• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the chicken lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL), using 545 F1 hybrids developed from $4{\times}4$ diallel crossing of four chicken breeds, and to analyze the associations between polymorphisms of the LPL and chicken fat deposition traits. PCR-SSCP was used to detect SNPs in LPL. Fifteen sets of primers were designed to amplify DNA fragments covering the 5'flanking and coding regions of LPL. It showed that there existed 5 polymorphic loci in the 5'flanking region and coding region, respectively. Association analysis was carried out between 10 polymorphic loci and intermuscular fat width, abdominal fat weight, and thickness of subcutaneous fat using ANCOVA, respectively. The results indicated that, in the 5'flanking region, the loci d and e significantly affected thickness of subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), abdominal fat weight (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat (p<0.05), while in the coding region, synonymous mutation in exon 8 was significantly associated with intermuscular fat width (p<0.05), however, the non-synonymous mutations in exon 7 and exon 9 did not show statistically significant effects on fat deposition traits in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1331-1339
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• 2013

The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene can be considered a functional candidate gene that regulates fatty acid composition. Oh etc (2013) investigated the relationship between unsaturated fatty acids and five novel SNPs, and had confirmed that three polymorphic SNPs (c.322G>A, c.329A>T and c.1591G>A) were associated with fatty acid composition. We have used generalized linear model for adjusted environmental effects and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method to identify gene-gene interaction effect of statistical model in general. We applied the MDR method on the identify major interaction effects of exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LPL gene for economic traits in Korean cattles population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1639-1644
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid metabolism in broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg dietary ALC supplementation, respectively). Compared with the control treatment, addition of ALC resulted in lower (linear effect, p<0.05) ADG and AFI. Abdominal fat percentage decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased, but there was no effect on dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage or thigh muscle percentage. Breast muscle pH value 24 h post-mortem increased (linear effect, p<0.05), but there were no significant differences among treatments. However, thigh muscle pH value increased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased. Breast and thigh muscle $a^*$ values increased (linear effect, p<0.05), and breast and thigh muscle $b^*$ values decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) with increased ALC in the diet. In addition, breast and thigh muscle shear force value decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) as dietary ALC was increased. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein lipase decreased (linear effect, p<0.05) and free fatty acid and lipase in serum increased (linear effect, p<0.05) with increased ALC in diets.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Silbi-san on the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibition and to analyze the anti-obesity effect by analyzing the changes in serum lipid composition in obese mice. Methods We compared contents of phytochemicals like total polyphenols and total flavonoid and antioxidant activities such as 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity. After Silbi-san in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro and mouse adipose tissue ex vivo, we quantified intracellular triglyceride accumulation and lipolysis. Moreover, the anti-obesity activity though inhibiting pancreatic lipase were analyzed. In 3T3-L1 cells, morphological changes showed that control cells had many lipid while cells treated with Silbi-san had less lipid accumulation. 30% EtOH Silbi-san treatment also suppressed the fat absorption by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase and led to high lipolysis through promoting glycerol release. The experimental group was divided into four groups: Normal group fed normal feed, Control group fed 60% high fat diet (HFD) and distilled water, drug group fed 60% high fat diet and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san water extract, drug group fed 60% HFD and 200 mg/kg of Silbi-san 30% ethanol extract. Results Serum total cholesterol content and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content were significantly decreased in the Silbi-san extract group compared to the control group, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol content was significantly increased in Silbi-san extract group. Conclusions In this study, the antioxidant and fat accumulation inhibitory effects of Silbi-san were confirmed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.641-654
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• 2023

Purpose: Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) contains abounding phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins, and has antioxidative effects. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator in enhancing the lipid metabolism. This study hypothesized that the intake of sour cherry affects AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study examined whether sour cherry regulates AMPK to balance the hepatic lipid metabolism and exert ameliorating effects. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice had obesity induced with a 45% fat diet. The mice were divided into four groups: control (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), low percentage sour cherry powder (LSC), and high percentage sour cherry powder (HSC). The mice in the sour cherry groups were fed 1% sour cherry or 5% sour cherry in their respective diets for 12 weeks. Results: The body weight, visceral fat weight, and lipid droplet size significantly decreased in the treatment groups. The serum and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels improved significantly in the HSC group. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also reduced significantly, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased significantly in both treatment groups. The sterol regulator binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase expression levels as fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the high-fat diet group. Furthermore, the adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression levels as lipolytic enzyme activity and AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 as fatty acid β-oxidation-related pathway were upregulated significantly in both sour cherry groups. Conclusions: These results show that sour cherry intake improves hepatic lipid synthesis and chronic diseases by activating AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study suggests that phytochemical-rich sour cherry can be developed as a healthy functional food.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.947-956
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• 2004

