• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.639-647
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• 1997

The effect of excess L-ascorbic acid(AsA) in blood, liver lipid levels and peroxidation status were investigate . Ten Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 150-200g were fed 300mg AsA/100g body weight/day, mixed into ground chow diet, for 4 weeks. And another set of then rats were fed only chow diet as the control. Average body weight gain was slightly lowered by AsA feeding without food intake change. The AsA group showed higher AsA levels in plasma and liver than the control group. In addition, the AsA group showed a higher plasma TBARS value. Liver TBARS seemed to be elevated in the AsA, but not significantly. The hemolysis of red cells tended to increase with excess AsA, accompanied by a raised GSH-Px activity and lowered total GSH levels. Plasma HDL-Chol level was increased while the levels of total Chol, LDL-plus VLDL-Chol , and triglyceride were unchanged . Atherogenic index decreased. Hepatic TG levels were also decreased, but the total amount of Chol increased slightly . Platelet TXA$_2$ production was inhibited by excess AsA feeding. Above results indicafe that oral feeding of excess AsA may be beneficial in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis ; however such practice may be detrimental for tissue lipid peroxidation and weight gain.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

Objectives : Effects of Rhizoma Alismatis extract on lipid composition and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) formation were investigated in rat fed high fat diet. Methods : Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in these experiments and housed with food and water ad libitum and Twenty rats were selected healthy over 400g body weight and fed high fat diet for 8 weeks. Rhizoma Alismatis extract was administerd at dose 100mg/kg/day, 200mg/kg/day and 300mg/kg/day p.o. for 4 weeks. Then Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TBARS concentration and ALT(Alanine Aminotransferase), AST(aspatate transaminase) activities were determined. Results : Plasma total LDL-cholesterol showed a tendancy to decrease in all treated group(P<0.05), however plasma HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride showed no significantly different. Rhizoma Alismatis extract feedings resulted in a decrease in plasma TBARS(p<0.05) concentration and AST, ALT activites but contents of TBARS in liver showed no significantly different among all the treatments. Conclusions : Reviewing these experimental results, it appears that Rhizoma Alismatis extract was effective for inhibiting lipid peroxidation and decreasing LDL-cholesterol concentration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

To study antioxidant role of zinc, the effects of dietary zinc deficiency and vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation were studied. Levels of zinc and vitamin E in blood and liver were also measured. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 8 weeks old were used as experimental animals. Zinc deficient diet (Zn, 0 ppm), zinc normal diet (Zn,36.5 ppm), and vitamin E supplemented diet (1,000 IU ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of diet) were used as experimental diet. During the first three weeks, rats were divided into zinc normal (ZnN, 8 animals) and zinc deficient (ZnD, 32 animals) group. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed to get blood and liver after 3 weeks of experiment. The remaining 24 zinc deficient rat were then divided into zinc normal (ZnDN), zinc deficient (ZnDD), vitamin E supplemented (ZnDE) diet groups. After another 3 weeks of experiment, all animals were sacrificed as well. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substanc (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver, conjugated diene levels in liver were measured as lipid peroxidation index. There were no significant differences in food intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio among groups. Weights of liver per 100 g body weight were not significantly different. There were no significant differences in Zn levels in serum. Plasma and liver TBARS level, and liver conjugated diene level were significantly lower in ZnDE than in ZnDN or ZnDD, and significantly higher in ZnDD than in ZnDN. Therefore, it seems that lipid peroxidation is accelerated by dietary zinc deficiency and recovered partly by vitamin E supplementation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 2007

The present study was designed to observe the effect of chronically ingested ethanol on the level of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), which is a non-oxidative metabolite of ethanol metabolism in tissues, and its correlation to the status of oxidative stress in rats. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 145 - 155 g were divided into 2 groups, Control and EtOH. All rats were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for 4 weeks by pair-feeding. An isocaloric maltose dextrin was added in replace of 50 g ethanol (36%kcal) in the control diet. Chronically ingested ethanol significantly increased the content of FAEEs in pancreas and liver, but not in brain. The level of 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly increased, but ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ level was significantly decreased in pancreas and liver. However, the levels of TBARS and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ in brain were not significantly affected by ethanol ingestion. Therefore, chronically ingested ethanol might cause tissue damage by increasing the levels of FAEEs and TBARS and dissipating more ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ in tissues.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.494-499
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• 2001

Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) has pungent smell and taste. It has been regarded as detoxicant, antipyretic, antiinflammantory and diuretic agents. In order to evaluate antioxidative and antilipidperoxidative efficacies, its fractions ($H_2O$, 20% MeOH, 40% MeOH, 60% MeOH, 170% MeOH) were measured by DPPH method and TBARS assay on rat liver homogenate. It was revealed that 60% MeOH fractions had potential antioxidative activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation significantly: In active fractions, we isolated rutin, hyperin, quercitrin and quercetin.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.354-357
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• 2000

Two ellagitannins, pedunculagin and 2,3-(S)-Hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP)-D -glucose and three condensed tannins, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B-4 which were isolated from Rubus coreanum were evaluated for their antioxidative effects with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation generation system mediated by addition of $H_2O$$_2$to rat liver homogenate (TBARS). The ellagitannins, 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and pedunculagin, showed more potent antioxidative activities by DPPH and TBARS than condensed tannins.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.586-596
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• 1992

