• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 1981

A nonexhaustive procedure for obtaining minimally testable Reed-Muller Canonical (RMC) forms with minimal 1itera1s of switching functions is presented, And, it is shown that this proced tore allows nonexhaustive and near-optimal handling of functions with Doft Care conditions.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.8 no.2 s.15
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• pp.172-180
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• 2004

In this paper, a parallel Input/Output modulo multiplier, which is applied to AOTP(All One or Two Polynomials) multiplicative algorithm over $GF(3^m)$, has been proposed using neuron-MOS Down-literal circuit on voltage mode. The three-valued input of the proposed multiplier is modulated by using neuron-MOS Down-literal circuit and the multiplication and Addition gates are implemented by the selecting of the three-valued input signals transformed by the module. The proposed circuits are simulated with the electrical parameter of a standard $0.35{\mu}m$CMOS N-well doubly-poly four-metal technology and a single +3V supply voltage. In the simulation result, the multiplier shows 4 uW power consumption and 3 MHzsampling rate and maintains output voltage level in ${\pm}0.1V$.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

To NP-complete 3-SAT problem, this paper proposes a O(nm) polynomial time algorithm, where n is the number of literals and m is the total frequency of all literals in equation f. Conventionally well-known DPLLs should perform O(2^𝑙) in the worst case by performing backtracking if they fail to find a solution in a brute-force search of a branch-and-bound for the number of literals 𝑙. DPLL forms the core of the SAT Solver by substituting true(T) or false(F) for a literal so that a clause containing the least frequency literal is true(T) and removing a clause containing that literal. Contrary to DPLL, the proposed algorithm selects a literal _max𝑙 with the maximum frequency and sets $_{\max}({\mid}l{\mid},{\mid}{\bar{l}}{\mid})=1$. It then deletes 𝑙∈c_i clause in addition to ${\bar{l}}$ from ${\bar{l}}{\in}c_i$ clause. Its test results on various k-SAT problems not only show that it performs less than existing DPLL algorithm, but prove its simplicity in satisfiability verification.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.242-248
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• 2022

The article presents the analysis of modern methods of automatic comparison of original and unoriginal text to detect textual plagiarism. The study covers two types of plagiarism - literal, when plagiarists directly make exact copying of the text without changing anything, and intelligent, using more sophisticated techniques, which are harder to detect due to the text manipulation, like words and signs replacement. Standard techniques related to extrinsic detection are string-based, vector space and semantic-based. The first, most common and most successful target models for detecting literal plagiarism - N-gram and Vector Space are analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. The most effective target models that allow detecting intelligent plagiarism, particularly identifying paraphrases by measuring the semantic similarity of short components of the text, are investigated. Models using neural network architecture and based on natural language sentence matching approaches such as Densely Interactive Inference Network (DIIN), Bilateral Multi-Perspective Matching (BiMPM) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and its family of models are considered. The progress in improving plagiarism detection systems, techniques and related models is summarized. Relevant and urgent problems that remain unresolved in detecting intelligent plagiarism - effective recognition of unoriginal ideas and qualitatively paraphrased text - are outlined.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of study is to define the term Dong(動) in diagnosis view. Method : To define term Dong(動), I refer to Korean, Chinese, Japanese dictionary and Todo Yoshimasu (吉益東洞)'s writing, Yakucho(藥徵) Houkyoku(方極). Next, I search for the diagnosis definition of Dong(動) in 11 case reports. Results : The diagnosis definitions of Dong(動) are two meanings. One is objective symptoms which are doctor can examine, trembling, movement, etc. The other is subjective symptoms which are patient's feeling, emotional problems, etc. It seperates 6 meanings concretely. Conclusions: (1) visible moving of a focus, (2) movement of a focus, (3) appearance of abnormal secretion, (4) abnormal change of focus, (5) feel like moving, (6) change of emotion beyond patient's control. 1~4 are objective symptoms which are doctor can examine, and 5~6 are subjective symptoms which are patient's feeling.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.439-452
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• 1998

In this Study, I concerned the learning-teaching of the use of letters in algebra. Our Study can be summarized as follows; First, I tried to establish the theoretical Foundation necessary for the learning-teaching of the use of letters in literal expressions. Second, I made a course of study that leads to the understanding of the meaning and the use f literals in algebraic expressions. Third, Based on this course of study, I held classes on First-grade students in middle school and I carried on an investigation their understanding of the meaning and the use of literals in algebraic expressions. Finally, I made an analysis of findings in this investigation and identified student's a better understanding of the meaning and the use of literals in algebraic expressions.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.606-624
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• 2018

Patent infringement is defined as implementing a whole patent product without authorization, which is called literal infringement. However, the alleged infringer sometimes does not directly produce the same product with the patented invention, but they simply replace some claimed elements with new materials, or they only produce a certain part of the patent product. Therefore, there is an issue on whether the above cases should also be deemed as patent infringement. This paper uses specific cases to analyze the formation and development process of the doctrine of equivalents and indirect infringement theory in Japan. Then, by discussing the interpretation of Article 101 of the current Japanese patent law, this paper makes it clear that whether it constitutes direct or indirect infringement in some particular cases. The objective of this paper is to clarify the specific requirements of patent infringement under Japanese patent law by case studying and comparing with the patent legal system of China.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.140-141
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• 2003

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2017

As the quantum gate matrix is a $r^{n+1}{\times}r^{n+1}$ dimension when the radix is r, the number of control state vectors is n, and the number of target state vectors is one, the matrix dimension with increasing n is exponentially increasing. If the number of control state vectors is $2^n$, then the number of $2^n-1$ unit matrix operations preserves the output from the input, and only one can be performed the unitary operation to the target state vector. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method of function embedding that can replace $2^n-1$ times of unit matrix operations with deterministic contribution to matrix dimension by arithmetic power switch of the unitary gate. The proposed function embedding method uses a binary literal switch with a multivalued threshold, so that a general purpose hybrid MCU gate can be realized in a $r{\times}r$ unitary matrix.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.15-32
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• 2003

Since algebra before the 19th century was the study of equations and equations are not differentiated from polynomials because of lack of the equality sign, the algebraic symbolism of polynomials plays very important role for tile history of algebra. We deal with the evolution of literal notations of polynomials in western and eastern worlds, and then compare their history.