Superoxide anion (O2ㆍ), hydrogen peroxide($H_2O$$_2$) and hydroxyl radical (ㆍOH) contents were measured in cytosol, microsome, mitochondria of liver and skin of mice, respectively. Behu diet showed a significant decrease of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical contents in liver and skin tissues compared to control diet, and this effect is especially higer at 5% than at 2% buchu diet level. ICR mice showed an age-dependent increase in ROS contents, while the group fed buchu diet decreased its ROS contents significantly and ROS contents of liver appeared to be 2 fold higher than skin. The results of the present study suggest that antioxidative components and sulfur-compounds in buchu diet appear to be responsible for the inhibition of ROS formation in ICR mice.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.657-662
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 약쑥(Artemisia princeps Pamp) 추출물의 항산화 효능을 조사하고자, 약쑥 분획물을 이용하여 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, 활성산소종 소거능 및 간 microsome을 이용한 지질과산화 억제효과 등을 관찰하였다. 약쑥의 폴리페놀 함량 및 플라보노이드 함량은 EtOAc층에서 각각 $311.35{\mu}g/mg$ 및 $92.73{\mu}g/mg$으로 가장 높게 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거능은 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$이 $52.71{\mu}g/mg$으로 분획물 중에서 가장 높은 소거능을 보였다. Superoxideanion의 소거능은 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$은 $26.47{\mu}g/mg$으로, 합성항산화제인 BHA($IC_{50}:\;49.78{\mu}g/mg)$ 보다 항산화 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. Hydrogen peroxide 소거능은 n-BuOH층의 $IC_{50}$이 $166.44{\mu}g/mg$으로, BHA의 소거활성보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높음을 알 수 있었다. Hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능도 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$값이 $58.92{\mu}g/mg$으로, BHA($IC_{50}:\;80.85{\mu}g/mg)$보다 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높았다. NO 소거능은 EtOAc층의 $IC_{50}$이 $65.94{\mu}g/mg$으로, BHA와 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 간 microsome에서의 지질과산화 억제효과도 EtOAc층이 분획물 중에서 가장 우수하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 약쑥 분획물의 EtOAc층이 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 높음을 알 수 있었으며, 이에 따른 활성산소종 소거능 및 간 microsome을 이용한 지질과산화 억제효과도 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.859-866
• /
• 1995

본 연구에서는 액체식이로 알코올을 열량의 35%로 6주간 섭취시킨 흰주의 간조직내 지질과산화물과 glutathione 이용효소계의 활성도 및 cytochrome P-450에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 아울러 간암의 발암원으로 알려진 2-AAF를 투여하여 이들의 상호효과를 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 체중, 간무게, 그리고 체중에 대한 간무게의 알코올에 대한 효과는 유의적인 차이를 보여 체중은 알코올에 대한 효과는 유의적인 차이를 보여 체중은 알코올 섭취군이 유의적으로 감소하였고 간무게 및 체중에 대한 간무게는 알코올군의 유의적으로 증가하였다. 2. Microsome의 지질과산화물 함량 및 cytosol의 glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase 활성도는 알코올과 2-AAF 투여시 모두 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, cytosol의 glutathione S-transferase 활성도는 알코올과 2-AAF에 의해서 모두 유의적으로 증가하였고 알코올 섭추와 함께 투여시 GST 활성도가 가장 많이 증가하였다. 3. Microsome의 cytochrome P-450 및 cytochrome b5 함량에 대한 알코올 효과는 cytochrome P-450 함량을 증가시키는 경향이 있고 cytochrome b5는 유의적인 증가를 보여 주었으며 2-AAF 투여 역시 cytochrome P-450의 유의적인 증가를 유도하였다. 따라서 알코올 섭취와 2-AAF 함께 투여 시 cytochrome P-450의 함량이 대조군의 약 2.2배 정도 증가하였으며 cytochrome b5 함량이 1.7배로 높이 증가하였다. 이는 2-AAF가 cytochrome P-450을 유도하여 자신의 대사를 촉진시키며 알코올의 섭취 또한 2-AAF의 hydroxylation을 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과에서 과량의 알코올을 만성적으로 섭취시 간조직내의 microsome의 MFO system에 영향을 미쳐서 발암물질의 생체 활성화를 촉진시킬 수 있고 또한 GST의 활성도를 증가시키므로 어느 정도 발암과정에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.967-975
• /
• 1995