To investigate the role of vitamin E in protection against lipid per-oxide formation and to monitor the changes in the status of vitamin E. A and reduced glutathione(GSH) in fish oil feeding male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Control group was fed soybean oil and fish oil groups(FO, FI, FII) fed menhaden oil and soybean oil(9:1) mixture at the level of 10% (w/w) respectively. Dietary vitamin E levels were 30 T, E for control and FI, 2 T.E. for FO and 140 T. E for FII Feeding periods were 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Throughout all periods plasma vitamin E levels(either per ml or per mg lipid) of FO group were extremely low and liver and adipose tissue vitamin E levels were also the lowest among four groups, Plasma vitamin E levels per ml were lower in FI and FII than control but per mg lipid were in the order of FII>FI$\geq$control but vitamin E level per mg lipid did not differ in liver and adipose tissue. As feeding prolonged vitamin E levels in plasma and other tissue were decreased in FO but increased in the other groups. Plsama and liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance(TBARS) values were elevated in FO. but increased in the other groups. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance(TBARS) values were elevated in FO. While plasma TBARS values as per ml plasma were similar or lower in FI and FII as compared to control plasma TBARS values as per mg lipd and liver TBARS values were in the order of $FI\geqFII>control.$ Plasma and liver vitamin A blood GSH but not liver GSH appeared to be in the order of FII control>FI>FO and this was most significant in 8 weeks. This results suggests that both type of dietary oil and levels of vitamin E affect not only lipid peroxidation but also the status of other physiological antioxidants which have the potential to spare the role of vitamin E.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Acetaminophen (AP) is widely used as an over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. AP-induced hepatotoxicity is a common consequence of AP overdose and may lead to acute liver failure. In this study, we investigated the liver damage in mice using single dose (300 mg/kg) of AP and the possible protective effects of administration (50-200 mg/kg body weight) of Joo-Juk on acetaminophen-induced liver damage in mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were determined in the plasma of mice. The effect of Joo-Juk on lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARS) and some antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, d-aminolevulinate dehydratase ($\sigma$-ALA-D) activities, and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx), were also evaluated in the mouse liver homogenate. AP caused liver damage as evident by statistically significant increased in plasma activities of AST and ALT. There were statistically significant losses in the activities of SOD, catalase, $\sigma$-ALA-D, and GPx and an increase in TBARS in the liver of AP-treated group compared with the control group. However, Joo-Juk was able to counteract these effects. These results suggest that Joo-juk can act as hepato-protectant against AP toxicity and is a good candidate for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic agent.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.109-126
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• 2009

Objectives: To investigate the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture on lipids, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammation in rats fed high-fat diet. Methods: Hyperlipidemic rats induced by high-fat diet were divided into 5 groups: no treatment control (normal, n=8), high-fat diet only control (control, n=8), high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at CV4 group (TI, n=8), high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at CV17 group (TII, n=8), and high-fat diet and Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture at EX-HN3 group (TIII, n=8). They were given pharmacopuncture accordingly every other day for two weeks followed by analyses of lowering lipids effects, oxidative capacity and anti-inflammatory effects. Results: Compared with the control, pharmacopuncture groups showed significantly decreased plasma total cholesterol (TC), liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, neutrophils, monocytes, plasma and liver IL-$1{\beta}$, and plasma and liver IL-6. In other parameters including plasma and liver triglyceride, liver TC, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, liver TBARS, supraoxide dismutase, total protein, albumin, blood cell analysis, plasma and liver TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10, there was no significant difference between control and pharmacopuncture groups. No clear acupoint-specificity was observed. Conclusions: Chrysanthemum indicum L. pharmacopuncture may improve control of hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.279-290
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• 2002

This study was performed to assess age-related changes in DNA damage and antioxidative capacity in 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 months old Sprague-Dawley male rats. The following were measured the degree of oxidative DNA damage as indicated by levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (80HdG) in the kidney ; the peroxidized lipid concentrations in the plasma and the liver, as indicated by the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); and the levels of antioxidant enzyme activities in the erythrocytes and the liver. Both body weight (BW) and epididymal fat pad (EFP) weight per BW increased with age until 16 months, then decreased slightly from 20 to 24 months. However, the weights of the liver, kidney and spleen per BW decreased with age. Concentrations of 8-OHdG in the kidney increased with age, only slightly front 4 to 16 months, and then markedly from 16 to 24 months. TBARS concentrations in the plasma and liver were shown to increase with age, being lowest in the 4 month-old group and highest in the 24 month-old group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the erythrocytes increased with age Catalase activity in the erythrocytes increased from 4 to 16 months, then decreased from 20 to 24 months. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the erythrocytes showed no age-related change. Liver SOD activity decreased with age, particularly from 16 to 20 months, but catalase and GSH-Px activities in the liver showed no significant changes. These results showed that during the normal aging of SD rats, DNA damage in the kidney and TBARS concentrations in the plasma and liver increased with age, particularly after 16 months, and the imbalance of antioxidative enzyme activities in the erythrocytes accelerated with age.