The primary role of lipoprotein lipase(LPL) is the hydrolysis of triglycerides(TG) from the core of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins such as chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins in plasma. Fatty acids liberated by LPL on capillary endothelial surfaces are available for tissues as energy sources especially in muscles or for storage in the form of TG in adipose tissues. Therefore, as the candidate gene related to the carcass traits of the beef cattle, we have directly sequenced the exon 5${\sim}$exon 6 region in the bovine LPL gene for discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) with 24 unrelated Hanwoo(Korean cattle). Novel eight sequence variants were detected: three loci on exon 5, three on intron 5 and two on exon 6. All SNPs identified were strongly linked each other, and one hundred twenty eight Hanwoo samples were genotyped one SNP on intron 5 using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method by digestion with Hae III restriction enzyme. The allele frequency of the polymorphism was 0.76 and 0.24. The effects of this polymorphism on the breeding values of the carcass weight, loin muscle area, back fat thickness and marbling score were analyzed using least square methods of SAS GLM. The marbling score of BB genotype was significantly higher than those of AA and AB genotypes(P<0.05). This result indicates that this polymorphism may be associated with the variation of marbling score. Further study is warranted to investigate the phenotypic association in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2008

The average milk fat content in goat milk was 3.88% on yearly basis. The milk fat content of 3.8% during summer season was lower than 4.2% during winter season. Total solid content increased in proportion to milk fat. When goat milk was stored at 4℃ for 24 hr, short-chain FFA(C4:0~C10:0) and medium- and long-chain FFA(C12:0~C18:1) increased about 106% and 203%, respectively. Induced lipolysis of goat milk by homogenization increased short-chain FFA and medium- and long-chain FFA by 22% and 199%. When goat milk was treated with calf lipase, there was increase of short-chain FFA by 9 times greater than increase of medium- and long-chain FFA by 5.6 times. Treatment with lipases from Candida rugosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens resulted in increase of medium- and long-chain FFA by 34 and 162 times, respectively, which was greater than increase of short-chain FFA by 6 and 14 times, respectively. Lipolysis in goat milk stored at 4℃ for 24 hr was correlated with LPL activity in goat milk(r=0.5635). Off-flavor of goat milk was correlated with LPL activity(r=0.5777). Milk fat content was negatively correlated with LPL activity(r=－0.4627). Palmitic acid content in goat milk was correlated with off-flavor(r=0.7226).

• The Zoological Society Korea : Newsletter
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\alpha$ (PPAR$\alpha$)에 대한 본격적인 연구는 고지혈증 치료제인 fibrate류의 약물들이 PPAR$\alpha$ activator로 작용한다는 사실이 밝혀짐으로써 크게 증대되었다. PPAR$\alpha$는 fibrate를 포함한 다양한 종류의 peroxisome proiferator (PP)에 의해 활성화되는데 이들을 쥐에 단기간 투여할 경우 간의 peroxisome수와 지 방산 산화효소의 유전자발현이 증가되고 장기간 투여 할 경우 간암을 발생시키지만, fibrate류의 약물들을 고지혈증 환자에게 투여 할 경우 간암을 발생시키지 않으므로써 PP에 대한 반응성에 있어서 species difference를 나타낸다 PPAR$\alpha$는 핵에 존재하는 orphan receptor로서 PP에 의해 활성화되어 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor(RXR)와 heterodimer를 이룬 후 target gene들의 upstream에 있는 peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE)에 결합하여 target gene들의 발현을 조절한다. 지금까지 연구된 PPAR$\alpha$의 target gene들은 모두 lipid와 lipoprotein 대사를 조절하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 이러 한 결과들을 기초로 lipid 대사 및 energy balance와 관련된 질병들 - 동맥경화증, 관상동맥질환, 비만, 제 2형 당뇨병 등에서 PPAR$\alpha$의 역할이 집중적으로 연구되고 있다. PPAR$\alpha$가 활성화되면 lipoprotein lipase와 HDL이 증가되고 apo C-III가 감소됨으로써 동맥경화증에 대한 예방적 기능을 나타내고, 몸무게를 감소시킴으로써 비만을 방지할 수 있으며, 인슐린 감수성을 증가시켜 제 2형 당뇨병의 치료효과를 가지는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 PPAR$\alpha$-null mouse에서는 이러한 효과들이 나타나지 않는 것으로 보아 이들 질병에서 PPAR$\alpha$가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.471-478
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• 2000