To investigate effects of dietary fish oil and vitamin E level on the tissue levels of vitamin E and vitamin A and to see which tissue is sensitive to lipid peroxidizability, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed experimental diets composed of either menhaden oil or soybean oil nad either low(equivalent to 17 mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) or high (equivalent to 140mg $\alpha$-tocopherol) vitamin E level for 4 weeks. Palsma TBARS per mg lipid was significantly elevated in rats fed fish oil with low vitamin E level compared to soybean oil-fed rats. TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsomes were also increased by feeding fish oil with low vitamin E level. Plasma TBARS level was significantly correlated with TBARS levels of liver, heart, kidney and liver microsome. Plasma vitamin E level of groups with vitamin E supplementation was elevated significantly as compared to the those without vitamin E supplementation, whereas vitamin E levels of liver, heart and kidney were not changed significantly. Plasma TBARS was negatively correlated with plasma vitamin E(r=0.5763, P<0.001) and A(r=-0.4523, P<0.01) and seems to be a good indicator of in vivo lipid peroxidative stress.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제59권5호
• /
• pp.201-206
• /
• 2015

The aim of the present study was to optimize in vitro method for the prediction of drug-induced liver injury using human liver microsomes (HLM). Cytotoxicity test of cyclophosphamide and acetaminophen in HepG2 cells cultured with HLM showed that the newly established condition using 0.375 mg/ml HLM for 24 hr incubation was comparable or more sensitive than the previously established condition using 0.75 mg/ml HLM for 12 hr incubation. Although the cytotoxic effect of troglitazone was completely attenuated by 0.75 mg/ml HLM, it was augmented by 0.375 mg/ml HLM in the presence of the NADPH-generating system. The cytotoxic effect of chlormezanone, a withdrawn drug due to hepatotoxicity in human, was increased by HLM in the presence of the NADPH-generating system. In contrast, the cytotoxic effect of methapyrilene, a withdrawn drug due to hepatotoxicity in rats, was decreased by HLM in the presence of the NADPH-generating system. The present study suggests that the optimized in vitro method using HLM can be useful for the prediction of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 1994

The mutagenic activity of four phenothiazine derivatives such as chlorpromazine, perphenazine, trifluoperazine and thioridazine in conjunction with UV-A irradiation or not based on the Ames plate incorporation test in the presence and absence of liver microsomal enzyme(S9 fraction). None of these compounds and their photo-excited were detected as mutagen in the Salmonella microsome assay with TA 98 and TA 100.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 1992

미역, 다시마 등 해조류의 주성분으로 알려진 알긴산(sodium alginate)을 0, 3, 6 및 $9\%$가 되도록 조제한 사료를 사용하여 Sprague-Dawley(SD) 웅성 흰쥐$(150\pm10g)$에 16주간 사육한 다음, 용량별 알긴산의 투여가 체중 변화와 간장의 세포막 성분으로서 미토콘드리아 및 마이크로솜 획분중의 과산화지질의 함량(malondialdehyde; n mole/mg protein) 및 과산화지표로서 peroxidizability index, 콜레스테롤과 인지질의 함량변화, 이에 따른 인지질 함량에 대한 콜레스테롤 함량의 비(Ch/Ph molar ratio), 그리고 간장의 세포막의 구성지방산 조성 등에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 몇 가지 유의성 있는 결과를 얻었다. 알긴산의 용량별$(0,\;3,\;6,\;9\%)$ 투여에 의한 체중 증가를 대조군의 136.5g을 $100\%$로 하여 비교하여 보면 3, 6 및 $9\%$의 알긴산 첨가군은 각각 $89.6\%,\;70.2\%,\;50.6\%$로 체중 증가가 유의성 있게 감소하고 있었다. 혈액과는 달리 미토콘드리아 및 마이크로 솜의 두 획분이 다같이 $6-9\%$의 알긴산 첨가군이 과산화지질의 함량을 아주 효과적으로 감소하고 있었으며, 과산화지표로서 peroxidizability index도 과산화지질의 함량과 거의 유사한 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 알긴산 무첨가의 대조군$(100\%)$ 대비 알긴산 첨가군$(3,\;6,\;9\%)$의 콜레스테롤의 함량을 비교하여 보면 미토콘드리아 획분에서는 각각$87.0\%\;, 77.5\%,\;72.3%$로, 그리고 마이크로솜 획분에서는 각각 $87.4\%\;, 68.0\%,\;68.1%$로 유의성 있게 감소하였으며, 인지질의 함량은 마이크로솜 획분에서만 $3-6\%$의 알긴산 첨가군이 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 따라서 인지질에 대한 콜레스테롤의 비(Ch/Ph molar ratio)는 두 획분에서 다같이 $3-6\%$의 알긴산 첨가군이 유의성 있게 감소하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 총지방산의 함량은 알긴산의 첨가량에 따라 유의성 있게 감소하였고, 리놀산의 함량은 $3-6\%$의 알긴산 첨가군에서 유의성 있게 증가하였으며 (p<0.005), 리놀산에 대한 아리키돈산의 비(Ara/Lino ratio)는 $3-6\%$의 알긴산 첨가군에서 현저히 감소하였다. 따라서 이상의 데이타의 결과에서 본다면 알긴산의 투여가 노화과정에 있어서 생리적 변화를 효과적으로 조절할 수 있다는 사실을 암시하고 있었다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 1988

