• Mycobiology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2021

Morels (Morchella spp.) are valuable medicinal and edible mushrooms. In this study, chemical profiles of aromas and lipophilic extracts of black morel (Morchella importuna) grown in China were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, along with the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for the lipophilic extracts. Sixty-five compounds in total were identified from the aromas, and 1-octen-3-ol was the main component for aromas of fresh (34.40%) and freeze-dried (68.61%) black morels, while the most abundant compound for the aroma of the oven-dried sample was 2(5H)-furanone (13.95%). From the lipophilic extracts, 29 compounds were identified with linoleic acid as the main compound for fresh (77.37%) and freeze-dried (56.46%) black morels and steroids (92.41%) as the main constituent for an oven-dried sample. All three lipophilic extracts showed moderate antioxidant activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) with the IC50 values ranging 7.56~17.52 mg/mL and 5.75~9.73 mg/mL, respectively, and no obvious antimicrobial activity was observed for lipophilic extracts. The drying methods affect the chemical profile of black morel, and freeze-drying was favorable for retaining nutrients and morel smell. This is the first report on the aroma and lipophilic extracts of M. importuna grown in China.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.863-866
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• 2001

Radish추출물을 수용성과 지용성으로 나누어 추출하여 DPPH 저해율, SOD 활성율, Catalase 활성, collagen 함량변화를 측정한 결과, DPPH 저해율과 Catalase 활성은 수용성 추출물(81.0%, 175units/mg)에서 높게 나타났고, SOD 활성율에서는 지용성 추출물(92.3%)이 높게 나타났다. 콜라겐$(21.45{\mu}g)$내의 pyridinoline의 함량은 control에 비해 수용성과 지용성 추출물을 첨가한 반응액에서 적었으며, 두 추출물을 비교해 봤을 때 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.736-741
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• 2000

체내에서 멜라닌 생합성을 촉매하는 tyrosinase에 대한 천연의 지용성 저해제 발굴을 위하여, isooctane/AOT(100 mM)/인산완충용액(20 mM, pH 8.0)으로 구성되고 tyrosinase(105.3 units/mL)와 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine(0.18 mM)을 함유한 역미셀계에서 식물체 75종의 petroleum ether 추출물이 tyrosinase 반응을 억제하는 효과를 분석하였다. 조사대상 식물체중에서 마늘이 in vitro 멜라닌 합성 반응을 완전히 저해하였고(100%), 모과, 고구마, 양파, 무순, 사과의 저해활성이 60% 이상이었다. 한약재와 향신료 중에서는 로즈마리, 고수, 계피, 산사자, 측백엽, 오매, 두충, 박하, 정향이 60% 이상의 저해능을 보였다. 그리고 각 식물체의 tyrosinase 저해효과와 더불어 추출수율을 함께 고려했을 때, 단위 원재료로부터 tyrosianse 저해제 생산을 많이 할 수 있는 소재를 선정할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 역미셀계를 이용함으로서 기존에는 분석이 어려웠던 지용성 물질의 tyrosinase 저해효과를 측정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2000

홍삼의 물 추출물, 알코올 추출물, 지용성 추출물, 총 사포닌, PD 및 PT 각 홍삼 추출물을 생리식염수에 녹여 50mg/kg/0.1ml용량으로 4주령 수컷 생쥐에게 15일간 경구투여 하여 생쥐 간으로부터 항산화 효소(GPX)의 활성도 변화와 GSH, GSSG 및 MDA의 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. GPX의 활성도는 PD, PTTS순으로 활성도가 높은 것으로 조사되었으며, 항산화 물질인 환원형 GSH 또한 같은 순으로 증가하는 것으로 사되었다. 한편 GSSG 함량은 지용성 추출물, PD, 알코올 추출물 순으로 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 동물조직세포내의 산화환원반응과 해독작용상태의 평가에 중요한 GSSG/total GSH비율은 지용성 추출물, PD, 총 사포닌 순으로 감소하는 것으로 조사되었다. 활성 산소에 의해 생성된 지질과산화의 최종산물인 MDA의 함량은 GSSG/total GSH 비율의 조사 결과와 비슷한 경향을 보였다 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 항산화 효소 활성과 항산화 물질 활성 증대를 강화시키는 홍삼 성분으로는 지용성 추출물, PD 및 총 사포닌인 것으로 조사되었으며, 이러한 성분들이 산화적 손상에 대한 방어기전 향상에 좋은 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.182-189
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• 1999

본 연구에서 홍삼의 항산화 효과를 알아보기 위하여 생쥐에 홍삼의 총사포닌 분획, 수용성 추출물, 알코올 추출물, 지용성 분획과 ascorbic acid를 투여(200mg/kg/0.1ml)한 후 paraquat(PQ) 100mg/kg을 복강투여 하였을 때 활성산소 라디칼의 생성을 촉진시킨 후 간에서 $H_2O_2$ 함량, SOD, catalase, GP의 량을 측정한 결과 총사포닌 투여군을 제외한 홍삼추출물 투여 후 PQ투여군 치가 PQ 단독 처리군에 비하여 $H_2O_2$ 생성량이 유의성(p<0.01) 있게 감소 억제되었다. 한편 항산화효소의 활성은 PQ단독 처리군에 비하여 SOD는 홍삼추출물 투여 모든 군에서 유의성있는 증가를 하였고, catalase는 수용성 추출물과 지용성 분획 투여군에서 증가하였으며, CP는 지용성 분획에서 유의성(p<0.01)있는 증가를 보였다. 그리고 지질과산화에서 PQ처리는 지질과산화 경향 MDA량이 증가되는 것을 볼 수 있었고, 홍삼추출물 투여는 PQ단독 처리군에 비하여 지질과산화 경향에서 MDA량은 억제되는 경향을 보였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 1994