본 연구는 절식 및 재급여가 Sprague-Dawley 계통 수컷 흰쥐(55마리)의 지방조직내 LPL 활성과 지방합성량에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 아울러 재급여하는 동안 다양한 식이섭취 제한이 LPLghkf성과 지방합성에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 지도 조사하였다. 대조군(5마리)은 무제한 식이를 급여하였으며 실험 첫날 식이섭취 상태에서 바로 희생시켰으며, 그 외의 모든 쥐는 2일간 절식시켰다. 2일 절식 후 그중 5마리의 쥐를 희생하여 절식군으로 두었으며, 나머지 쥐(45마리)는 절식 후 식이를 재급여하였는데, 이때 재급여하는 동안 식이섭취 제한 효과를 보기 위해 ad libitum group, 20% food restricted group(ad libitum group의 80%) 및 40% food restricted group(ad libitum group의 60%)로 나누어 실시하였다. 재급여 후 7일, 14일 및 21일 째 되는 날 각각 희생하였다. 지방조직의 지방합성은 포도당이 총 지방으로 변한 양으로 측정하였다. 체중과 지방조직의 무게는 재급여 후 ad libitum group은 5일만에, 20% food restricted group은 14일만에 대조군 수준에 도달하였다. 재급여시 40% food restricted group의 체중과 지방조직의 무게는 재급여 후 21일째가 되도록 대조군 수준에 도달하지 못했다. 식이 재급여 후 21일 때 ad libitum group의 혈청 총 콜레스테롤함량은 대조군에 비해 높았다. (p<0.05). HDL-콜레스테롤함량은 재급여시 40% food restricted group가 대조군에 비해 높았다. (p<0.05). 그러나 HDL-C/TC비율과 중성지방함량은 처리군간에 유의적인 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 절식 후 지방조직내 지방합성량과 LPL(HR-LPL과 TE-LPL)활성은 대조군에 비해 현저희 저하되었다. (p<0.05). 재급여 후 21일째 ad libitum group의 지방합성량은 대조군에 비해 낮았다.(p<0.05). 그러나 40% food restricted group의 지방합성량은 대조군에 비해 높았다. (p<0.05). HR-LPL과 TE-LPLghkf성은 재급여시 ad libitum group과 20% food re-stricted group은 대조군 수준에 도달하였으나, 40% food restricted group은 재급여 후 21일째가 되도록 대조군 수준에 도달하지 못했다. 이러한 결과를 통해 절식 후 식이를 재급여할 경우 식이섭취 제한은 LPLghkf성이 증가되는 것을 부분적으로 혹은 완전히 예방할 수 있으며, 지방 조직내 지방축적에 영향을 미친다는 것을 말해 준다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 1977

Activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in adipose tissue, accumulation of carcass fat, and serum triglyceride have been determined in meal-fed (MF) and ad libitum-fed (AD) rats. At each feeding frequency, the animals received diets providing total fat as 15% or 30% of calories and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as 2.5% or 11% of calories. The food intake of the MF rats was 75% of that consumed by the AD rats but MF rat utilized their food more efficiently, as evidenced by weight gain per 100 Kcal consumed. Meal feeding, as contrasted to ad libitum feeding, resulted in greater activities of both LPL and HSL. This suggested a higher turnover of fat in the adipose tissue of MF rats. In AD rats, body fat was significantly correlated with LPL and the ratio of LPL/HSL. Meal feeding significantly increased the ratio of LPL/HSL, indicating a greater capacity for energy storage and fat deposition in the MF rat. However, at the limited caloric intake, MF rats failed to realize this potential; there was no significant difference in percentage of body fat at the two feeding frequencies. Body fat deposition was greater in rats fed the 30% fat diet, as compared with the 15% diet, regardless of the rate of food ingestion. This was coupled with a higher ratio of LPL/HSL. The significant correlation of serum triglycerides with body fat and with the ratio of LPL/HSL in AD rats suggests that LPL activity and fat deposition may be controlled by the concentration of circulating triglycerides. Both serum triglycerides and adipose LPL activity were significantly reduced when the diet contained high levels of PUFA. The percentage of body fat was also lower in animals whose intake of PUFA was high.