The inhibitory effect of three polyacetylene compounds, panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on $CCl_4$induced lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by ADP-$Fe^{3+}$, NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were investigated. Their effects on lowering the lipid peroxide levels both in serum and liver and lowering the serum enzyme (GOT, GPT, LDH) activities without the $CCl_4$-induction were also determined. Male ICR mice were pretreated i.p. with polyacetylene compounds or DL-${\alpha}$-tocopherol before administration of $CCl_4$ i.p. and 20 hr after the administration of $CCl_4,$ serum and liver were analyzed. Hepatic microsome was isolated and used for the in vitro NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation system. Except for panaxynol, treatment with polyacetylenes to control mice did not reduce the levels of lipid peroxides and serum enzyme activities. Panaxynol itself inhibited lipid peroxidation in the liver of normal mice. Polyacetylene compounds protected from the $CCl_4$-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and lowered serum lipid peroxide levels. Polyacetylenes also inhibited the in virto hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol seem to be the antioxidant components which contribute the anti-aging activities of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1984

Effect of ascorbic acid on various hepatic ethanol metabolizing enzymes including alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH), the microsomal . ethanol oxidizing system(MEOS), and catalase was quantitatively evaluated in liver microsomal and cytosolic preparation from Sprague-Dowley rats. In present study, ADH activities were no changed significantly by ascorbic acid. The MEOS activity, dependent on NADPH and $O_2$, was affected by azide (inhibitor of catalase) or exogenous catalase. In the presence of ascorbic acid, ethanol oxidation by rat liver microsomal preparation reacted with NADPH-generating system was increased by up to 22.5%, but decreased when liver microsome was reacted with $H_2O_2$ generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Increase in the activity of the MEOS in the presence of ascorbic acid was greater in liver microsomal preparation pretreated with azide. Also ascorbic acid oxidized ethanol nonenzymatically. This ethanol oxidation induced by ascorbic acid was inhibited by OH radical scavengers (thiourea, sodium benzoate), but was not much affected by superoxide dismutase. From these results it was suggested that ascorbic acidcould interact directly with the MEOS, then promote the oxidation of ethanol. And, to some extent, ${\cdot}OH$-radicals or other radicals generated during the spontaneous autooxidation of ascorbic acid may be responsible for the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.1131-1136
• /
• 1999

The total contents of polyphenolics in potatoes measured by Folin Denis method were 42~76mg/100g in fresh weight. A major phenolic component contained in potato polyphenolics was identified as chlorogenic acid(3.6~15mg/100g in fresh weight). The antioxidative effects of potato polyphenolics and chlorogenic acid on the lipid peroxidation of liver microsome were studied in vivo and in vitro systems by measuring the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) and the content of urine 8 hydroxy deoxyguanosine(OHdG). The TBARS contents of liver showed an increase in the cholesterol diet compared to those in the normal diet. This trend, however, was minimized when potato polyphenolics and chlorogenic acid were supplemented in the cholesterol diet. On the other hands, urinary 8 OHdG contents showed a marked increase with the supplementation of potato polyphenolics in the cholesterol diet. However, there was a trend of marked decrease by the supplementation of chlorogenic acid. In vitro study, potato poly phenolics and chlorogenic acid effectively inhibited the formation of TBARS in liver microsomal system in a dose dependent manners. These results suggest that potato polyphenolics exerts an antioxidative activity in cholesterol fed rat liver.