Rats (Sprague Dawley, male, 200 g) were fed with 15% corn oil containing a large quantity of 18 2 (linoleic acid) for 3 weeks, and were followed by feeding the petroleum ether extracts from Korean red ginseng for 3 weeks. cGMP was produced more in platelets prepared from both 15% corn oil and petroleum ether extracts-fed group than in platelets only 15% corn oil-fed group, indicating that the production of cGMP is increased by feeding the petroleum ether extracts. When this platelet was stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), the level of cGMP was decreased. However, the platelets in medium containing protein fraction (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) was stimulated by PMA, the production of cGMP inhibited by PMA was increased by 3 times or more. These results suggest that both the protein fraction and the petroleum ether extracts from Korean red ginseng are synergistic in the productiorl of cGMP, and they may have the antiplatelet effects.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9517-9522
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• 2014

Purple rice (Oryza sativa L. var. indica) cv. Kum Doisaket is cultivated in northern Thailand. This study evaluated the mutagenic and antimutagenic properties of hydrophilic and lipophilic components of purple rice using the Ames test. The seed and hull of purple rice were extracted with hexane, methanol, ethanol, and water. The methanol extracts had the highest amounts of phenolic acids and flavonoids, while the hexane extracts contained large amount of tocols and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol. None of the extracts were mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. The hexane extract of rice hull and the methanol extract of rice seed were strongly effective against aflatoxin B1- and 2-amino-3, 4 dimethylimidazo (4, 5-f) quinoline-induced mutagenesis, while aqueous extracts showed weakly antimutagenic properties. All extracts with the exception of aqueous extracts enhanced the number of revertant colonies from benzo (a) pyrene induced-mutagenesis. None of the extracts inhibited mutagenesis induced by the direct mutagens 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-acrylamide and sodium azide. The hull extracts showed more potent antimutagenicity than the seed extracts. Based on a chemical analysis, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol in the hull and cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the seed are candidate antimutagens in purple rice. The antimutagenic mechanisms of purple rice might be related to either modulation of mutagen metabolizing enzymes or direct attack on electrophiles. These findings supported the use of Thai purple rice as a cancer chemopreventive agent.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

본 연구결과에서 볼 때 paraquat독성 생존율 실험에서는 ascorbic acid가 우수하였고, 간조직 내 과산화수소 ($H_2O$$_2$)축적해소는 알콜추출물에서 우수하였으며, GPx활성도 수준은 홍삼지용성추출물과 ascorbic acid에서 우수하였다. 한편 GSH량은 증가되면서 GSSG량이 감소되는 glutathion 환원반응이 우수한 것은 ascorbic acid에서만이 확인되었다. 한편 생체 내 MDA량 감소는 홍삼수용성추출물과 ascorbic acid에서만 우수한 효능을 발휘하였다. 이 같은 실험 결과들로 미루어 볼 때 ascorbic acid가 항산화 효능이 있는 것은 본 실험에서 도 입증되고 있으며, 아울러 홍삼에서도 추출물마다 독특한 항산화 효능이 나타나고 있다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2014

This study analyzed phytochemicals, including various carotenoids, tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid, in green, yellow and orange paprikas (GP, YP and OP) and measured the preventive effects of lipophilic extracts from different colored paprikas on the blockage of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), which is known as a cellular event associated with tumor promotion. Main carotenoids were lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene in GP, lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, capsanthin, violaxanthin, ${\beta}$-carotene and capsorubin in YP, and lutein, ${\beta}$-carotene, cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in OP. Total carotenoid contents were $65.54{\pm}15.87$ mg/100 g dw in OP, $11.98{\pm}0.69$ mg/100 g dw in YP and $10.30{\pm}1.43$ mg/100 g dw in GP. Tocopherol contents were highest in GP compared with in YP and OP, whereas L-ascorbic acid contents were very high in all paprikas. We determined the non-cytotoxic levels of paprika extracts by MTT assay, which showed less formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $500{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ for 1h. Finally, we showed that pretreatment of paprika extracts prevented inhibition of GJIC induced by $500{\mu}M$ $H_2O_2$ by the scrape-loading/dye-transfer technique. In conclusion, each colored paprika has unique phytochemicals and showed a protective effect on inhibition of GJIC.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 1984

In order to shorten the extraction time of saponin in ginseng products, election with Extrelut column and phase-separation methods were compared. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Saponin of ginseng products was extracted completely within 3 hours by election method with Extrelut column, and the rate of removing glucose by the column was increased with increasing glucose content in ginseng products. 2. Stirring method was superior to refluxing method for removing sugars from ginseng products, and removing rate was deceased in the order of lactose, sucrose and glucose. 3. Extraction rate of ginsenoside from ginseng extracts by the elution method was nearly same as that of phase-separation method; however, the former was much higher than the latter in the case of ginseng teas. Therefore, the elution by Extrelut column is to be improper for extraction of saponin in ginseng tea which contains much sugar. It was necessary to remove lipophilic compounds for extraction of saponin from ginseng extracts by elution with Extrelut column.